孟子(滕文公章句上)_诗
章节: | 孟子(滕文公章句上) |
书名: | 诗 |
类目: | 经部 |
原作者: | 孟子及其弟子 |
朝代: | |
写作年代: | 约公元前-181年 至 公元后934年 |
视频: | 孟子(滕文公章句上)_诗 |
音频: | 孟子(滕文公章句上)_诗 |
新国学: | 否 |
滕定公薨,世子谓然友曰:「昔者孟子尝与我言于宋,于心终不忘。今也不幸至于大故,吾欲使子问于孟子,然后行事。」
然友之邹问于孟子。
孟子曰:「不亦善乎!亲丧,固所自尽也。曾子曰:『生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼,可谓孝矣。』诸侯之礼,吾未之学也;虽然,吾尝闻之矣。三年之丧,斋疏之服,□粥之食,自天子达于庶人,三代共之。」
然友反命,定为三年之丧。父兄百官皆不欲也,故曰:「吾宗国鲁先君莫之行,吾先君亦莫之行也,至于子之身而反之,不可。且志曰:『丧祭从先祖。』曰:『吾有所受之也。』」
谓然友曰:「吾他日未尝学问,好驰马试剑。今也父兄百官不我足也,恐其不能尽于大事,子为我问孟子!」
然友复之邹问孟子。
孟子曰:「然;不可以他求者也。孔子曰:『君薨,听于冢宰,歠粥,面深墨,即位而哭,百官有司莫敢不哀,先之也。』上有好者,下必有甚焉者矣。君子之德,风也;小人之德,草也。草上之风,必偃。是在世子。」
然友反命。
世子曰:「然;是诚在我。」
五月居庐,未有命戒。百官族人可,谓曰知。及至葬,四方来观之,颜色之戚,哭泣之哀,吊者大悦。
滕文公问为国。
孟子曰:「民事不可缓也。《诗》云:『昼尔于茅,宵尔索綯;亟其乘屋,其始播百谷。』民之为道也,有恒产者有恒心,无恒产者无恒心。苟无恒心,放僻邪侈,无不为已。及陷乎罪,然后从而刑之。是罔民也。焉有仁人在位罔民而可为也?是故贤君必恭俭礼下,取于民有制。阳虎曰:『为富不仁矣,为仁不富矣。』
「夏后氏五十而贡,殷人七十而助,周人百亩而彻,其实皆什一也。彻者,彻也;助者,藉也。龙子曰:『治地莫善于助,莫不善于贡。』贡者,挍数岁之中以为常。乐岁,粒米狼戾,多取之而不为虐,则寡取之;凶年,粪其田而不足,则必取盈焉。为民父母,使民盻盻然,将终岁勤动,不得以养其父母,又称贷而益之,使老稚转乎沟壑,恶在其为民父母也?夫世禄,滕固行之矣。诗云:『雨我公田,遂及我私。』惟助为有公田。由此观之,虽周亦助也。
「设为庠序学校以教之。庠者,养也;校者,教也;序者,射也。夏曰校,殷曰序,周曰庠;学则三代共之,皆所以明人伦也。人伦明于上,小民亲于下。有王者起,必来取法,是为王者师也。
「《诗》云:『周虽旧邦,其命惟新。』文王之谓也。子力行之,亦以新子之国!」
使毕战问井地。
孟子曰:「子之君将行仁政,选择而使子,子必勉之!夫仁政,必自经界始。经界不正,井地不钧,谷禄不平,是故暴君汙吏必慢其经界。经界既正,分田制禄可坐而定也。
「夫滕,壤地褊小,将为君子焉,将为野人焉。无君子,莫治野人;无野人,莫养君子。请野九一而助,国中什一使自赋。卿以下必有圭田,圭田五十亩;余夫二十五亩。死徙无出乡,乡田同井,出入相友,守望相助,疾病相扶持,则百姓亲睦。方里而井,井九百亩,其中为公田。八家皆私百亩,同养公田;公事毕,然后敢治私事,所以别野人也。此其大略也;若夫润泽之,则在君与子矣。」
有为神农之言者许行,自楚之滕,踵门而告文公曰:「远方之人闻君行仁政,愿受一廛而为氓。」
文公与之处。
其徒数十人,皆衣褐,捆屦、织席以为食。
陈良之徒陈相与其弟辛,负耒耜而自宋之滕,曰:「闻君行圣人之政,是亦圣人也,愿为圣人氓。」
陈相见许行而大悦,尽弃其学而学焉。
陈相见孟子,道许行之言曰:「滕君则诚贤君也,虽然,未闻道也。贤者与民并耕而食,饔飧而治。今也滕有仓廪府库,则是厉民而以自养也,恶得贤?」
孟子曰:「许子必种粟而后食乎?」
曰:「然。」
「许子必织布而后衣乎?」
曰:「否!许子衣褐。」
「许子冠乎?」
曰:「冠。」
曰:「奚冠?」
曰:「冠素。」
曰:「自织之与?」
曰:「否,以粟易之。」
曰:「许子奚为不自织?」
曰:「害于耕。」
曰:「许子以釜甑爨,以铁耕乎?」
曰:「然。」
「自为之与?」
曰:「否!以粟易之。」
「以粟易械器者,不为厉陶冶;陶冶亦以其械器易粟者,岂为厉农夫哉?且许子何不为陶冶,舍皆取诸其宫中而用之?何为纷纷然与百工交易?何许子之不惮烦?」
曰:「百工之事固不可耕且为也。」
「然则治天下独可耕且为与?有大人之事,有小人之事。且一人之身,而百工之所为备,如必自为而后用之,是率天下而路也。故曰,或劳心,或劳力;劳心者治人,劳力者治于人;治于人者食人,治人者食于人,天下之通义也。
「当尧之时,天下犹未平,洪水横流,泛滥于天下,草木畅茂,禽兽繁殖,五谷不登,禽兽逼人,兽蹄鸟迹之道交于中国。尧独忧之,举舜而敷治焉。舜使益掌火,益烈山泽而焚之,禽兽逃匿。禹疏九河,瀹济漯而注诸海,决汝汉,排淮泗而注之江,然后中国可得而食也。当是时也,禹八年于外,三过其门而不入,虽欲耕,得乎?
「后稷教民稼穑,树艺五谷;五谷熟而民人育。人之有道也。饱食、暖衣、逸居而无教,则近于禽兽。圣人有忧之,使契为司徒,教以人伦,父子有亲,君臣有义,夫妇有别,长幼有叙,朋友有信。放勋曰:『劳之来之,匡之直之,辅之翼之,使自得之,又从而振德之。』圣人之忧民如此,而暇耕乎?
「尧以不得舜为己忧,舜以不得禹、皋陶为己忧。夫以百亩之不易为己忧者,农夫也。分人以财谓之惠,教人以善谓之忠,为天下得人者谓之仁。是故以天下与人易,为天下得人难,孔子曰:『大哉尧之为君!惟天为大,惟尧则之,荡荡乎民无能名焉!君哉舜也!巍巍乎有天下而不与焉!』尧舜之治天下,岂无所用其心哉?亦不用于耕耳。
「吾闻用夏变夷者,未闻变于夷者也。陈良,楚产也,悦周公、仲尼之道,北学于中国。北方之学者,未能或之先也。彼所谓豪杰之士也。子之兄弟事之数十年,师死而遂倍之!昔者孔子没,三年之外,门人治任将归,入揖于子贡,相向而哭,皆失声,然后归。子贡反,筑室于场,独居三年,然后归。他日,子夏、子张、子游以有若似圣人,欲以所事孔子事之,强曾子。曾子曰:『不可;江汉以濯之,秋阳以暴之,皜□乎不可尚已。』今也南蛮□舌之人,非先王之道,子倍子之师而学之,亦异于曾子矣。吾闻出于幽谷迁于乔木者,未闻下乔木而入于幽谷者。《鲁颂》曰:『戎狄是膺,荆舒是惩。』周公方且膺之,子是之学,亦为不善变矣。」
「从许子之道,则市贾不贰,国中无伪,虽使五尺之童适市,莫之或欺。布帛长短同,则贾相若;麻缕丝絮轻重同,则贾相若;五谷多寡同,则贾相若;屦大小同,则贾相若。」
曰:「夫物之不齐,物之情也;或相倍蓰,或相什百,或相千万。子比而同之,是乱天下也。巨屦小屦同贾,人岂为之哉?从许子之道,相率而为伪者也,恶能治国家?」
墨者夷之因徐辟而求见孟子。孟子曰:「吾固愿见,今吾尚病,病愈,我且往见,夷子不来!」
他日,又求见孟子。孟子曰:「吾今则可以见矣。不直,则道不见;我且直之。吾闻夷子墨者,墨之治丧也,以薄为其道也;夷子思以易天下,岂以为非是而不贵也;然而夷子葬其亲厚,则是以所贱事亲也。」
徐子以告夷子。
夷子曰:「儒者之道,古之人若保赤子,此言何谓也?之则以为爱无差等,施由亲始。」
徐子以告孟子。
孟子曰:「夫夷子信以为人之亲其兄之子为若亲其邻之赤子乎?彼有取尔也。赤子匍匐将入井,非赤子之罪也。且天之生物也,使之一本,而夷子二本故也。盖上世尝有不葬其亲者,其亲死,则举而委之于壑。他日过之,狐狸食之,蝇蚋姑嘬之。其颡有泚,睨而不视。夫泚也,非为人泚,中心达于面目,盖归反{藟糸}梩而掩之。掩之诚是也,则孝子仁人之掩其亲,亦必有道矣。」
徐子以告夷子。夷子怃然为间曰:「命之矣。」
Mencius (on Teng article fair chapters) _ poem New Sinology Chapter: Mencius (on Teng article fair chapters) New Sinology BookName: Poem New Sinology Catalog: Classics department New Sinology Content: Teng Wen is fair for the world child, will Hunan, pass a surname and see a Mencius. Be apt to of Mencius path sex, character weighs Yao and Shun surely. World child turn over from Hunan, answer see a Mencius. The Mencius says: " world child doubt my character? The husband one just. Call into □ Qi Jing is fair say: "Those, the husband also; I, the husband also; Those of my He Wei. " Yan Yuan says: "Shun, he Ren also? Grant, he Ren also? Promising person Yi Re is. " Gong Mingyi says: "Article king, my division also; Zhou Gongqi bully I? " today Teng, absolutely long fill short, will 50 lis also, still can be country of be apt to. The book says: "Be like medicine not dizziness, faint disease not Chou. " " Teng decides Gong Hong, world child call like that friend says: " former times person the Mencius is tasted with my character Yu Song, do not forget eventually at the heart. Today unfortunate also as to old friend, I is about to make child ask Yu Mengzi, next act. " Like that friendly Zou asks Yu Mengzi. The Mencius says: " not Yi Shan! Kiss funeral, solid place commit suicide also. Ceng Zi says: "Unripe, of the thing with the ceremony; Dead, of bury with the ceremony, of hold a memorial ceremony for with the ceremony, filial piety of it may be said. " vassal ceremony, I not learn also; Although, I tastes Wen Zhi. Funeral of 3 years, fast is taken scantily, of □ congee feed, amount to Yu Shu's person from the emperor, 3 generation in all. " Like that friend returns a lot, it is funeral of 3 years surely. Father and elder brothers 100 officials neither desire also, friend says: " the travel of Jun Mo of I Guo Luxian, the travel of my Xianjun Yi Mo also, as to child personally and conversely, cannot. And records says: "Cong Xianzu of funeral hold a memorial ceremony for. " say: "I suffers somewhat also. " " Call like that friend says: " I the other day have not knowledge, good gallop Ma Shijian. Today also father and elder brothers 100 officials not I am sufficient also, fear its cannot be being used up at the important matter, child ask a Mencius for me! " Like that the Zou of friend answer asks a Mencius. The Mencius says: " like that; The person that cannot beg with him also. Confucius says: "Jun Hong, listen at grave to slaughter, congee, face deep black, accession and cry, 100 officials have department Mo Gan not sad, first also. " go up the person that had had, have surely below very Yan person. The heart of gentleman, wind also; The heart of Lilliputian, careless also. The wind on grass, fall on his back surely. It is alive child. " Like that friend returns a lot. World child say: " like that; Be sincere in me. " Resided cottage in May, have no life give up. 100 officials clansman but, call to know. Until bury, all directions will watch, the relative of color, cry sad, exultation of the person that a string of 1. Teng Wen is fair ask for the country. The Mencius says: " civil cannot delay also. " poem " the cloud: "Day Er Yu Mao, Jin of night Er all alone; Earnestly its take room, its only then sow 100 cereal. " civilian it is also, the person that preserving is produced has constancy of purpose, have-not does not have perseverance. Careless does not have perseverance, the evil that put out-of-the-way wastefuls, all without exception is already. Reach fall blame, next thereby of punishment. Be not civilian also. V/arc be on the throne of Yan Youren's person not civilian and can you be also? Hereat virtuous gentleman needs respectful frugal ceremony falls, take at civilian have make. Yang Hu says: "Be rich but cruel, for benevolence not rich. For benevolence not rich.. " Xia Houshi 50 and tribute, yan Ren 70 and aid, zhou Ren 100 mus and thorough, actually all assorted one also. Thorough person, thorough also; The person that aid, jie also. Long Zi says: "Treat the ground to not be good at aiding, there's no one who doesn't or isn't is good at tribute. " tribute person, is several years old in think constant. Happy year old, crime of bead rice wolf, take more and do not be cruel, criterion few takes; Fierce year, dung its cropland and insufficient, take surely be filled with Yan. For civilian parents, make civilian Bao Bao like that, will eventually year old move frequently, do not be able to raise its parents, say to borrow again and of beneficial, olden childish turns gully, evil be in its civilian parents also? Husband life salary, teng Gu goes. Shi Yun: "Rain my fair cropland, reach my illicit then. " alone is aided to have fair field. Watch from this, although Zhou Yi is aided also. " set school of the foreword that it is Xiang with teaching. Xiang person, raise also; School person, teach also; Foreword person, shoot also. Xia Yue school, yan Yue foreword, zhou Yuexiang; Learn a 3 generation in all, all so bright human relations also. Human relations bright at going up, small civilian close at falling. Wang Zhe rises, come surely take as one's model, it is to be Wang Zhe division also. " " poem " the cloud: "Although week is old state, its life thought is new. " Wen Wangzhi calls also. Child force goes, also with Xin Zizhi country! " Make Bi Zhan asks a well the ground. The Mencius says: " child policy of benevolence of gentleman general travel, choose and make child, child surely of exert oneself! Husband policy of benevolence, surely from classics bound only then. Classics bound is frame-up, well ground not your, gu Lu is rough, official of hereat oppressor needs slow its classics bound. Classics bound already, cent cropland makes salary can sit and decide also. " husband Teng, soil ground narrows small, will be gentleman Yan, will be savage Yan. Without gentleman, not treat savage; Without savage, not raise gentleman. Please wild 91 and aid, the assorted in the country makes be endowed with oneself. Dear have field of an elongated pointed tablet of jade held in the hands by ancient rulers on ceremonial occasions surely below, cropland of an elongated pointed tablet of jade held in the hands by ancient rulers on ceremonial occasions 50 mus; Yu Fu 25 mus. Dead move from one place to another does not have a countryside, countryside cropland is the same as a well, discrepancy posture is friendly, keep watch and help defend each other, disease photograph gives aid to, criterion common people kisses harmonious. Square in and well, well 900 mus, it is fair cropland among them. 8 all illicit 100 mus, raise fair cropland together; Public affairs finishs, dare treat private affairs next, fasten savage so also. This its are rude also; Of the moist that be like a husband, be in gentleman and child. " Promising god farming character person Xu Hang, from Chu Zhiteng, heel door and accuse language is common say: " the policy of benevolence of travel of person Wen Jun of distance, wish to get one a market place and be the common people. " Language is common be in to it. Its apprentice tens of people, all garment brown, bunch Ju, knit banquet to think feed. Chen Liang's apprentice old get along with laborious of its younger brother, lose Lei a spade-shaped farm tool used in ancient China and from Song Zhiteng, say: " of sage of travel famous gentleman politics, it is Yi Sheng's person also, wish to be sage the common people. " Old meet Xu Hang and exultation, all abandon its to learn and learn Yan. Old meet Mencius, yan Yue of path Xu Hangzhi: " Teng Jun Zecheng virtuous gentleman also, although, did not hear also. Virtuous person with civilian plough and feed, yong Sun and treat. Today also v/arc government repository of Teng Youcang granary, it is Li Min and with be being raised oneself also, evil virtuous? " The Mencius says: " is Xu Zi planted surely is millet fed after that? " Say: " like that. " " does Xu Zi need weaving after that the garment? " Say: " deny! Xu Ziyi brown. " " Xu Ziguan? " Say: " coronal. " Say: " Xi Guan? " Say: " coronal element. " Say: " knit oneself with? " Say: " deny, with Su Yi. " Say: " Xu Zixi is do not knit oneself? " Say: " kill Yu Geng. " Say: " Xu Zi cooks with boiler an ancient earthen utensil for steaming rise, plough with iron? " Say: " like that. " " do it oneself with? " Say: " deny! With Su Yi. " " fetters with Su Yi implement person, do not seductively dressed or made up for Li Tao; Edify also fetterses with its implement easy Su Zhe, be severe farmer? And why is Xu Zi edify, abandon all take Zhu Jigong medium and use? Does He Wei trade with 100 labour like that in succession? What kind of child do not fear irritated? " Say: " the trouble firm of 100 labour is not arable and for also. " " in that case govern the world alone arable and for with? Have the thing of adult, have the thing of Lilliputian. And the body of one person, and the place of 100 labour is equipment, if be what use after that oneself surely, be lead the world and road also. Friend says, or work with one's mind or brains, or labor; Work with one's mind or brains person treat a person, labor person treat at the person; Treat at the person person maneating, the person that treat a person is fed at the person, of the world connect justice also. " when Yao Zhi, the world still was not made the same score, pluvial crosscurrent, below flush Yu Tian, wood Chang Mao, birds and beasts is progenitive, food crops is not ascended, birds and beasts is threatening, the path of mark of animal hoof bird is handed in at China. Of Yao Du care, lift Shun and apply treats Yan. Shun makes beneficial palm fire, beneficial intense Shan Ze and those who burn, abscond of birds and beasts. Shu Jiuhe of the reputed founder of the Ix Dynasty, yue aid Luo and note Zhu Hai, definitely Ru Han, the river that discharge Si of the Huaihe River and notes, china can be gotten and feed next also. Should be when also, yu Banian at outside, 3 live its door and do not enter, although be about to plough, get? " hind millet teachs civilian sowing and reaping, tree art food crops; Food crops is ripe and civilian person Yo. Of the person have also. Gorge, warm clothes, ease is resided and do not have religion, be bordering on birds and beasts. The sage has concern, make the agree is department apprentice, teach with human relations, father and son has close, jun Chen has justice, the couple has not, long young have talk, the friend has a letter. Put merit say: "Of fatigue those who come, kuang Zhi is straight, complementary of the ala, make of contented, thereby Zhen Dezhi. " the sage's care civilian such, and is free time agrarian? " Monarch Yao it is personal care with getting Shun, shun is personal care with getting the reputed founder of the Ix Dynasty, Gao Tao. Husband the person be personal care not easily with 100 mus, farmer also. Distribute the benefit that the person says with money, teach a person to call with be apt to faithful, call for the person that the world gets a person benevolence. Hereat with the world and person easy, it is difficult to get a person for the world, confucius says: "Big Yao Zhi is gentleman! Alone day is big, alone Yao Zezhi, swing swing civilian incompetent name Yan! Jun Zai Shun also! Lofty fall one day and not with Yan! " of Yao and Shun govern the world, use its heart without place? Also need not Yu Geng ear. " I hears the person that use Xia Bianyi, did not hear change Yu Yi person also. Chen Liang, hunan is produced also, the path of Yue Zhou Gong, Zhong Ni, north learns at China. Northward scholar, fail or first also. The other party is so-called of hero person also. Child of brotherly job year, division dies and satisfy of times! Former times person Confucius is done not have, 3 years besides, door person is treated allow to will return, into bow with hands clasped to Yu Zi tribute, cry to, all aphonia, return next. Child tribute is turned over, build room at, reside 3 years alone, return next. The other day, child summer, child piece, child swim in order to if seem a wise man,have, desire with thing of place thing Confucius, strong Ceng Zi. Ceng Zi says: "Cannot; Of river Han Yizhuo, qiu Yang with cruel, □ cannot still already. " today also the person of tongue of Na Man □ , blame first Wang Zhi, child times child master and learn, yi Yi Yu Cengzi. I hears the person that stem from wood of glen change Yu Qiao, did not hear next arbor and enter at glen person. " Lu Song " say: "Rong Di is bear, jing Shu is punish. " Zhou Gongfang and of bear, child be learn, also change for not to be pooh-poohed. " " from Xu Zizhi, criterion city Gu Buer, bogus is not had in the country, although make the Tong Kuo city of 5 feet, mo Zhi or bully. Accident of cloth and silk is the same as, criterion Gu Xiangre; Weight of garrulous of hemp detailed silk is the same as, criterion Gu Xiangre; Food crops amount is the same as, criterion Gu Xiangre; Ju size is the same as, criterion Gu Xiangre. " Say: " of husband content not neat, the affection of content also; Or times Xi, or photograph assorted 100, or photograph ten million. Child compare and be the same as, it is random the world also. Gigantic Ju small Ju is the same as merchant, does the person do it? From Xu Zizhi, the person that be led and be bogus also, evil can you rule a country? " Mencius of because of Xu monarch ask to see. The Mencius says: " my solid wish to see, today I is still ill, cured, I and toward see, exterminate child do not come! " The other day, mencius of ask to see. The Mencius says: " I can see today. Not straight, disappear; I and straight. I hears exterminate child Chinese ink person, the make funeral arrangement of Chinese ink also, with thin for its also; Exterminate child think of fall with Yi Tian, think be not is and not expensive also; Smooth however child its kiss bury thick, it is with place cheap the thing kisses also. " Xu Zi smooths with accusing child. Exterminate child say: " Confucianism person path, if ancient person keeps a newborn baby, is this character whatted is meant by also? think love does not have difference to wait, apply by close only then. " Xu Zi in order to accuse a Mencius. The Mencius says: " does the husband smooth child the letter kisses its elder brother with what be a person child if kiss a newborn baby of its adjacent,be? Those has take Er also. A newborn baby is procumbent will enter a well, the blame that is not a newborn baby also. And the biology of the day also, make one of this, and exterminate child 2 reason also. The world on the lid is tasted have not the person that its kiss bury, its die in person, be lifted and appoint Yu He. Pass the other day, the fox feeds, of suck of aunt of fly buffalo gnat. Its forehead have , look askance and do not inspect. Husband also, be not humanness , the center is amounted to at appearance, the lid returns turn over of} of { Shu Mi and of attack by surprise. Of attack by surprise sincere be also, criterion its kiss the attack by surprise of person of dutiful son benevolence, yibi has. " Xu Zi smooths with accusing child. Exterminate child Wu is like that say: " of the life. " |
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