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卷四十二_礼记析疑

章节: 卷四十二
书名: 礼记析疑
类目: 经部
原作者:
朝代:
写作年代: 约公元前-279年  至  公元后932年
视频: 卷四十二_礼记析疑
音频: 卷四十二_礼记析疑
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欽定四庫全書 禮記析疑卷四十二          翰林院侍講銜方苞撰  冠義凡人之所以為人者禮義也禮義之始在於正容體齊顔色順辭令容體正顔色齊辭令順而後禮義備以正君臣親父子和長幼君臣正父子親長幼和而后禮義立故冠而后服備服備而后容體正顔色齊辭令順故
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曰冠者禮之始也 曰禮義備者虛言其理也曰禮義立以附於人身者 言之也 自十年學幼儀容體顔色辭令已無日不 使之習矣然幼所習手容足容行容立容之常而已 至成人則事君事長接賓承祭躬身俯仰歩武疾徐 各當其品節而後謂之正幼所學事親事兄承師承 長之色而已至成人則在廟在朝治軍臨下有喪有 憂弔死問疾之色咸得其分際而後謂之齊幼所學
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 將命傳言之辭而已至成人則聘頫享覿㑹盟征伐 之辭無一不合其機宜而後謂之順盖始學其儀即 求其所以正所以齊所以順之禮義然必至於能正 能齊能順而後禮義始備也故制冠禮至是而後責 其備則自十五入大學以後必盡志於此時自警惕 而惟恐其不備矣見於母母拜之 古者君於臣父於子舅姑於婦皆有拜禮盖責之者
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 厚望之也深故禮之不得不重也而各有節會焉子 之冠母拜之始為成人又以所執者廟中之脯也父 於冠不宜答子之拜故子冠後亦無拜父之禮婦見 舅姑舅姑饗婦則不惟姑答拜舅亦答焉婦饋則姑 酳之拜而舅無拜盖盥饋者婦職之常也見與饗則 將授之室而使為主非饋比也父之於子則冠無拜 而養於廟中有拜盖始教以成人之禮未知其果克 家也舉奠而則以宗祊託焉且與長兄弟俱故至
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 是始有拜禮也若非適嗣衆子之拜更無答禮至於 國君則大夫以上答拜而士非其臣亦答焉天子則 在喪答拜而朝覲會同皆無之獨屈體於師保臣於 君必稽首而大夫之臣則無之乃聖人運用天理至 極而不可移易者也 母拜之肅拜也按少儀婦人 吉事雖有君賜肅拜平時子拜母坐受之或立受而 不答重冠禮故肅拜以答也唐人禮父坐受子拜母 立受 周官九拜惟稽首頓首至地其曰空首者手
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 至地而頭至手即記所謂手拜也所謂肅拜者俯手 近地如今之揖也覲禮三揖及司士王揖羣臣則推 手小下之耳喪大記君拜卿大夫於位於士旁三拜 康王受顧命於羣臣之拜無不答而春秋傳則曰二 王之後天子有事燔焉有喪拜焉其説參差相抵而 不合嘗通論之稽首非君父無所施春秋傳盟於蒙 孟武伯曰非天子寡君無所稽首是也而在喪亦用 於敵者雜記鄰國來弔子拜稽顙孔子曰稽顙而後
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 拜頎乎其至也三年之喪吾從其至者是也然則國 君平時答卿大夫以肅拜在喪及饗食燕射以手拜 天子平時答公卿侯伯以揖在喪則以手拜答二王 之後則以頓首也惟成王之於周公太甲之於伊尹 皆拜手稽首盖先王舊臣師保之尊不可以常禮論 如太公授丹書武王北面皆以義起而偶一行之遂以摯見於卿大夫鄉先生 晉語趙武冠備見諸大夫卿大夫適子有此禮
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將責為人子為人弟為人臣為人少者之禮行焉 如傳所稱魯昭公習儀以亟禮與辭足觀與魯論所 云論篤色莊色取仁而行違者其於為人子為人弟 為人臣為人少者之禮文非不能合也而夷考其行 則實與禮悖為責四者之行於人故必敬其事重其 禮以使之興於行也可以為人而后可以治人也 冠用士禮不惟士大夫之子成人以後有服官治人
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 之責即庶人之子受室成家身不行道不行於妻子 故必可以為人而後可以治人也      
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        禮記析疑卷四十二




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