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卷一百一十九·循吏列传第五十九_史记

  太史公曰:法令所以导民也,刑罚所以禁奸也。文武不备,良民惧然身修者,官未曾乱也。奉职循理,亦可以为治,何必威严哉?
 
  孙叔敖者,楚之处士也。虞丘相进之於楚庄王,以自代也。三月为楚相,施教导民,上下和合,世俗盛美,政缓禁止,吏无奸邪,盗贼不起。秋冬则劝民山采,春夏以水,各得其所便,民皆乐其生。
 
  庄王以为币轻,更以小为大,百姓不便,皆去其业。市令言之相曰:“市乱,民莫安其处,次行不定。”相曰:“如此几何顷乎?”市令曰:“三月顷。”相曰:“罢,吾今令之复矣。”後五日,朝,相言之王曰:“前日更币,以为轻。今市令来言曰“市乱,民莫安其处,次行之不定”。臣请遂令复如故。”王许之,下令三日而市复如故。
 
  楚民俗好庳车,王以为庳车不便马,欲下令使高之。相曰:“令数下,民不知所从,不可。王必欲高车,臣请教闾里使高其困。乘车者皆君子,君子不能数下车。”王许之。居半岁,民悉自高其车。
 
  此不教而民从其化,近者视而效之,远者四面望而法之。故三得相而不喜,知其材自得之也;三去相而不悔,知非己之罪也。
 
  子产者,郑之列大夫也。郑昭君之时,以所爱徐挚为相,国乱,上下不亲,父子不和。大宫子期言之君,以子产为相。为相一年,竖子不戏狎,斑白不提挈,僮子不犁畔。二年,市不豫贾。三年,门不夜关,道不拾遗。四年,田器不归。五年,士无尺籍,丧期不令而治。治郑二十六年而死,丁壮号哭,老人兒啼,曰:“子产去我死乎!民将安归?”
 
  公仪休者,鲁博士也。以高弟为鲁相。奉法循理,无所变更,百官自正。使食禄者不得与下民争利,受大者不得取小。
 
  客有遗相鱼者,相不受。客曰:“闻君嗜鱼,遗君鱼,何故不受也?”相曰:“以嗜鱼,故不受也。今为相,能自给鱼;今受鱼而免,谁复给我鱼者?吾故不受也。”
 
  食茹而美,拔其园葵而弃之。见其家织布好,而疾出其家妇,燔其机,云“欲令农士工女安所雠其货乎”?
 
  石奢者,楚昭王相也。坚直廉正,无所阿避。行县,道有杀人者,相追之,乃其父也。纵其父而还自系焉。使人言之王曰:“杀人者,臣之父也。夫以父立政,不孝也;废法纵罪,非忠也;臣罪当死。”王曰:“追而不及,不当伏罪,子其治事矣。”石奢曰:“不私其父,非孝子也;不奉主法,非忠臣也。王赦其罪,上惠也;伏诛而死,臣职也。”遂不受令,自刎而死。
 
  李离者,晋文公之理也。过听杀人,自拘当死。文公曰:“官有贵贱,罚有轻重。下吏有过,非子之罪也。”李离曰:“臣居官为长,不与吏让位;受禄为多,不与下分利。今过听杀人,傅其罪下吏,非所闻也。”辞不受令。文公曰:“子则自以为有罪,寡人亦有罪邪?”李离曰:“理有法,失刑则刑,失死则死。公以臣能听微决疑,故使为理。今过听杀人,罪当死。”遂不受令,伏剑而死。
 
  太史公曰:孙叔敖出一言,郢市复。子产病死,郑民号哭。公仪子见好布而家妇逐。石奢纵父而死,楚昭名立。李离过杀而伏剑,晋文以正国法。
 
  奉职循理,为政之先。恤人体国,良史述焉。叔孙、郑产,自昔称贤。拔葵一利,赦父非。李离伏剑,为法而然。



  • New Sinology Title:
    Roll biographies of official of 119 · abide is fiftieth 9 _ history write down

    New Sinology Chapter:
    Roll biographies of official of 119 · abide is fiftieth 9

    New Sinology BookName:
    History write down

    New Sinology Catalog:
    History ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    Too history fair say: The law guides so civilian also, penalty bans evil so also. Civil and military is unprepared, the person that fine civilian dread is repaired personally like that, government-owned have not is random also. The abide that give job manages, yi Ke thinks treat, why august?
     
    Sun Shuao person, chu Zhi is in person also. The Wu Chuzhuang king that Yu Qiu takes, with taking the place of oneself also. Was Hunan photograph in March, apply teach civilian, fluctuate and close, fill the United States after the flesh, politics delay prohibits, official is not had crafty and evil, bandits does not rise. Qiu Dong persuades civilian hill to collect, spring Xia Yishui, each is in his proper place, civilian all Le Jisheng.
     
    Zhuang Wang thinks money is light, more with small for big, common people inconvenience, all go its course of study. The photograph of city your talk says: "City chaos, civilian its are in Mo An, second travel is errant. " say: "Does such geometry just? " city makes: "Justed in March. " say: "Stop, I makes today answer. " after 5 days, toward, the king of photograph character says: "Eve more money, feel light. Today city makes come Yan Yue " city is random, civilian its are in Mo An, the adventitious of second travel " . I make then please answer as before. " Wang Xuzhi, give orders 3 days and city answer as before.
     
    Car of Hunan folk-custom good Bi, king think Bi car is disadvantageous horse, be about to give orders to make Gao Zhi. Say: "Make several times, civilian do not know place from, cannot. Tall car of Wang Bi desire, I are consulted native village make tall its  is tired. The person that take a car all gentleman, gentleman cannot be counted get off. " Wang Xuzhi. House is half years old, civilian all from tall its car.
     
    This does not teach and civilian change from its, close person inspect and of effect, far person look on four sides and of the law. Reason 3 and do not be fond of, know its material contented also; 3 go and not regret, know to be not personal blame also.
     
    Child the person that produce, zheng Zhi lists a physician also. When Zheng Zhao Junzhi, it is with what loving Xu Zhi, the country is random, do not kiss up and down, father and son is on bad terms. Big Gong Zi the gentleman of period character, with child produce for. For a year, boy does not make fun of be improperly familiar with, greying do not lead, zhuang child do not plow the border of a field. 2 years, city does not pleased merchant. 3 years, the door not night closes, no one pockets anything found on the road. 4 years, cropland implement do not return. 5 years, person the book that do not have feet, funeral period does not make and treat. Treat Zheng Er 16 years and die, ding Zhuang wail, caw of old person , say: "Child produce go I die! Civilian how will return? Civilian how will return??
     
    The person that public appearance rests, lu Bo person also. It is rash photograph with Gao Di. The abide that give a way manages, do not have a change, 100 Guan Zizheng. The person that make feed salary is not gotten with below civilian dispute benefit, suffer big person must not take small.
     
    The person that the guest has fish of photograph of involuntary discharge of urine, do not suffer. The guest says: "Fish of be addicted to famous gentleman, fish of gentleman of involuntary discharge of urine, why doesn't reason suffer also? " say: "With fish of be addicted to, reason does not suffer also. It is today, can self-sufficient fish; Get a fish today and avoid, who answer the person that give me the fish?
     
    Feed Ru Ermei, unplug its garden certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and abandon. See its home weaving is good, and pain goes its home Fu, fan its machine, the cloud " be about to make farming person labour its goods of the female Chou that bring place " ?
     
    Stone excessive person, hunan clear kingliness also. Firm straight incorruptness, the A that do not have place avoids. Travel county, path have murderer, chase after, it is its father also. Vertical its father and still fasten Yan oneself. Make the king of person character says: "Homicide, official's father also. The husband stands with father politics, disobedient also; Abandon law vertical blame, blame faithful also; Official blame should die. " Wang Yue: "Chase after and not as good as, undeserved plead guilty, child its study an issue. " stone excessive says: "Not illicit its father, blame dutiful son also; Do not act according to advocate law, blame official loyal to his sovereign also. King condone its blame, go up benefit also; Volt puts to death and die, official office also. " do not suffer then your, cut one's throat and dead.
     
    Li Li person, jin Wen's public put in order also. Listen to homicide too, become dead from arrest. Language is common say: "The official has gentle and simple, punish have weight. Next official had had, blame child blame also. " Li Li says: "Official house official is long, not with official abdicate; Get salary for many, not with every minutes of benefit. Listen to homicide too today, fu Ji pain falls official, blame place is heard also. " demit does not suffer your. Language is common say: "Child criterion flatter oneself is guilty, the sovereign also guilty evil? " Li Li says: "Manage has a way, break punishment criterion punishment, break dead dead. Gong Yichen can listen small definitely doubt, reason makes be manage. Listen to homicide too today, the blame should die. " do not suffer then your, fu Jian and dead.
     
    Too history fair say: Sun Shuao gives one speech, city of capital of the State of Chu answer. Child produce die in one's bed, zheng civilian wail. Public appearance child get better cloth and domestic Fu is chased. Stone excessive vertical father and dead, hunan clear name stands. Li Li is killed too and Fu Jian, national law of advance Wen Yizheng.
     
    The abide that give job manages, for politics first. Country of compensate human body, fine history narrates Yan. Grandson of father's younger brother, Zheng is produced, say from former times virtuous. Unplug Kui Yili, condone father is not. Sword of Li Li bend over, for the law like that.


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