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辩政_孔子家语

章节: 辩政
书名: 孔子家语
类目: 子部
原作者:
朝代:
写作年代: 约公元前90年  至  公元后1055年
视频: 辩政_孔子家语
音频: 辩政_孔子家语
新国学:
  子貢問於孔子曰:「昔者齊君問政於夫子,夫子曰:『政在節財.』魯君問政於夫子,子曰:『政在諭臣.』葉公問政於夫子,夫子曰:『政在悅近而遠來.』三者之問一也,而夫子應之不同,然政在異端乎?」孔子曰:「各因其事也.齊君為國,奢乎臺榭,淫于苑囿,五官伎樂,不解於時,一旦而賜人以千乘之家者三,故曰政在節財.魯君有臣三人,內比周以愚其君,外距諸侯之賓,以蔽其明,故曰政在諭臣.夫荊之地廣而都狹,民有離心,莫安其居,故曰政在悅近而來遠.此三者所以為政殊矣.詩云:『喪亂蔑資,曾不惠我師,』此傷奢侈不節,以為亂者也;又曰:『匪其止共,惟王之邛.』此傷姦臣蔽主以為亂也;又曰:『亂離瘼矣,奚其適歸.』此傷離散以為亂者也.察此三者,政之所欲,豈同乎哉!」

 
  孔子曰:「忠臣之諫君,有五義焉.一曰譎諫,二曰戇諫,三曰降諫,四曰直諫,五曰風諫.唯度主而行之,吾從其風諫乎.」
 
  子曰:夫道不可不貴也.中行文子倍道失義,以亡其國,而能禮賢,以活其身,聖人轉禍為福,此謂是與.」
 
  楚王將遊荊臺,司馬子祺諫,王怒之,令尹子西賀於殿下,諫曰:「今荊臺之觀,不可失也.」王喜拊子西之背曰:「與子共樂之矣.」子西步馬十里,引轡而止,曰:「臣願言有道,王肯聽之乎?」王曰:「子其言之.」子西曰:「臣聞為人臣而忠其君者,爵祿不足以賞也;諛其君者,刑罰不足以誅也.夫子祺者,忠臣也,而臣者,諛臣也,願王賞忠而誅諛焉.」王曰:「我今聽司馬之諫,是獨能禁我耳,若後世遊之,何也?」子西曰:「禁後世易耳,大王萬歲之後,起山陵於荊臺之上,則子孫必不忍遊於父祖之墓,以為歡樂也.」王曰:「善.」乃還.孔子聞之曰:「至哉子西之諫也,入之於千里之上,抑之於百世之後者也.」
 
  子貢聞於孔子曰:「夫子之於子產晏子,可為至矣.敢問二大夫之所為,目夫子之所以與之者.」孔子曰:「夫子產於民為惠主,於學為博物;晏子於君為忠臣,而行為恭敏.故吾皆以兄事之,而加愛敬.」
 
  齊有一足之鳥,飛集於宮朝,下止于殿前,舒翅而跳,齊侯大怪之,使使聘魯,問孔子.孔子曰:「此鳥名曰商羊,水祥也.昔童兒有屈其一腳,振訊兩眉而跳且謠曰:『天將大雨,商羊鼓舞.今齊有之,其應至矣.』急告民趨治溝渠,修隄防,將有大水為災,頃之大霖雨,水溢泛諸國,傷害民人,唯齊有備,不敗.」景公曰:「聖人之言,信而徵矣.」
 
  孔子謂宓子賤曰:「子治單父眾悅,子何施而得之也?子語丘所以為之者.」對曰:「不齊之治也,父恤其子,其子卹諸孤,而哀喪紀.」孔子曰:「善小節也,小民附矣,猶未足也.」曰:「不齊所父事者三人,所兄事者五人,所友事者十一人.」孔子曰:「父事三人,可以教孝矣;兄事五人,可以教悌矣;友事十一人,可以舉善矣.中節也,中人附矣,猶未足也.」曰:「此地民有賢於不齊者五人,不齊事之而稟度焉,皆教不齊之道.」孔子歎曰:「其大者,乃於此乎,有矣.昔堯舜聽天下,務求賢以自輔.夫賢者,百福之宗也,神明之主也,惜乎不齊之以所治者,小也.」
 
  子貢為信陽宰,將行,辭於孔子.孔子曰:「勤之慎之,奉天子之時,無奪無伐,無暴無盜.」子貢曰:「賜也少而事君子,豈以盜為累哉?」孔子曰:「汝未之詳也,夫以賢代賢,是謂之奪;以不肖代賢,是謂之伐;緩令急誅,是謂之暴;取善自與,謂之盜.盜非竊財之謂也.吾聞之知為吏者,奉法以利民,不知為吏者,枉法以侵民,此怨之所由也.治官莫若平,臨財莫如廉,廉平之守,不可改也.匿人之善,斯謂蔽賢.揚人之惡,斯為小人.內不相訓,而外相謗,非親睦也.言人之善,若己有之,言人之惡,若己受之,故君子無所不慎焉.」
 
  子路治蒲三年,孔子過之,入其境曰:「善哉由也,恭敬以信矣.」入其邑曰:「善哉由也,忠信而寬矣.」至廷曰:「善哉由也,明察以斷矣.」子貢執轡而問曰:「夫子未見由之政,而三稱其善,其善可得聞乎?」孔子曰:「吾見其政矣.入其境,田疇盡易,草萊甚辟,溝洫深治,此其恭敬以信,故其民盡力也;入其邑,牆屋完固,樹木甚茂,此其忠信以寬,故其民不偷也;至其庭,庭甚清閒,諸下用命,此其言明察以斷,故其政不擾也.以此觀之,雖三稱其善,庸盡其美乎!」

  • New Sinology Title:
    Language of home of Confucius of argue politics _

    New Sinology Chapter:
    Argue politics

    New Sinology BookName:
    Confucius home language

    New Sinology Catalog:
    Child ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    Child Zuo Wu Kongzi says: " former times person Zheng Wufu of Mr Zuo child, the master says: "Politics in Geng Zuo . " Zheng Wufu of Mr Zuo child, child say: "Politics in Zheng official. " Zheng Wufu of Qu fair child, the master says: "Politics in close and Zuo . " 3 person one also, and of master different, like that politics be carried in ? " Confucius says: " each because its thing also. of Mr Zuo , excessive Ning a pavilion or house on a terrace, excessive animals farm at center, of facial features ability, indissoluble at , once and Zuo person with 1000 the home that take person 3, friend says politics in Geng Zuo . Mr Zuo has 3 people of official, compares Zhou Yiyu its gentleman, Zuo of Zheng Hou Zhi is apart from outside, with my its bright, friend says politics in Zheng official. The ground of husband Qia and , civilian heart having Zuo , not install its to reside, friend says politics in close and Zuo . This 3 person so politics different. Yu cloud: " Zuo of disdain, ceng Buhui my , " this is extravagant not Geng , with person also; Say again: "Bandit its stop in all, the Qiong of alone king. " official of this is my advocate with also; Say again: " Zuo Mo, of Xi Ji Zuo . " this Zuo comes loose with person also. Examine this 3 person, politics place desire, Zuo is the same as! "

     
    Confucius says: " Mr Zheng of official loyal to his sovereign, have 5 Li Yan. Say Zhu Zheng , 2 say Zheng , 3 say fall Zheng , 4 say straight Zheng , 5 say Zuo Zheng . Spend only advocate and of travel, Zheng of my its Zuo . "
     
    Child say: The husband cannot not Zuo also. In style or manner of writing child break Li times times, in order to die its , and can Die Zuo , in order to live its body, blessing of of Dai of Long person Zuo , this Zheng is Ning . "
     
    Ning of Qia of Zuo of Hunan king , si Zuo Ziqi Zheng , of Wang Nu, Zuo Wu Dian issues your Yin Zi on the west, Zheng says: " today the Yin of Qia Ning , cannot break also. " Wang Xi claps child the back on the west says: " Ning child in all of . " child on the west pace Zuo 10 lis, bring Zuo and stop, say: " official Zuo character has, of Wang Ken Long ? " Wang Yue: " child of its character. " child say on the west: " official of person of official Long and faithful its gentleman person, Dai of the rank of nobility can't Zuo also; Mr Zha its gentleman person, punishment Li can't Zha also. Master Qi person, official loyal to his sovereign also, and official person, Zha official also, Zuo king Zuo faithful and Zha Zha Yan. " Wang Yue: " I today Long Si Zuo zhi Zheng , it is can stand my side, be like later generations Zuo , he Ye? " child say on the west: " ban later generations Yi Er, the after of king Qu , remove Ning of Shan Lingwu Qia over, child cannot bear surely the grave of Zuo Wu Fu ancestor, with also. " Wang Yue: " be apt to. " it is Zuo . Of Confucius Long say: " to child the Zheng on the west also, in the Wu Qian that enter over, the latter of the Wu Baishi of curb also. "
     
    Child Zuo Long Wu Kongzi says: " Yan Zi of Wu Zi , but comes. Dare the place of Dr 2 doctors, eye master of Ning person. " Confucius says: " benefit of of master Wu Min advocate, at nature science; Official loyal to his sovereign of of Mr Yan Ziwu, and travel respectful quick. Reason I all with elder brother thing, and add to respect. "
     
    Zuo has one sufficient Zuo , Zuo collect at face, yu Dianqian stops below, shu Chi and jump, Zuo Hou Da is strange, make make hire Zuo , Confucius. Confucius says: " this Zuo name says business sheep, shui Xiang also. of former times child has bend one of Mo , brace up Yin eyebrow and jump and Zheng says: "Day heavy rain, business sheep is invigorated. Today Zuo has, its comes. " accuse civilian Zuo urgently to treat canal, long Zuo is prevented, has flood , the big continuous heavy rain of Zuo , of Zheng of water excessive extensive, kills civilian person, only Zuo has , not . " view is general say: " the character of Long person, believe and a note of the ancient Chinese five-tone scale. "
     
    Zuo of Confucius Zheng Mi Zi says: " child of Bao of the father that treat , child why be applied and why be applied and get also? Child Zha grave so of person. " says: " not of Zuo treat also, father compensate its child, its child Zheng Gu, and sad Ji . " Confucius says: " small Geng of be apt to also, small civilian add, is not sufficient also. " say: " not thing of Zuo place father person 3 people, thing of place elder brother person 5 people, place friendly thing person 11 people. " Confucius says: " father thing 3 people, can teach filial piety; Elder brother thing 5 people, can teach love and respect for one's elder brother; Friendly thing 11 people, can Ning be apt to. In Geng also, go-between is added, is not sufficient also. " say: " here civilian has Zuo at not Zuo person 5 people, not of Zuo thing and Er spends Yan, all teach not the path of Zuo . " Confucius says: " its are big person, therefore at this, have. The world of Long of Shun of former times , begs Zuo with from Zuo . Husband Zuo person, 100 Fu Zhizong also, of deities advocate also, cherish not the person be treated with place of Zuo , small also. "
     
    Child Zuo of Zuo letter is slaughtered, goes, Zuo Wu Kongzi. Confucius says: " diligent Shen Zhi, act according to the of the emperor, cut down of , Bao of cruel . " child Zuo says: " Zuo is little also and thing gentleman, Zuo with Bao tired? " Confucius says: " Ru Weizhi Yu also, the husband takes the place of with Zuo Zuo , it is the of Zheng ; With unworthy generation Zuo , it is the cut down of Zheng ; Jin makes urgent Zha , be Zheng is cruel; Take kind from Ning , the Bao of Zheng . The Zheng of Zuo of Bao blame Fu also. The person tell official of my Long , give a way with benefit civilian, the person that do not tell official, pervert the law in order to invade civilian, the place that this complains by also. Treat Guan More to make the same score, cheap of Ning Zuo it would be better, cheap is defended smoothly, cannot change also. The be apt to of conceal person, this Zheng my Zuo . The of person, this as person of low position. not photograph Yin , and foreign minister Zheng , the harmonious that be not Yin also. The be apt to of word person, if oneself those who have, the of word person, if oneself those who suffer, place of reason gentleman is inadvertent Yan. "
     
    Child the road treats cattail 3 years, of Confucius Zuo , say into its condition: " be apt to by also, deferential in order to believe. " into its city says: " be apt to by also, faithful believe and . " say to the court of a feudal ruler: " be apt to by also, bright examine with . " child Zuo Zuo and says: " master not Yao by politics, and 3 Er its be apt to, can its be apt to get Long ? " Confucius says: " my Yao its politics. Enter its area, cropland Bao is easy, careless Qu monarchs very, Xu is treated greatly, this its are deferential in order to believe, reason its civilian Bao force also; Enter its city, house is over solid, Mu Shenmao, this its faithful letter with , reason its civilian do not steal also; To its front courtyard, front courtyard is very clear Zuo , the lot is used below Zheng , this its dictum examine with , reason its politics not also. With this Yin , 3 Er of Zuo its be apt to, commonplace Bao its beauty! "
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