孟子(万章章句下)_康诰
章节: | 孟子(万章章句下) |
书名: | 康诰 |
类目: | 经部 |
原作者: | 孟子及其弟子 |
朝代: | |
写作年代: | 约公元前-490年 至 公元后1081年 |
视频: | 孟子(万章章句下)_康诰 |
音频: | 孟子(万章章句下)_康诰 |
新国学: | 否 |
「伊尹曰:『何事非君?何使非民?』治亦进,乱亦进,曰:『天之生斯民也,使先知觉后知,使先觉觉后觉。予,天民之先觉者也。予将以此道觉此民也。』思天下之民匹夫匹妇有不与被尧舜之泽者,若己推而内之沟中其自任以天下之重也。
「柳下惠不羞汙君,不辞小官。进不隐贤,必以其道。遗佚而不怨,厄穷而不悯。与乡人处,由由然不忍去也。『尔为尔,我为我,虽袒裼裸裎于我侧,尔焉能浼我哉?』故闻柳下惠之风者,鄙夫宽,薄夫敦。
「孔子之去齐,接淅而行;去鲁,曰:『迟迟吾行也,去父母国之道也。』可以速而速,可以久而久,可以处而处,可以仕而仕,孔子也。」
孟子曰:「伯夷,圣之清者也;伊尹,圣之任者也。柳下惠,圣之和者也;孔子,圣之时者也。孔子之谓集大成。集大成也者,金声而玉振之也。金声也者,始条理也。玉振之也者,终条理也,始条理者,智之事也。终条理者,圣之事也。智,譬则巧也;圣,譬则力也。由射于百步之外也,其至,尔力也;其中,非尔力也。」北宫錡问曰:「周室班爵禄也,如之何?」
孟子曰:「其详不可得闻也,诸侯恶其害己也,而皆去其籍;然而轲也尝闻其略也。天子一位,公一位,侯一位,伯一位,子、男同一位,凡五等也。君一位,卿一位,大夫一位,上士一位,中士一位,下士一位,凡六等。天子之制,地方千里,公侯皆方百里,伯七十里,子、男五十里,凡四等。不能五十里,不达于天子,附于诸侯,曰附庸。天子之卿受地视侯,大夫受地视伯,元士受地视子、男。大国地方百里,君十卿禄,卿禄,四大夫,大夫倍上士,上士倍中士,中士倍下士,下士与庶人在官者同禄,禄足以代其耕也。次国地方七十里,君十卿禄,卿禄三大夫,大夫倍上士,上士倍中士,中士倍下士,下士与庶人在官者同禄,禄足以代其耕也。小国地方五十里,君十卿禄,卿禄二大夫,大夫倍上士,上士部中士,中士倍下士,下士与庶人在官者同禄,禄足以代其耕也。耕者之所获,一夫百亩;百亩之粪,上农夫食九人,上次食八人,中食七人,中次食六人,下食五人。庶人在官者,其禄以是为差。」
万章问曰:「敢问友。」
孟子曰:「不挟长,不挟贵,不挟兄弟而友。友也者,友其德也,不可以有挟也。孟献子,百乘之家也,有友五人焉:乐正裘,牧仲,其三人,则予忘之矣。献子之与此五人者友也,无献子之家者也。此五人者,亦有献子之家,则不与之友矣。非惟百乘之家为然也,虽小国之君亦有之。费惠公曰:『吾于子思,则师之矣;吾于颜般,则友之矣;王顺、长息则事我者也。』非惟小国之君为然也,虽大国之君亦有之。晋平公之于亥唐也,入云则入,坐云则坐,食云则食;虽蔬食菜羹,未尝不饱,盖不敢不饱也。然终于此而已矣。弗与共天位也,弗与治天职也,弗与食天禄也,士之尊贤者也,非王公之尊贤也。舜尚见帝,帝馆甥于贰室,亦飨舜,迭为宾主,是天子而友匹夫也。用下敬上,谓之贵贵;用上敬下,谓之尊贤。贵贵尊贤,其义一也。」
万章问曰:「敢问交际何心也?」
孟子曰:「恭也。」
曰:「『却之却之为不恭』,何哉?」
曰:「尊者赐之,曰:『其所取之者义乎,不义乎?』而后受之,以是为不恭,故弗却也。」
曰:「请无以辞却之,以心却之。曰:『其取诸民之不义也』而以他辞无受,不可乎?」
曰:「其交也以道,其接也以礼,斯孔子受之矣。」
万章曰:「今有御人于国门之外者,其交也以道,其馈也以礼,斯可受御与?」
曰:「不可;《康诰》曰:『杀越人于货,闵不畏死,凡民罔不譈。』是不待教而诛者也。殷受夏,周受殷,所不辞也;于今为烈,如之何其受之?」
曰:「今之诸侯取之于民也,犹御也。苟善其礼际矣,斯君子受之,敢问何说也?」
曰:「子以为有王者作,将比今之诸侯而诛之乎?其教之不改而后诛之乎?夫谓非其有而取之者盗也,充类至义之尽也。孔子之仕于鲁也,鲁人猎较,孔子亦猎较。猎较犹可,而况受其赐乎?」
曰:「然则孔子之仕也,非事道与?」
曰:「事道也。」
「事道奚猎较也?」
曰:「孔子先簿正祭器,不以四方之食供簿正。」
曰:「奚不去也?」
曰:为之兆也。兆足以行矣,而不行,而后去,是以未尝有所终三年淹也。孔子有见行可之仕,有际可之仕,有公养之仕。于季桓子,见行可之仕也;于卫灵公,际可之仕也;于卫孝公,公养之仕也。」
孟子曰:「仕非为贫也,而有时乎为贫;娶妻非为养也,而有时乎为养。为贫者,辞尊居卑,辞富居贫。辞尊居卑,辞富居贫,恶乎宜乎?抱关击柝,孔子尝为委吏矣,曰:『会计当而已矣。』尝为乘田矣,曰:『牛羊茁壮长而已矣。』位卑而言高,罪也;立乎人之本朝,而道不行,耻也。」
万章曰:「士之不托诸侯,何也?」
孟子曰:』不敢也。诸侯失国,而后托于诸侯,礼也;士之托于诸侯,非礼也。」
万章曰:「君馈之粟,则受之乎?」
曰:「受之。」
「受之何义也?」
曰:「君之于氓也,固周之。」
曰:「周之则受,赐之则不受,何也?」
曰:「不敢也。」
曰:「敢问其不敢何也?」
曰:「抱关击柝者皆有常职以食于上。无常职而赐于上者,以为不恭也。」
曰:「君馈之,则受之,不识可常继乎?」
曰:「缪公之于子思也,亟问,亟馈鼎肉。子思不悦。于卒也,摽使者出诸大门之外,北面稽首再拜而不受,曰:『今而后知君之犬成畜伋。』盖自是台无馈也。悦贤不能举,又不能养也,可谓悦贤乎?」
曰:「敢问国君欲养君子,如何斯可谓养矣?」
曰:「以君命将之,再拜稽首而受。其后廪人继粟,包人继肉,不以君命将之。子思以为鼎肉使己仆仆尔亟拜也,非养君子之道也。尧之于舜也,使其子九男事之,二女女焉,百官牛羊仓廪备,以养舜于畎亩之中,后举而加诸上位,故曰,王公之尊贤者也。」
万章曰:「敢问不见诸侯,何义也?」
孟子曰:「在国曰市井之臣,在野曰草莽之臣,皆谓庶人。庶人有传质为臣,不敢见于诸侯,礼也。」
万章曰:「庶人,召之役,则往役;君欲见之,召之,则不往见之,何也?」
曰:「往役,义也;往见,不义也。且君之欲见之也,何为也哉?」
曰:「为其多闻也,为其贤也。」
曰:「为其多闻也,则天子不召师,而况诸侯乎?为其贤也,则吾未闻欲见贤而召之也。缪公亟见于子思,曰:『古千乘之国以友士,何如?』子思不悦,曰:『古之人有言曰,事之云乎,岂曰友之云乎?』子思之不悦也,岂不曰:『以位,则子,君也;我,臣也;何敢与君友也?以德,则子事我者也,奚可以与我友?』千乘之君求与之友而不可得也,而况可召与?齐景公田,招虞人以旌,不至,将杀之。志士不忘在沟壑,勇士不忘丧其元。孔子奚取焉?取非其招不往也。」
曰:「敢问招虞人何以?」
曰:「以皮冠,庶人以旃,士以旗,大夫以旌。以大夫之招招虞人,虞人死不敢往;以士之招招庶人,庶人岂敢往哉?况乎以不贤人之招招贤人乎?欲见贤人而不以其道,犹欲其入而闭之门也。夫义,路也;礼,门也。惟君子能由是路,出入是门也。《诗》去:『周道如底,其直如矢;君子所履,小人所视。』」
万章曰:「孔子,君命召,不俟驾而行;然则孔子非与?」
曰:「孔子当仕有官职,而以其官召之也。」
孟子谓万章曰:「一乡之善士斯友一乡之善士,一国之善士斯友一国之善士,天下之善士斯友天下之善士。以友天下之善士为未足,又尚论古之人。颂其诗,读其书,不知其人,可乎?是以论其世也。是尚友也。」
齐宣王问卿。孟子曰:「王何卿之问也?」」
王曰:「卿不同乎?」
曰:「不同;不贵戚之卿,有异姓之卿。」
王曰:「请问贵戚之卿。」
曰:「君有大过则谏;反覆之而不听,则易位。」
王勃然变乎色。
曰:「王勿异也。王问臣,臣不敢不以正对。」
王色定,然后请问异性之卿。
曰:「君有过则谏,反覆之而不听,则去。」
Mencius (below chapters of 10 thousand chapters) _ Kang Gao New Sinology Chapter: Mencius (below chapters of 10 thousand chapters) New Sinology BookName: Kang Gao New Sinology Catalog: Classics department New Sinology Content: The Mencius says: " Bai Yi, eye does not look evil look, ear does not listen evil sound. Be not its gentleman, not thing; Blame its civilian, do not make. Treat enter, retreat in disorder. The place of horizontal stroke politics goes out, the place of horizontal stroke civilian stops, cannot bear house also. Think of be in with countryside person, if with Chao Yichao the coronal sits at great suffering also. When name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant when, reside the North sea bank, in order to wait for the Qing Dynasty of the world also. The person that reason sniffs Bai Yi's wind, dense husband cheap, craven has aspire. " Yi Yin says: "Mr He Shifei? Why to make be not civilian? " treat Yi Jin, random Yi Jin, say: "Tian Zhisheng this civilian also, make know after consciousness first, make after becoming aware, become aware first. Grant, the person become aware first of day civilian also. Grant to will become aware with this this civilian also. " think the world civilian ordinary man be equal to Fu has not with by Yao and Shun lustre person, if oneself push and what its fall from Ren Yitian in the channel inside is heavy also. " Liu Xiahui not be ashamed Mr , not demit young officer. Enter not concealed virtuous, with its surely. Comfort of involuntary discharge of urine and do not complain, be stranded is poor and do not sorrow. With countryside person place, by by cannot bear like that go also. "Er is Er, I am me, although leave uncovered Ti is naked Cheng at my side, er Yan can Mei I? " the person that reason sniffs Liu Xiahui's wind, low husband is wide, baofudui. " of Confucius go neat, receive wash rice and go; Go rash, say: "Tardy I also, go the path of parental country also. " can fast and fast, can long and long, can be in and be in, can Shi Ershi, confucius also. " The Mencius says: " Bai Yi, holy Qing Dynasty person also; Yi Yin, the person of emperor that allow also. Liu Xiahui, holy the sum person also; Confucius, emperor when person also. Of Confucius call be a comprehensive expression of. Be a comprehensive expression of also person, jin Sheng and Yu Zhenzhi also. Jin Sheng also person, only then consecution also. Yu Zhenzhi also person, eventually consecution also, only then consecution person, wisdom thing also. Eventually consecution person, holy thing also. Wisdom, example is artful also; Emperor, example criterion force also. By shoot at 100 paces besides also, its come, er force also; Among them, the force that be not Er also. " boreal palace Zuo asks: " salary of the rank of nobility of week room class also, be like why? " The Mencius says: " its detailed cannot be gotten hear also, vassal evil its are killed oneself also, and all go its book; However carriage also taste Wen Jilue also. The emperor, fair, hou Yi, uncle, child, male same, every 5 wait also. Gentleman, qing Yi, doctor, staff Sergeant, sergeant, corporal, every 6 wait. Of the emperor make, local a thousand li, a hunderd li of fair Hou Jiefang, uncle 70 lis, child, male 50 lis, every 4 wait. Cannot 50 lis, do not amount to at the emperor, add at vassal, say appendage. Of the emperor dear suffer the ground to inspect Hou, the doctor suffers the ground to inspect uncle, yuan person suffer the ground to inspect child, male. Big country local a hunderd li, jun Shiqing salary, qing Lu, 4 doctors, doctor times Staff Sergeant, staff Sergeant times sergeant, sergeant times corporal, corporal and person of be the concubine are in official person with salary, salary enough Dai Jigeng also. Second country place 70 lis, jun Shiqing salary, qing Lu 3 doctors, doctor times Staff Sergeant, staff Sergeant times sergeant, sergeant times corporal, corporal and person of be the concubine are in official person with salary, salary enough Dai Jigeng also. Xiaoguo place 50 lis, jun Shiqing salary, qing Lu 2 doctors, doctor times Staff Sergeant, sergeant of Staff Sergeant ministry, sergeant times corporal, corporal and person of be the concubine are in official person with salary, salary enough Dai Jigeng also. The place of cultivator is obtained, one husband 100 mus; 100 mus dung, farmer feeds 9 people on, feed 8 people last, 7 people are fed in, in second feed 6 people, 5 people are fed below. Person of be the concubine is in official person, its salary it is difference in order to be. " 10 thousand chapters ask: " dare ask friend. " The Mencius says: " not hold something under the arm is long, not nip is expensive, not nip brother and friendly. Friendly also person, friendly its heart also, can not have hold something under the arm also. Meng Xian child, 100 the home that take also, have friend 5 people Yan: Le Zhengqiu, mu Zhong, thirdly person, grant to forget. Display child with this 5 people person friendly also, without display child person also. This 5 people person, yi Youxian child, criterion not to it friendly. Blame alone 100 the home that take is like that also, although Xiaoguo's Jun Yi has. Fei Hui is fair say: "My Yu Zisai, criterion of division; Like my Yu Yan, friendly; King is suitable, long breath criterion thing I person also. " the Jun Weiran of the Xiaoguo that be not alone also, although big Guo Zhijun also has. Advance makes the same score fair Yuhai Tang Ye, enter into the cloud, sit the cloud sits, feed the cloud; Although a thick soup of cooked food dish, have not not full, build not dare not full also. Like that eventually this just. Not with in all day also, not with order bounden duty also, not with the salary that eat a day also, person honour virtuous person also, be not princes and dukes honour virtuous also. Shun still sees the Supreme Being, nephew of house of the Supreme Being at two room, also provide dinner for Shun, alternate is guest and host, it is the emperor and friendly ordinary man also. Use sincerely yours, those who call is expensive; Use respect below, call honour virtuous. Expensive Gui Zunxian, its justice one also. " 10 thousand chapters ask: " dare ask intercourse He Xin also? " The Mencius says: " respectful also. " Say: " " however however for disrespectful " , he Zai? " Say: " honour person those who grant, say: "What its take person justice, disloyal? " suffer after that, it is disrespectful in order to be, reason nots however also. " Say: " do not have please with demit however, with the heart however. Say: "What its take Zhumin is disloyal also " and with him demit is not had suffer, cannot? " Say: " its are handed in also in order to, its are received also with the ceremony, this Confucius suffers. " 10 thousand chapters say: " have drive person today at the country besides the door person, its are handed in also in order to, its make a present of also with the ceremony, this can you suffer drive and? " Say: " cannot; " Kang Gao " say: "Kill jump over a person at goods, min Buwei is dead, every civilian not not Zhu . " it is the person that prep before teachs and put to death also. Yan Shouxia, zhou Shouyan, not demit also; It is intense nowadays, the how that be like suffers? " Say: " today vassal take at civilian also, still drive also. Gou Shan its ceremony border, this gentleman suffers, dare ask why to say also? " Say: " child think Wang Zhe is made, will compare today vassal and of kill? Its teach do not change to put to death after that? The husband calls pilfer of the person that be not what its have and take also, fill kind to justice all also. The Shi Yulu of Confucius also, rash person hunt relatively, confucius Yi Lie relatively. Hunt is more still all right, and besides suffer its to grant? " Say: " the be an official of Confucius ining that case also, the path that be not a thing and? " Say: " the thing also. " " work way Xi Lie relatively also? " Say: " Confucius first book sacrificial utensil, not with all directions feed for book. " Say: " why to go also? " Say: Do it million also. Million enough goes, and be no good, go after that, be with having notting wide 3 years eventually somewhat also. Confucius has see a Ke Zhishi, have border Ke Zhishi, have fair raised be an official. At season Huan Zi, see a Ke Zhishi also; Yu Weiling is fair, border Ke Zhishi also; Yu Weixiao is fair, fair raised be an official also. " The Mencius says: " Shi Fei is deficient also, and sometimes for deficient; Wive blame is raise also, and sometimes to raise. The person that it is deficient, demit honour resides low, deficient of demit rich house. Demit honour resides low, deficient of demit rich house, evil appropriate? Hold in the arms close attack watchman's clapper, confucius is tasted for appoint official, say: "The accountant is become just. " taste to take field, say: "Healthy and strong of flocks and herds is long just. " low tall, blame also; Stand this face of the person, and path be no good, shame also. " 10 thousand chapters say: " person do not hold in the palm vassal, he Ye? " The Mencius says: " not dare also. Vassal lose a country, hold in the palm after that at vassal, ceremony also; Person hold in the palm at vassal, incivility also. " 10 thousand chapters say: " gentleman the millet of make a present of, suffer? " Say: " those who suffer. " " the He Yi that suffer also? " Say: " gentleman's Yu Mang also, of solid week. " Say: " Zhou Zhi suffers, those who grant do not suffer, he Ye? " Say: " not dare also. " Say: " dare ask its not dare He Ye? " Say: " hold in the arms close attack the person that watchman's clapper to all have constant job in order to feed at going up. Fugacious duty and grant at going up person, think disrespectful also. " Say: " gentleman of make a present of, suffer, do not know but Chang Jihu? " Say: " Miaogong's Yu Zisai also, earnestly asks, flesh of vessel of earnestly make a present of. Child think of vinegary. Yu Cu also, emissary gives all entrance doors besides, kowtow is done obeisance to again in and do not suffer, say: "The dog that knows gentleman after that today becomes cultivate . " lid naturally stage does not have make a present of also. Yue Xian cannot be lifted, cannot raise again also, yue Xian of it may be said? " Say: " dare ask monarch is about to raise gentleman, how this is it may be said raised? " Say: " with gentleman of life general, do obeisance to kowtow again and suffer. Ever since millet of granary person afterwards, include person afterwards pork, not with gentleman of life general. Child think of think vessel flesh makes earnestly of Er of fall forward of personal fall forward is done obeisance to also, be not the talk that raises gentleman also. Yao Zhi Yu Shun also, make its child of 9 male things, 2 female female Yan, granary of 100 officials flocks and herds has, in order to raise Shun at Quan mu in, be lifted after and add all getting on, friend says, of princes and dukes honour virtuous person also. " 10 thousand chapters say: " dare ask not to see vassal, he Yi also? " The Mencius says: " say in the country the official of marketplace, be out of office says the official of wilderness, all call person of be the concubine. Person of be the concubine has pass it is me character, dare not see at vassal, ceremony also. " 10 thousand chapters say: " person of be the concubine, the battle of call together, go to battle; Gentleman is about to see, of call together, do not go to see, he Ye? " Say: " toward battle, justice also; Toward see, disloyal also. Ju Junzhi is about to see also, he Wei also? " Say: " hear more for its also, for its virtuous also. " Say: " hear more for its also, criterion the emperor not call together division, and besides vassal? For its virtuous also, criterion I was not heard be about to see virtuous and of call together also. Miao fair earnestly sees Yu Zisai, say: "The country that Gu Qian takes with friend person, how about? " child think of vinegary, say: "Ancient person has Yan Yue, the cloud of the thing, say friendly cloud? " child those who think of is vinegary also, do not say: "With, criterion child, gentleman also; I, official also; He Gan and Jun You also? With heart, criterion child thing I person also, why OK as friendly as me? " the 1000 gentleman that multiply are begged to it friendly and cannot get also, and besides but call together and? Neat Jing Gongtian, the person that enrol anxiety with an ancient type of banner hoisted on a featherdecked mast, do not come, will kill. Person of ideals and integrity does not forget to be in gully, trojan does not forget funeral its yuan. Why does Confucius take Yan? Take be not its action to be not gone to also. " Say: " dare ask the person that enrol anxiety why? " Say: " with Pi Guan, person of be the concubine with Zhan, person with the banner, doctor with an ancient type of banner hoisted on a featherdecked mast. The action with the doctor enrols Yu Ren, yu Ren absolutelies refuse to to dare be gone to; With person enrol Zhao Shu's person, of or by the concubine person you flatter me is gone to? Besides with not the Zhao Zhaoxian's person of a person of virtue? Be about to see a person of virtue and with its, the door that its are entered and still is about to close also. Husband justice, road also; Ceremony, the door also. Alone gentleman can by it is a road, discrepancy is the door also. " poem " go: "By Zhou Daoru, its are like arrow continuously; Gentleman place is walked on, lilliputian place is inspected. " " 10 thousand chapters say: " Confucius, gentleman life call together, wait is driven and do not go; Blame of Confucius ining that case and? " Say: " Confucius has official position when be an official, and with its official call together also. " The Mencius calls 10 thousand chapters say: " the be apt to of one countryside person the be apt to of Si Youyi countryside person, the be apt to of one country person the be apt to of Si Youyi country person, the be apt to of the world person the be apt to below Si Youtian person. The be apt to with friendly the world person for not sufficient, still consider ancient person again. Eulogy its poem, read its book, do not tell its person, can? Be in order to consider its age also. It is Shang You also. " Neat announce Wang Wenqing. The Mencius says: " of Wang Heqing ask also? " Wang Yue: " dear different? " Say: " different; Not expensive Qi Zhiqing, discrepant of the surname dear. " Wang Yue: " excuse me expensive Qi Zhiqing. " Say: " gentleman has expostulate with of serious offence criterion; Turn over Fu and do not listen, easy. " Wang Bo changes like that color. Say: " king not different also. Wang Wenchen, official not dare not with be opposite. " Wang Se is decided, next excuse me of the opposite sex dear. Say: " gentleman has had an expostulate with, turn over Fu and do not listen, go. " |
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