孟子(公孙丑章句上)_诗
章节: | 孟子(公孙丑章句上) |
书名: | 诗 |
类目: | 经部 |
原作者: | 孟子及其弟子 |
朝代: | |
写作年代: | 约公元前-173年 至 公元后989年 |
视频: | 孟子(公孙丑章句上)_诗 |
音频: | 孟子(公孙丑章句上)_诗 |
新国学: | 否 |
孟子曰:「子诚齐人也,知管仲、晏子而已矣。或问乎曾西曰:『吾子与子路孰贤?』曾西蹴然曰:『吾先子之所畏也。』曰:『然则吾子与管仲孰贤?』曾西艴然不悦,曰:『尔何曾比予于管仲!管仲得君如彼其专也,行乎国政如彼其久也,功烈如彼其卑也;尔何曾比予于是?』」曰:「管仲,曾西之所不为也,而子为我愿之乎?」
曰:「管仲以其君霸,晏子以其君显。管仲、晏子犹不足为与?」
曰:「以齐王,由反手也。」
曰:「若是,则弟子之惑滋甚。且以文王之德,百年而后崩,犹未洽于天下;武王、周公继之,然后大行。今言王若易然,则文王不足法与?」
曰:「文王何可当也!由汤至于武丁,贤圣之君六七作,天下归殷久矣,久则难变也。武丁朝诸侯,有天下,犹运之掌也。纣之去武丁未久也,其故家遗俗,流风善政,犹有存者;又有微子、微仲、王子比干、箕子、胶鬲皆贤人也。相与辅相之,故久而后失之也。尺地,莫非其有也;一民,莫非其臣也;然而文王犹方百里起,是以难也。齐人有言曰:『虽有智慧,不如乘势;虽有鎡基,不如待时。』今时则易然也:夏后、殷、周之盛,地未有过千里也,而齐有其地矣;鸡鸣狗吠相闻,而达乎四境,而齐有其民矣。地不改辟矣,民不改聚矣,行仁政而王,莫之能御也。且王者之不作,未有疏于此时者也;民之憔悴于虐政,未有甚于此时者也。饥者易为食,渴者易为饮。孔子曰:『德之流行,速于置邮而传命。』当今之时,万乘之国行仁政,民之悦之,犹解倒悬也。故事半古之人,功必倍之,惟此时为然。」
公孙丑问曰:「夫子加齐之卿相,得行道焉,虽由此霸王,不异矣。如此,则动心否乎?」
孟子曰:「否,我四十不动心。」
曰:「若是,则夫子过孟贲远矣。」
曰:「是不难,告子先我不动心。」
曰:「不动心有道乎?」
曰:「有。北宫黝之养勇也:不肤桡,不目逃,思以一豪挫于人,若挞之于市朝,不受于褐宽博,亦不受于万乘之君;视刺万乘之君,若刺褐夫;无严诸侯,恶声至,必反之。孟施舍之所养勇也,曰:『视不胜犹胜也;量敌而后进,虑胜而后会,是畏三军者也。舍岂能为必胜哉?能无惧而已矣。』孟施舍似曾子,北宫黝似子夏。夫二子之勇,未知其孰贤,然而孟施舍守约也。昔者曾子谓子襄曰:『子好勇乎?吾尝闻大勇于夫子矣:自反而不缩,虽褐宽博,吾不惴焉;自反而缩,虽千万人,吾往矣。』孟施舍之守气,又不如曾子之守约也。」
曰:「敢问夫子之不动心与告子之不动心,可得闻与?」
「告子曰:『不得于言,勿求于心;不得于心,勿求于气。』不得于心,勿求于气,可;不得于言,勿求于心,不可。夫志,气之帅也;气,体之充也。夫志至焉,气次焉;故曰:『持其志,无暴其气。』」
「既曰,『志至焉,气次焉。』又曰,『持其志,无暴其气。』者何也?」
曰:「志壹则动气,气壹则动志也,今夫蹶者趋者,是气也,而反动其心。」
「敢问夫子恶乎长?」
曰:「我知言,我善养吾浩然之气。」
「敢问何谓浩然之气?」
曰:「难言也。其为气也,至大至刚,以直养而无害,则塞于天地之间。其为气也,配义与道;无是,馁也。是集义所生者,非义袭而取之也。行有不慊于心,则馁矣。我故曰,告子未尝知义,以其外之也。必有事焉,而勿正,心勿忘,勿助长也。无若宋人然:宋人有闵其苗之不长而揠之者,芒芒然归,谓其人曰:『今日病矣!予助苗长矣!』其子趋而往视之,苗则槁矣。天下之不助苗长者寡矣。以为无益而舍之者,不耘苗者也;助之长者,揠苗者也非徒无益,而又害之。」
「何谓知言?」
曰:「詖辞知其所蔽,淫辞知其所陷,邪辞知其所离,遁辞知其所穷。生于其心,害于其政;发于其政,害于其事。圣人复起,必从吾言矣。」「宰我、子贡善为说辞,冉牛、闵子、颜渊善言德行。孔子兼之,曰:『我于辞命,则不能也。』然则夫子既圣矣乎?」
曰:「恶!是何言也?昔者子贡问于孔子曰:『夫子圣矣乎?』孔子曰:『圣则吾不能,我学不厌而教不倦也。』子贡曰:『学不厌,智也;教不倦,仁也。仁且智,夫子既圣矣。』夫圣,孔子不居,是何言也?」
「昔者窃闻之:子夏、子游、子张皆有圣人之一体,冉牛、闵子、颜渊则具体而微,敢问所安。」
曰:「姑舍是。」
曰:「伯夷、伊尹何如?」
曰:「不同道。非其君不事,非其民不使;治则进,乱则退,伯夷也。何事非君,何使非民;治亦进,乱亦进,伊尹也。可以仕则仕,可以止则止,可以久则久,可以速则速,孔子也。皆古圣人也。吾未能有行焉;乃所愿,则学孔子也。」
「伯夷、伊尹于孔子,若是班乎?」
曰:「否;自有生民以来,未有孔子也。」
曰:「然则有同与?」
曰:「有。得百里之地而君之,皆能以朝诸侯,有天下;行一不义,杀一不辜,而得天下,皆不为也。是则同。」
曰:「敢问其所以异。」
曰:「宰我、子贡、有若,智足以知圣人,汙不至阿其所好。宰我曰:『以予观于夫子,贤于尧舜远矣。』子贡曰:『见其体而知其政,闻其乐而知其德,由百世之后,等百世之王,莫之能违也。自生民以来,未有夫子也。』有若曰:『岂惟民哉?麒麟之于走兽,凤凰之于飞鸟,太山之于丘垤,河海之于行潦,类也。圣人之于民,亦类也。出于其类,拔乎其萃,自生民以来,未有盛于孔子也。』」
孟子曰:「以力假仁者霸,霸必有大国;以德行仁者王,王不待大。汤以七十里,文王以百里。以力服人者,非心服也,力不赡也;以德服人者,中心悦而诚服也,如七十子之服孔子也。《诗》云:『自西自东,自南自北,无思不服。』此之谓也。」
孟子曰:「仁则荣,不仁则辱;今恶辱而居不仁,是犹恶湿而居下也。如恶之,莫如贵德而尊士,贤者在位,能者在职;国家闲暇,及是时,明其政刑。虽大国,必畏之矣。诗云:『迨天之未阴雨,彻彼桑土,绸缪牖户。今此下民,或敢侮予?』孔子曰:『为此诗者,其知道乎!能治其国家,谁敢侮之?』今国家闲暇,及是时,般乐怠敖,是自求祸也。祸福无不自己求之者。《诗》云:『永言配命,自求多福。』《太甲》曰:『天作孽,犹可违;自作孽,不可活。』此之谓也。」
孟子曰:「尊贤使能,俊杰在位,则天下之士皆悦,而愿立于其朝矣;市,廛而不征,法而不廛,则天下之商皆悦,而愿藏于其市矣;关,讥而不征,则天下之旅皆悦,而愿出于其路矣;耕者,助而不税,则天下之农皆悦,而愿耕于其野矣;廛,无夫里之布,则天下之民皆悦,而愿为之氓矣。信能行此五者,则邻国之民仰之若父母矣,率其子弟,攻其父母,自生民以来未有能济者也。如此,则无敌于天下。天敌于天下者,天吏也。然而不王者,未之有也。」
孟子曰:「人皆有不忍人之心。先王有不忍人之心,斯有不忍人之政矣。以不忍人之心,行不忍人之政,治天下可运之掌上。所以谓人皆有不忍人之心者,今人乍见孺子将入于井,皆有怵惕恻隐之心非所以内交于孺子之父母也,非所以要誉于乡党朋友也,非恶其声而然也。由是观之,无恻隐之心,非人也;无羞恶之心,非人也;无辞让之心;非人也;无是非之心,非人也。恻隐之心,仁之端也;羞恶之心,义之端也;辞让之心,礼之端也;是非之心,智之端也。人之有是四端也,犹其有四体也。有是四端而自谓不能者,自贼者也;谓其君不能者,贼其君者也。凡有四端于我者,知皆扩而充之矣,若火之始然,泉之始达。苟能充之,足以保四海;苟不充之,不足以事父母。」
孟子曰:「矢人岂不仁于函人哉?矢人唯恐不伤人,函人唯恐伤人。巫匠亦然。故术不可不慎也。孔子曰:『里仁为美。择不处仁,焉得智?』夫仁,天之尊爵也,人之安宅也。莫之御而不仁,是不智也。不仁、不智,无礼、无义,人役也。人役而耻为役,由弓人而耻为弓,矢人而耻为矢也。如耻之,莫如为仁。仁者如射:射者正己而后发;发而不中,不怨胜己者,反求诸己而已矣。」
孟子曰:「子路,人告之以有过,则喜。禹闻善言,则拜。大舜有大焉,善与人同,舍己从人,乐取于人以为善,自耕稼、陶、渔以至为帝,无非取于人者。取诸人以为善,是与人为善者也。故君子莫大乎与人为善。」
孟子曰:「伯夷,非其君,不事;非其友,不友。不立于恶人之朝,不与恶人言;立于恶人之朝,与恶人言,如以朝衣朝冠坐于涂炭。推恶恶之心,思与乡人立,其冠不正,望望然去之,若将浼焉。是故诸侯虽有善其辞命而至者,不受也。不受也者,是亦不屑就已。柳下惠不羞汙君,不卑小官;进不隐贤,必以其道;遗佚而不怨,厄穷而不悯。故曰:『尔为尔,我为我,虽袒裼裸裎于我侧,尔焉能浼我哉?』故由由然与之偕而不自失焉,援而止之而止。援而止之而止者,是亦不屑去已。」孟子曰:「伯夷隘,柳下惠不恭,君子不由也。」
Mencius (on a surname ugly chapters) _ poem New Sinology Chapter: Mencius (on a surname ugly chapters) New Sinology BookName: Poem New Sinology Catalog: Classics department New Sinology Content: A surname is ugly ask: " the master is become Lu Yuqi, provide the meritorious service of intermediate, Yanzi, can answer make? " The Mencius says: " child sincere Qi Ren also, intermediate knowing a canal, Yan Zi just. Or ask Ceng Xi says: "I child with child Lu Shuxian? " Ceng Xi kicks to say like that: "My Xian Zizhi place Wei also. " say: "In that case I child with tubal Zhong Shuxian? " Ceng Xi Fu like that vinegary, say: "Why was Er ever compared grant at Guan Zhong! Be in charge of Zhong Dejun to be like those its only also, row national politics is like those its are long also, result intense is like those its low also; Why was Er ever compared grant then? " " say: " Guan Zhong, cengxi's place is also, and child be what I wish? " Say: " be in charge of Mr Zhong Yiji bully, yan Zi is shown with its gentleman. Guan Zhong, Yan Zi still is not worth for with? " Say: " with Qi Wang, by backhand also. " Say: " if, criterion the be puzzled grow of child very. And the heart with article king, hundred years die after that, still not be in harmony falls at the day; Of fierce king, Zhou Gongji, go greatly next. Today character king is like Yi Ran, criterion law of article king inadequacy and? " Say: " civil Wang He can be become also! By Shang Zhi Yu Wuding, the gentleman of virtuous emperor 67 make, the world puts in Yan Jiu 's charge, long change hard also. Fierce fourth day is vassal, fall one day, the palm that still carries also. Of name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant go Wu Ding is not long also, old custom of its friend home, be apt to drifting wind politics, still have the person that put; Have again small child, small intermediate, prince compares dry, dustpan child, glue Ge all a person of virtue also. Get along with of complementary photograph, reason is long break after that also. Feet ground, is it possible that its have also; One civilian, is it possible that its official also; However article king still square a hunderd li rises, be with difficult also. Qi Ren has Yan Yue: "Although have wisdom, be inferior to multiplying situation; Although have Zuo radical, when be inferior to waiting for. " today when criterion Yi Ran also: Summerly hind, abundant, Zhou Zhicheng, the ground has had no a thousand li also, and Qi Youji ground; Crow dog barks to be heard, and amount to 4 conditions, and Qi Youji civilian. The ground does not change monarch, civilian do not change get together, travel policy of benevolence and king, mo Zhi can drive also. And of Wang Zhe do not make, the person that have no scanty meanwhile also; Civilian gaunt at tyrannical government, have no very meanwhile person also. Be hungry person it is easily feed, thirsty person it is drink easily. Confucius says: "Heart and his like goes, fast be mailed at buy and travel a lot. " current when, the 10 thousand countries that take go policy of benevolence, civilian of Yue, still solve hang by the feet also. Story half ancient person, result surely of times, alone is right now like that. " A surname is ugly ask: " the master adds neat Qing Xiang, get trade Yan, although from this Xiang Yu the Conqueror, not different. Such, his mind disturbed deny? " The Mencius says: " deny, I 40 do not his mind disturbed. " Say: " if, criterion master Guo Mengben is far. " Say: " it is not difficult, accuse child first I do not my mind disturbed. " Say: " do not his mind disturbed have? " Say: " have. Of boreal palace black raise brave also: Not skin oar, do not look escape, think of with defeat of one a person of extraordinary powers at the person, be like whip at city government, do not get Yu Hekuan gain, also do not suffer at the 10 thousand gentleman that multiply; Inspect thorn the 10 thousand gentleman that multiply, if prick brown husband; Without severe vassal, evil voice comes, surely conversely. The place of almsgiving of the first month raises brave also, say: "Inspect still get the better of deeply also; Quantity enemy is entered after that, lv is gotten the better of meet after that, it is Wei army person also. Abandon how could to be surely win? Can not have dread just. " almsgiving of the first month is like Ceng Zi, boreal palace black is like child summer. Husband 2 child brave, sealed its who virtuous, however almsgiving of the first month is defended about also. Former times person Ceng Zi calls child assist says: "Child good brave? I tastes Wen Dayong at the master: Do not shrink instead oneself, although brown is wide rich, I not Zhui Yan; Shrink instead oneself, although ten million person, I is gone to. " of almsgiving of the first month observe energy of life, defend as Ceng Zizhi again about also. " Say: " dare ask a Confucian scholar do not his mind disturbed with accuse child do not his mind disturbed, can you get hear with? " " accuse child say: "Do not get Yu Yan, do not beg at the heart; Must not at the heart, do not beg at gas. " must not at the heart, do not beg at gas, but; Do not get Yu Yan, do not beg at the heart, cannot. Husband annals, angry Shuai Ye; Angry, of body fill also. Husband records comes Yan, enrage second Yan; Friend says: "Hold its sign, without cruel its are angry. " " " say already, "Records comes Yan, enrage second Yan. " say again, "Hold its sign, without cruel its are angry. " person He Ye? " Say: " annals one criterion take offense, gas one changes keep in mind also, today husband fall person hasten person, it is gas also, and reactionary its heart. " " dare ask the master is evil long? " Say: " I know word, my be apt to raises my grand like that gas. " " dare ask what is meant by grand like that gas? " Say: " difficult character also. Its are gas also, come greatly firm, harmless with be being raised continuously, fill in between heaven and earth. Its are gas also, match justice with path; Notting have is, dispirited also. It is the person that collect justice place is born, blame justice is raided and take also. Have all right not Qian at the heart, putrid. My friend says, accuse child have not know justice, with its outside also. Surely occupied Yan, and not, the heart does not forget, not abet also. Without the person that be like the Song Dynasty like that: The person that Song Ren has what do not grow of Min Jimiao and pull up, awn awn returns like that, call its person says: "Ill now! Grant to aid a seedling to grow! " its child hasten and toward what inspect, seedling criterion withered. Of the world do not aid seedling better few. Feel profitless and abandon person, not weed seedling person also; Aided better, pull up seedling person it is profitless to also be not apprentice, and kill. " " what is meant by know word? " Say: " Yu demit knows his place is my, excessive demit knows its place fall, demit of unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease knows its place to leave, put-off tells its place end. Give birth to Yu Jixin, kill Yu Jizheng; Send Yu Jizheng, kill at its thing. Sage answer rises, surely Cong Wuyan. " " slaughter me, child tribute be apt to is say decline, moral integrity of character of be apt to of Ran Niu, Min Zi, colour deep. Confucius furthermore, say: "I at demit life, criterion cannot also. " master ining that case already emperor? " Say: " evil! Be He Yan also? Former times person child tribute asks to say at Confucius: "Master emperor? " Confucius says: "Holy criterion I cannot, I learn not tire of and teach tireless also. " child tribute says: "Learn not tire of, wisdom also; Teach tireless, benevolence also. Renjuzhi, master already emperor. " husband emperor, confucius is not resided, be He Yan also? " " former times person steal Wen Zhi: Child summer, child swim, child an organic whole of Zhang Jieyou's sage, ran Niu, Min Zi, Yan Yuan criterion small but complete, dare ask place is installed. " Say: " aunt is abandoned is. " Say: " Yin He of Bai Yi, Yi if? " Say: " different method. Be not its gentleman not thing, blame its civilian do not make; Treat enter, retreat in disorder, bai Yi also. Mr He Shifei, why to make be not civilian; Treat Yi Jin, random Yi Jin, yi Yin Ye. Can Shi Zeshi, can stop, can long long, can fast criterion fast, confucius also. All ancient wise man also. I fails to have a Yan; Be wished therefore, learn Confucius also. " " Confucius of Yinyu of Bai Yi, Yi, if class? " Say: " deny; Have oneself unripe civilian since, have no Confucius also. " Say: " in that case have with with? " Say: " have. Get the ground of a hunderd li and Jun Zhi, all can with face vassal, fall one day; Row one disloyal, kill one not crime, and get the world, neither is also. It is to be the same as. " Say: " dare ask its so different. " Say: " slaughter me, child tribute, if,have, wisdom enough knows a wise man, does not come A its place is good. Slaughter me to say: "Watch Yu Fu in order to grant child, virtuous Yu Yaoshun is far. " child tribute says: "See its body and know its politics, hear its happy and know its moral character, by 100 worlds later, wait for the king of 100 worlds, mo Zhi can be violated also. Autogenous civilian since, have no a master also. " if say,have: " alone civilian? Of kylin at beasts, the Yu Fei bird of phoenix, too the Yu Qiu Die of hill, of river sea at travel Lao, kind also. Of the sage at civilian, also kind also. Stem from its kind, unplug its come together, autogenous civilian since, have no Cheng Yukong child also. " " The Mencius says: " with force holiday benevolence person bully, bully have big state surely; With the mitzvah benevolence person king, king prep before is big. Shang Yiqi 10 lis, civil Wangyi a hunderd li. With the person that force takes a person, blame be convinced also, force does not sufficient also; With heart the person that take a person, central Yue and sincere take also, be like 70 child take Confucius also. " poem " the cloud: "From Xi Zidong, from south from north, without think of refuse to obey. " this call also. " The Mencius says: " Ren Zerong, heartless criterion disgrace; Today evil disgrace and house heartless, be still evil wet and below house also. Be like evil, expensive heart of it would be better and honour person, virtuous person v/arc be on the throne, can person on-the-job; National leisure, reaching is when, bright its politics punishment. Although big country, surely of Wei. Shi Yun: "Of day waiting till not overcast and rainy, earth of thorough those mulberry, sentimentally attached windows door. Today this falls civilian, or dare does bully grant? " Confucius says: "The person that it is this poem, its know! Can rule its country, who dare of bully? " today national leisure, reaching is when, kind happy idle Ao, it is to beg disaster oneself also. Him all without exception of misfortune good fortune begs person. " poem " the cloud: "Always character matchs an order, beg much happiness oneself. " " too armour " say: "Day commit a sin, still all right violate; From commit a sin, cannot live. " this call also. " The Mencius says: " honour virtuous make can, v/arc be on the throne of person of outstanding talent, criterion of the world person all Yue, and wish to establish Yu Jichao; City, ancient name for ground allotted to a household and do not ask for, law and not ancient name for ground allotted to a household, criterion the Shang Jieyue of the world, and wish to hide at its city; Close, mock and do not ask for, criterion the brigade of the world all Yue, and wish to stem from its road; Cultivator, aid and not duty, criterion of the world farming all Yue, and wish to plough Yu Jiye; Ancient name for ground allotted to a household, without the cloth in the husband, criterion of the world civilian all Yue, and wish to do it the common people. The letter can go this 5 person, criterion of neighbour civilian Yang Zhire's parents, lead its children, attack its parents, autogenous civilian since have no can aid person also. Such, below inapproachable Yu Tian. The person that natural enemy falls at the day, weather official also. However not Wang Zhe, not have also. " The Mencius says: " the person all has cannot bear the person's heart. First Wang You cannot bear the person's heart, this have cannot bear of the person politics. In order to cannot bear the person's heart, cannot bear all right of the person politics, on the control that governs the world to be able to carry. Call so the person all has cannot bear the person's heart person, today the person sees suddenly child will enter Yu Jing, the parents that the heart that all has fear watchful compassion is not a less than to be handed in at childing also, blame want so praise at country party friend also, blame is evil its sound and like that also. By it is of view, do not have the heart of compassion, impersonal also; Without the heart with evil be ashamed, impersonal also; Do not have the heart of politely decline; Impersonal also; Do not have the heart of dispute, impersonal also. The heart of compassion, ren Zhiduan also; The heart with evil be ashamed, justice upright also; The heart of politely decline, the end of the ceremony also; The heart of dispute, zhi Zhiduan also. Of the person having is 4 end also, still its have 4 system also. Having is 4 end and call oneself cannot person, from the thief person also; Call its gentleman cannot person, thief its gentleman person also. Every has 4 end at me person, know all enlarge and fill, be like fire only then like that, of the spring only then amount to. Gou Neng fills, enough keeps the whole word; Careless does not fill, can't thing parents. " The Mencius says: " arrowy person heartless at case person? Arrowy person is wary do not injure a person, case person is wary injure a person. Witch artisan Yi Ran. Reason art cannot inadvertent also. Confucius says: "Li Renwei is beautiful. Choose is not in benevolence, yan Dezhi? " husband benevolence, the honour the rank of nobility of the day also, of the person install curtilage also. Mo Zhi drive and heartless, it is impolicy also. Heartless, impolicy, inurbane, without justice, person battle also. Person battle and shame is battle, by Gong Ren shame is bend, arrowy person and shame is arrow also. Be like shame, it would be better is benevolence. Benevolence person if shoot: The person that shoot oneself send after that; Send and bos, do not complain get the better of oneself person, seek the cause in oneself just. " The Mencius says: " child road, the person accuses in order to had had, be fond of. The reputed founder of the Ix Dynasty hears talk of be apt to, do obeisance to. Big Shun has big Yan, be apt to is the same as with the person, abandon oneself from the person, happy take think at the person be apt to, it is the Supreme Being from down to of agrarian sow, contented, fishing, no more than is taken at the person person. Take all people to think be apt to, it is good intentions person also. Reason gentleman is greatest good intentions. " The Mencius says: " Bai Yi, be not its gentleman, not thing; Be not its friend, not friendly. Do not establish the government at evil person, not with evil person character; Establish the government at evil person, with evil person character, if with Chao Yichao the coronal sits at great suffering. Push evil evil heart, think of stand with countryside person, its coronal is frame-up, hope to hope to go like that, if Mei Yan. Hereat is vassal although have kind its demit life and the person that come, do not suffer also. Do not suffer also person, it is to also distain already. Liu Xiahui not be ashamed Mr , not low young officer; Enter not concealed virtuous, with its surely; Comfort of involuntary discharge of urine and do not complain, be stranded is poor and do not sorrow. Friend says: "Er is Er, I am me, although leave uncovered Ti is naked Cheng at my side, er Yan can Mei me? " reason by by like that to it in the company of and do not break Yan oneself, aid and stop and stop. Aid and stop and the person that stop, it is to also distain to go already. " the Mencius says: " uncle exterminate narrow pass, willow issues benefit disrespectful, gentleman not by also. " |
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