孟子(滕文公章句下)_书
章节: | 孟子(滕文公章句下) |
书名: | 书 |
类目: | 经部 |
原作者: | 孟子及其弟子 |
朝代: | |
写作年代: | 约公元前102年 至 公元后862年 |
视频: | 孟子(滕文公章句下)_书 |
音频: | 孟子(滕文公章句下)_书 |
新国学: | 否 |
孟子曰:「昔齐景公田,招虞人以旌不至,将杀之。志士不忘在沟壑,勇士不忘丧其元。孔子奚取焉?取非其招不往也。如不待其招而往,何哉?且夫枉尺而直寻者以利言也。如以利,则枉寻直尺而利,亦可为与?昔者赵简子使王良与嬖奚乘,终日而不获一禽。嬖奚反命曰:『天下之贱工也。』或以告王良。良曰:『请复之。』强而后可,一朝而获十禽。嬖奚反命曰:『天下之良工也。』简子曰:『我使掌与女乘。』谓王良。良不可,曰:『吾为之范我弛驱,终日不获一;为之诡遇,一朝而获十。诗云:「不失其驰。舍矢如破。」我不贯与小人乘,请辞。』御者且羞与射者比;比而得禽兽,虽若丘陵,弗为也。如枉道而从彼,何也?且子过矣;枉己者,未有能直人者也。」
景春曰:「公孙衍、张仪岂不诚大丈夫哉?一怒而诸侯惧,安居而天下熄。」
孟子曰:「是焉得为大丈夫乎?子未学礼乎?丈夫之冠也,父命之;女子之嫁也,母命之,往送之门,戒之曰:『往之女家,必敬必戒,无违夫子!』以顺为正者,妾妇之道也。居天下之广居,立天下之正位,行天下之大道;得志,与民由之;不得志,独行其道。富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈,此之谓大丈夫。」
周霄问曰:「古之君子仕乎?」
孟子曰:「仕。传曰:『孔子三月无君,则皇皇如也,出疆必载质。』公明仪曰:『古之人三月无君,则吊。』」
「三月无君则吊,不以急乎?」
曰:「士之失位也,犹诸侯之失国家也。礼曰:『诸侯耕助以供粢盛;夫人蚕缫,以为衣服。牺牲不成,粢盛不絜,衣服不备,不敢以祭。惟士无田,则亦不祭。』牲杀、器皿、衣服不备,不敢以祭,则不敢以宴,亦不足吊乎?」
「出疆必载质,何也?」
曰:「士之仕也,犹农夫之耕也;农夫岂为出疆舍其耒耜哉?」
曰:「晋国亦仕国也,未尝闻仕如此其急。仕如此其急也,君子之难仕,何也?」曰:「丈夫生而愿为之有室,女子生而愿为之有家;父母之心,人皆有之。不待父母之命、媒妁之言,钻穴隙相窥,逾墙相从,则父母国人皆践之。古之人未尝不欲仕也,又恶不由其道。不由其道而往者,与钻穴隙之类也。」
彭更问曰:「后车数十乘,从者数百人,以传食于诸侯,不以泰乎?」
孟子曰:「非其道,则一箪食不可受于人;如其道,则舜受尧之天下,不以为泰,子以为泰乎?」
曰:「否,士无事而食,不可也。」
曰:「子不通功易事,以羡补不足,则农有馀粟,女有馀布;子如通之,则梓匠轮舆皆得食于子。于此有人焉,入则孝,出则悌,守先王之道,以待后之学者,而不得食于子;子何尊梓匠轮舆而轻为仁义者哉?」
曰:「梓匠轮舆,其志将以求食也;君子之为道也,其志亦将以求食与?」
曰:「子何以其志为哉?其有功于子,可食而食之矣。且子食志乎?食功乎?」
曰:「食志。」
曰:「有人于此,毁瓦画墁,其志将以求食也,则子食之乎?」
曰:「否。」
曰:「然则子非食志也,食功也。」
万章问曰:「宋,小国也;今将行王政,齐楚恶而伐之,则如之何?」
孟子曰:「汤居亳,与葛为邻,葛伯放而不祀。汤使人问之曰:『何为不祀?』曰:『无以供牺牲也。』汤使遗之牛羊。葛伯食之,又不以祀。汤又使人问之曰:『何为不祀?』曰:『无以供粢盛也。』汤使亳众往为之耕,老弱馈食。葛伯率其民,要其有酒食黍稻者夺之,不授者杀之。有童子以黍肉饷,杀而夺之。《书》曰:『葛伯仇饷。』此之谓也。为其杀是童子而征之,四海之内皆曰:『非富天下也,为匹夫匹妇复仇也。』『汤始征,自葛载』,十一征而无敌于天下。东面而征,西夷怨;南面而征,北狄怨,曰『奚为后我?』民之望之,若大旱之望雨也。归市者弗止,芸者不变,诛其君,吊其民,如时雨降。民大悦。书曰:『徯我后,后来其无罚!』『有攸不惟臣,东征,绥厥士女,篚厥玄黄,绍我周王见休,惟臣附于大邑周。』其君子实玄黄于篚以迎其君子,其小人箪食壶浆以迎其小人;救民于水火之中,取其残而已矣。《太誓》曰:『我武惟扬,侵于之疆,则取于残,杀伐用张,于汤有光。』不行王政云尔;苟行王政,四海之内皆举首而望之,欲以为君;齐楚虽大,何畏焉?」
孟子谓戴不胜曰:「子欲子之王之善与?我明告子。有楚大夫于此,欲其子之齐语也,则使齐人傅诸。使楚人傅诸?」
曰:「使齐人傅之。」
曰:「一齐人傅之,众楚人咻之,虽日挞而求其齐也,不可得矣;引而置之庄岳之间数年,虽日挞而求其楚,亦不可得矣。子谓薛居州善士也,使之居于王所。在于王所者,长幼卑尊皆薛居州也,王谁与为不善?在王所者,长幼卑尊皆非薛居州也,王谁与为善?一薛居州,独如宋王何?」
公孙丑问曰:「不见诸侯何义?」
孟子曰:「古者不为臣不见。段干木逾垣而避之,泄柳闭门而不纳,是皆已甚;迫,斯可以见矣。阳货欲见孔子而恶无礼,大夫有赐于士,不得受于其家,则往拜其门。阳货瞰孔子之亡也,而馈孔子蒸豚;孔子亦瞰其亡也,而往拜之。当是时,阳货先,岂得不见?曾子曰:『胁肩谄笑,病于夏畦。』子路曰:『未同而言,观其色赧赧然,非由之所知也。』由是观之,则君子之所养,可知已矣。」
戴盈之曰:「什一,去关市之征,今兹未能,请轻之,以待来年,然后已,何如?」
孟子曰:「今有人日攘其邻之鸡者,或告之曰:『是非君子之道。』曰:『请损之,月攘一鸡,以待来年,然后已。』如知其非义,斯速已矣,何待来年?」
公都子曰:「外人皆称夫子好辩,敢问何也?」
孟子曰:「予岂好辩哉?予不得已也。天下之生久矣,一治一乱。当尧之时,水逆行,泛滥于中国,蛇龙居之,民无所定。下者为巢,上者为营窟。《书》曰:『洚水警余。』洚水者,洪水也。使禹治之。禹掘地而注之海,驱蛇龙而放之菹;水由地中行,江、淮、河、汉是也。险阻既远,鸟兽之害人者消,然后人得平土而居之。
「尧舜既没,圣人之道衰,暴君代作,坏宫室以为汙池,民无所安息;弃田以为园囿,使民不得衣食。邪说暴行又作,园囿、汙池、沛泽多而禽兽至。及纣之身,天下又大乱。周公相武王诛纣,伐奄三年讨其君,驱飞廉于海隅而戮之,灭国者五十,驱虎、豹、犀、象而远之,天下大悦。书曰:『丕显哉,文王谟!丕承者,武王烈!佑启我后人,咸以正无缺。』
「世衰道微,邪说暴行有作,臣弑其君者有之,子弑其父者有之。孔子惧,作《春秋》。《春秋》,天子之事也;是故孔子曰:『知我者其惟《春秋》乎!罪我者其惟《春秋》乎!』
「圣王不作,诸侯放恣,处士横议,杨硃、墨翟之言盈天下。天下之言不归杨,则归墨。杨氏为我,是无君也;墨氏兼爱,是无父也。无父无君,是禽兽也。公明仪曰:『庖有肥肉,厩有肥马;民有饥色,野有饿莩,此率兽而食人也。』杨墨之道不息,孔子之道不着,是邪说诬民,充塞仁义也。仁义充塞,则率兽食人,人将相食。吾为此惧,闲先圣之道,距杨墨,放淫辞,邪说者不得作。作于其心,害于其事;作于其事,害于其玫。圣人复起,不易吾言矣。
「昔者禹抑洪水而天下平,周公兼夷狄,驱猛兽而百姓宁,孔子成《春秋》而乱臣贼子惧。《诗》云:『戎狄是膺,荆舒是惩,则莫我敢承。』无父无君,是周公所膺也。我亦欲正人心,息邪说,距跛行,放淫辞,以承三圣者;岂好辩哉?予不得已也。能言距杨墨者,圣人之徒也。」
匡章曰:「陈仲子岂不诚廉士哉?居于陵,三日不食,耳无闻,目无见也。井上有李,螬食实者过半矣,匍匐往,将食之;三咽,然后耳有闻,目有见。」
孟子曰:「于齐国之士,吾必以仲子为巨擘焉。虽然,仲子恶能廉?充仲子之操,则蚓而后可者也。夫蚓,上食槁壤,下饮黄泉。仲子所居之室,伯夷之所筑与?抑亦盗跖之所筑与?所食之粟,伯夷之所树与?抑亦盗跖之所树与?是未可知也。」
曰:「是何伤哉?彼身织屦,妻辟纑,以易之也。」
曰:「仲子,齐之世家也;兄戴,盖禄万钟,以兄之禄为不义之禄而不食也,以兄之室为不义之室而不居也,辟兄离母,处于于陵。他日归,则有馈其兄生鹅者,己频<戚页>曰:『恶用是鶂鶂者为哉?』他日,其母杀是鹅也,与之食之。其兄自外至,曰:『是鶂鶂之肉也。』出而哇之。以母则不食,以妻则食之;以兄之室则弗居,以于陵则居之,是尚为能充其类也乎?若仲子者,蚓而后充其操者也。」
Mencius (below Teng article fair chapters) _ book New Sinology Chapter: Mencius (below Teng article fair chapters) New Sinology BookName: Book New Sinology Catalog: Classics department New Sinology Content: Chen Dai says: " disappear vassal, if appropriate is small like that; See today, big with king, small with bully. And records says: "Crooked feet and search continuously " , if appropriate can is also. " The Mencius says: " Xi Qijing fair cropland, the person that enrol anxiety does not come with an ancient type of banner hoisted on a featherdecked mast, will kill. Person of ideals and integrity does not forget to be in gully, trojan does not forget funeral its yuan. Why does Confucius take Yan? Take be not its action to be not gone to also. Like prep before its are enrolled and go to, he Zai? And husband crooked feet and the person that search continuously with benefit character also. Be like with benefit, criterion crooked searchs straightedge and benefit, yi Ke is with? Former times person Zhao Jian Zi makes why Wang Liang and Bi are multiplied, all day and do not obtain one birds. Why does Bi turn over a life to say: "The cheap of the world is versed in also. " or in order to accuse Wang Liang. Fine says: "Please answer. " strong after that but, in one day and obtain 10 birds. Why does Bi turn over a life to say: "The fine of the world is versed in also. " Jian Zi says: "I make palm and female by. " call Wang Liang. Fine cannot, say: "I does it Fan Wochi drive, do not obtain all day one; Weir for it encounter, in one day and obtain 10. Shi Yun: " do not break its gallop. If defeat,abandon arrow. " I do not a string of 1000 cash to be multiplied with Lilliputian, ask decline. " drive person and be ashamed is compared with the person that shoot; Compare and get birds and beasts, although be like upland, not for also. Like crooked and from those, he Ye? And child pass; Crooked oneself person, the person that have no can straight person also. " Jing Chun says: " a surname develop, Zhang Yi not sincere v/arc true man? One angry and vassal dread, how be resided and the world extinguish. " The Mencius says: " be Yan must be v/arc true man? Child did not learn a ceremony? Marital coronal also, of father life; Of the woman marry also, of mother life, toward sent door, of Buddhist monastic discipline say: "The bride's side that go to, surely Jing Bijie, without violate a master! " it is in order to arrange person, the path of concubine Fu also. Reside the wide house of the world, establish the world, the highway of travel the world; Achieve one's ambition, with civilian by; Must not annals, go alone its. Riches and honour cannot excessive, poor and lowly cannot move, martial cannot bend, this call v/arc true man. " Zhou Xiao asks: " ancient gentleman be an official? " The Mencius says: " be an official. Pass: "Confucius did not have gentleman in March, criterion emperor emperor if also, piece border carry surely qualitative. " Gong Mingyi says: "Ancient person did not have gentleman in March, a string of 1. " " " aed string of 1 without gentleman in March, not with urgent? " Say: " person break also, still lose a country vassally also. The ceremony says: "Vassal aid n cultivated land fill in order to offer Zi; Madam silkworm reel silk from cocoons, think the dress. Sacrifice won'ts do, zi is filled not Jian , the dress is unprepared, not dare with hold a memorial ceremony for. Alone person does not have cropland, criterion also not hold a memorial ceremony for. " animal sacrifice is killed, household utensils, dress is unprepared, not dare with hold a memorial ceremony for, criterion not dare with the banquet, be also not worth condole? " " piece border carry surely qualitative, he Ye? " Say: " person be an official also, still of farmer agrarian also; Farmer is piece border abandon its Lei a spade-shaped farm tool used in ancient China? " Say: " country of Jin Guoyi be an official also, have not hear be an official such its are urgent. Be an official is such its are urgent also, the difficult be an official of gentleman, he Ye? " say: " the husband is born and wish to have for it room, the woman is born and wish to have the home for it; Parental heart, the person all has. The character of Shuo of the life of prep before parents, intermediary, get acupuncture point unoccupied place photograph to peep, look of even more fence from, criterion parental compatriots all of carry out. Ancient person have not not desire be an official also, evil by its. The person that be not by its and go to, with get acupuncture point unoccupied place and so on also. " Peng Gengwen says: " hind car tens of multiplying, follower hundreds person, feed in order to pass at vassal, not with peaceful? " The Mencius says: " be not its to, a bamboo utensil for holding cooked rice feed cannot suffer at the person; If path, criterion Shun Shouyao's the world, do not think peaceful, child think peaceful? " Say: " deny, person do not have a thing and feed, cannot also. " Say: " child be illogical work easy work, with admiring filling inadequacy, criterion Nong Youyu millet, female cloth having Yu; Child like what connect, criterion catalpa artisan annulus area all must feed Yu Zi. Hereat somebody Yan, enter a filial piety, go out to love and respect for his elder brother, defend first the path of king, in order to need the learned man after, and must not feed Yu Zi; Child He Zunzi artisan annulus the person that be carriage and Ren Yi gently? " Say: " catalpa artisan annulus area, its annals feeds in an attempt to also; Of gentleman it is also, does its annals also feed in an attempt to with? " Say: " child why its annals is? Its deserve well of child, can be fed and feed. And child feed keep in mind? Feed result? " Say: " feed keep in mind. " Say: " somebody hereat, destroy tile to draw Man, its annals feeds in an attempt to also, criterion child those who feed? " Say: " deny. " Say: " in that case child blame feed keep in mind also, feed result also. " 10 thousand chapters ask: " the Song Dynasty, xiaoguo also; Will go today Wang Zheng, neat and smart is evil and of cut down, be like why? " The Mencius says: " Shang Ju Bo, with Ge Weilin, gebai is put and do not offer sacrifices to. Soup makes the person asks say: "Is He Wei offerred sacrifices to? " say: "Without sacrifice in order to offer also. " the flocks and herds that soup makes offer as a gift. Ge Bai feeds, not in order to offer sacrifices to. Shang You makes the person asks say: "Is He Wei offerred sacrifices to? " say: "Without in order to offer Zi Cheng Ye. " soup makes Bo numerous toward plough for it, make a present of of the old and weak is fed. Ge Bai is led its civilian, want the person that its have rice of millet of food and drink to seize, the person that do not award kills. Have boy with millet flesh pay, kill and seize. " book " say: "Ge Baichou pay. " this call also. Be its to kill is boy and ask for, all say in the four seas: "Be not rich the world also, for ordinary man be equal to Fu is avenged also. " " Shang Shizheng, carry from arrowroot " , 11 ask for and fall at the day invincibly. The east and proof, xi Yi is complained; South and proof, boreal surname is complained, say " after Xi Wei I? " civilian look, the Wang Yu that is like big drought also. Communalize person not stop, yun person changeless, kill its gentleman, condole its civilian, if Shi Yu falls. Civilian exultation. The book says: " my hind, its are not had later punish! " " have remote official notting only, dong Zheng, peaceful faint young men and women, fei faint Xuan Huang, my week king sees carry on cease, alone official is added at big city week. " Fei of black Huang Yu of its gentleman fact in order to greet its gentleman, its Lilliputian welcome with food and drink as person of low position with greeting its; Save civilian at extreme misery in, take its damage just. " too oath " say: "My Wu Weiyang, invade Yu Zhijiang, take at incomplete, kill cut down to use piece, at Shang Youguang. " be no good Wang Zhengyun Er; Careless travel Wang Zheng, all lift in the four seas head and look, be about to think gentleman; Although neat and smart is big, he Wei Yan? " The Mencius calls say deeply: " child desire child Wang Zhishan and? My bright is accused child. Doctor having Hunan hereat, desire its child Qi Yu also, make neat person Fu Zhu. Make Hunan person Fu Zhu? " Say: " make of neat person teach. " Say: " simultaneously of person teach, numerous Hunan person is ping, although day flogs and beg its Qi Ye, cannot be gotten; Bring and count between the Zhuang Yue of buy year, although day flogs and beg its Hunan, also cannot be gotten. Child call Xue Juzhou be apt to person also, make be on Wang Suo. The person that depend on Wang Suo, grow young low honour all Xue Juzhou also, king who and for not to be pooh-poohed? In Wang Suo person, grow young low honour all be not Xue Juzhou also, king who and for be apt to? One Xue ranks a state, be like Wang He of the Song Dynasty alone? " A surname is ugly ask: " do not see vassal He Yi? " The Mencius says: " ancient person do not disappear for me. Duan Ganmu evens more to wall and avoid, discharge willow closes the door and not accept, be all already very; Approach, this can see. In relief goods is about to see Confucius and evil inurbane, the doctor has grant at person, must not suffer at its home, go to do obeisance to its door. Of Confucius of overlook of in relief goods die also, and pig of evaporate of Confucius of make a present of; Confucius also overlook its die also, and toward what do obeisance to. Should be when, in relief goods first, must disappear? Ceng Zi says: "Cringe obesequiously, ill Yu Xiaqi. " child the way says: "Was the same as and character, watch its color blushing to blushing, blame by be known also. " by it is of view, criterion the place of gentleman is raised, knowable already. " Of Dai Ying say: " assorted one, go to those who shut city asking for, this today fail, please light, in order to need the coming year, next already, how about? " The Mencius says: " today somebody day rejects the chicken of its adjacent person, or those who accuse say: "The path of dispute gentleman. " say: "Those who ask damage, the month rejects one chicken, in order to need the coming year, next already. " if know its blame justice, this fast already, why to need the coming year? " Fair child say: " alien all says the master is argumentative, dare ask He Ye? " The Mencius says: " grant argumentative? Grant act against one's will also. Of the world unripe long, treat one chaos. When Yao Zhi, water retrograde motion, flush at China, anguine dragon resides, civilian decide without place. The person that fall is mew, the person that go up is battalion hole. " book " say: "Jiang water alarm beyond. " Jiang water person, the flood also. Make the reputed founder of the Ix Dynasty is treated. The reputed founder of the Ix Dynasty is fossorial and the lake that fix, drive snake dragon and put Zu; Water by the travel in the ground, river, the Huaihe River, river, Chinese be also. Dangerous and difficult road already far, birds and beasts disappear of the person that kill a person, the person must make the same score earth and reside next. " Yao and Shun is done not have already, the sage's path declines, oppressor takes the place of, bad palace room thinks pool, civilian rest without place; Abandon cropland to think garden animals farm, make civilian do not get back and belly. Fallacy violence is made again, pool of garden animal farm, , abundant lustre is much and birds and beasts comes. Reach the body of name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant, the world big chaos. Name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant of kill of king of Zhou Gongxiang fierce, cut down cover denounces its gentleman 3 years, drive flies to what cheap unites at Hai Yu, destroy country person 50, drive tiger, leopard, rhinoceros, far like, the world exultation. The book says: "Big show, wen Wangmo! Big bear person, wu Wanglie! Bless opens my later generations, xian Yizheng is not had be short of. Xian Yizheng is not had be short of.. " world Cui Daowei, fallacy violence has, I murder its gentleman person have, child murder its father person have. Confucius dread, make " age " . " age " , the thing of the emperor also; Hereat Confucius says: "The person that know me its but " age " ! Blame me person its but " age " ! Blame me person its but " age " !! " holy king is not made, vassal put throw off restraint, place person horizontal stroke is discussed, poplar the character of Chang , Mo Di is filled with the world. The character of the world does not return poplar, put in Chinese ink 's charge. Yang is me, it is not to have gentleman also; Chinese ink family name holds love concurrently, it is not to have father also. Do not have gentleman without father, it is birds and beasts also. Gong Mingyi says: "Cook has fat, stable has fat horse; Civilian color having crop failure, wild Fu having hunger, this leads animal and maneating also. " Yang Mo's path does not cease, the path of Confucius is not worn, it is fallacy accuse falsely civilian, congest Ren Yi also. Ren Yi congest, lead animal maneating, the person will be fed. I is this dread, idle Xian Shengzhi, be apart from Yang Mo, put excessive decline, fallacy person must not make. Make Yu Jixin, kill at its thing; Make at its thing, kill Yu Jimei. Sage answer rises, not easy my character. " former times person Yu Yihong water and the world is smooth, zhou Gong holds exterminate surname concurrently, drive beast of prey and common people is peaceful, confucius is become " age " and random official thief child dread. " poem " the cloud: "Rong Di is bear, jing Shu is punish, criterion not me dare bear. " do not have gentleman without father, it is week of public place bear also. Popular feeling of my Yi Yuzheng, breath fallacy, be apart from gammy, put excessive decline, with Cheng Sansheng person; argumentative? Grant act against one's will also. Can the person that character is apart from Yang Mo, the sage's apprentice also. " Kuang Zhang says: " old Zhong Ziqi not sincere Lian Shizai? Be on hill, 3 days are not fed, ear is not had hear, eye is not had see also. Have on the well plum, cao is fed solid person over- half, procumbent toward, will feed; 3 pharynx, next ear has hear, eye has see. " The Mencius says: " of Yu Qiguo person, I is thumb Yan with Zhong Zi surely. Although, is Zhong Zi evil can cheap? Fill Zhong Zizhi to hold, criterion Yin after that but person also. Husband Yin, withered soil is fed on, issue drink Acheron. The room that Zhong Zi resides, is Bai Yi's place built with? Curb also is the place of pilfer Zhi built with? The millet that feeds, place tree of Bai Yi and? Curb also the place tree of pilfer Zhi and? It is not knowable also. " Say: " be why to be hurt? Those body knits Ju, wife monarch Kui , with Yi Zhi also. " Say: " Zhong Zi, neat old and well-known family also; Elder brother is worn, build Lu Mozhong, the salary with elder brother is disloyal salary and do not feed also, the room with elder brother is disloyal room and do not reside also, monarch elder brother leaves a parent, be in Yu Ling. Return the other day, have make a present of the person that its elder brother gives birth to goose, qi Ye of personal frequency < > say: "Evil is using Zuo Zuo person be? " the other day, its mother is killed is goose also, feed to it. Its elder brother from outside to, say: "The flesh that is Zuo Zuo also. " go out and. Do not feed with the mother, with wife feed; The room with elder brother nots house, reside with Yu Ling, be to still be can you fill its kind also? The person that be like Zhong Zi, the person that Yin fills his to hold after that also. " |
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