五刑解_孔子家语
冉有問於孔子曰:「古者三皇五帝不用五刑,信乎?」孔子曰:「聖人之設防,貴其不犯也,制五刑而不用,所以為至治也.凡夫之為姦邪竊盜,靡法妄行者,生於不足,不足生於無度,無度則小者偷盜,大者侈靡,各不知節.是以上有制度,則民知所止,民知所止,則不犯.故雖有姦邪賊盜,靡法妄行之獄,而無陷刑之民.不孝者生於不仁,不仁者生於喪祭之禮明,喪祭之禮所以教仁愛也,能教仁愛,則喪思慕祭祀,不解人子饋養之道,喪祭之禮明,則民孝矣.故雖有不孝之獄,而無陷刑之民.殺上者生於不義,義所以別貴賤,明尊卑也,貴賤有別,尊卑有序,則民莫不尊上而敬長.朝聘之禮者,所以明義也,義必明則民不犯,故雖有殺上之獄,而無陷刑之民.鬥變者生於相陵,相陵者生於長幼無序,而遺敬讓,鄉飲酒之禮者,所以明長幼之序,而崇敬讓也,長幼必序,民懷敬讓,故雖有鬥變之獄,而無陷刑之民.淫亂者生於男女無別,男女無別,則夫婦失義,禮聘享者所以別男女,明夫婦之義也,男女既別,夫婦既明,故雖有淫亂之獄,而無陷刑之民.此五者,刑罰之所以生,各有源焉.不豫塞其源,而輒繩之以刑,是謂為民設阱而陷之.刑罰之源,生於嗜慾不節,失禮度者,所以禦民之嗜慾,而明好惡順天之道,禮度既陳,五教畢修,而民猶或未化,尚必明其法典以申固之.其犯姦邪靡法妄行之獄者,則飭制量之度;有犯不孝之獄者,則飭喪祭之禮;有犯殺上之獄者,則飭朝覲之禮;有犯鬥變之獄者,則飭鄉飲酒之禮;有犯淫亂之獄者,則飭婚聘之禮.三皇五帝之所化民者如此,雖有五刑之用,不亦可乎!」孔子曰:「大罪有五,而殺人為下,逆天地者罪及五世,誣文武者罪及四世,逆人倫者罪及三世,謀鬼神者罪及二世,手殺人者罪及其身,故曰大罪有五,而殺人為下矣.」
冉有問於孔子曰:「先王制法,使刑不上於大夫,禮不下於庶人,然則大夫犯罪,不可以加刑,庶人之行事,不可以治於禮乎?」孔子曰:「不然,凡治君子以禮御其心,所以屬之以廉恥之節也,故古之大夫,其有坐不廉汙穢而退放之者,不謂之不廉汙穢而退放,則曰簠簋不飭;有坐淫亂男女無別者,不謂之淫亂男女無別,則曰帷幕不修也;有坐罔上不忠者,不謂之罔上不忠,則曰臣節未著;有坐罷軟不勝任者,不謂之罷軟不勝任,則曰下官不職;有坐干國之紀者,不謂之干國之紀,則曰行事不請.此五者,大夫既自定有罪名矣,而猶不忍斥,然正以呼之也,既而為之諱,所以愧恥之,是故大夫之罪,其在五刑之域者,聞而譴發,則白冠釐纓,盤水加劍,造乎闕而自請罪,君不使有司執縳牽掣而加之也.其有大罪者,聞命則北面再拜,跪而自裁,君不使人捽引而刑殺.曰:『子大夫自取之耳,吾遇子有禮矣,以刑不上大夫而大夫亦不失其罪者,教使然也.』所謂禮不下庶人者,以庶人遽其事而不能充禮,故不責之以備禮也.」冉有跪然免席曰:「言則美矣,求未之聞,退而記之.」
冉有問於孔子曰:「先王制法,使刑不上於大夫,禮不下於庶人,然則大夫犯罪,不可以加刑,庶人之行事,不可以治於禮乎?」孔子曰:「不然,凡治君子以禮御其心,所以屬之以廉恥之節也,故古之大夫,其有坐不廉汙穢而退放之者,不謂之不廉汙穢而退放,則曰簠簋不飭;有坐淫亂男女無別者,不謂之淫亂男女無別,則曰帷幕不修也;有坐罔上不忠者,不謂之罔上不忠,則曰臣節未著;有坐罷軟不勝任者,不謂之罷軟不勝任,則曰下官不職;有坐干國之紀者,不謂之干國之紀,則曰行事不請.此五者,大夫既自定有罪名矣,而猶不忍斥,然正以呼之也,既而為之諱,所以愧恥之,是故大夫之罪,其在五刑之域者,聞而譴發,則白冠釐纓,盤水加劍,造乎闕而自請罪,君不使有司執縳牽掣而加之也.其有大罪者,聞命則北面再拜,跪而自裁,君不使人捽引而刑殺.曰:『子大夫自取之耳,吾遇子有禮矣,以刑不上大夫而大夫亦不失其罪者,教使然也.』所謂禮不下庶人者,以庶人遽其事而不能充禮,故不責之以備禮也.」冉有跪然免席曰:「言則美矣,求未之聞,退而記之.」
The five chief forms of punishment in ancient China sees sign of _ Confucius home New Sinology Chapter: Solution of the five chief forms of punishment in ancient China New Sinology BookName: Confucius home language New Sinology Catalog: Child ministry New Sinology Content: Wu Kongzi of Ran You says: " ancient person 3 emperor 5 emperor need not the five chief forms of punishment in ancient China, letter? " Confucius says: " the Yu of Long person is prevented, its do not make Zuo also, make the five chief forms of punishment in ancient China and need not, so comes treat also. Bao of Fu of evil, the person that absurd of law of blown away by wind goes, unripe at inadequacy, inadequacy is born to be spent at , spends small person steal Bao , big person wastefuling blown away by wind, each do not know Geng . It is above has a system, civilian knows what to stop, civilian know what to stop, does not make. Reason Zuo has Bao of evil Zuo , the that absurd of law of blown away by wind goes, and defect Xing Zhimin. Disobedient person unripe at heartless, heartless person give birth to the Die at hold a memorial ceremony for bright, the Die of hold a memorial ceremony for teachs benevolence so also, can teach benevolence , think of sb with respect is sacred, indissoluble person child the path of Zuo Zuo , the Die of hold a memorial ceremony for bright, civilian filial piety. Reason Zuo has disobedient , and defect Xing Zhimin. The person that go up is unripe at not Li , Li so Zuo Zuo , bright honour low also, Zuo Zuo has , honour low is orderly, civilian there's no one who doesn't or isn't honour go up and respect Zuo . The Die that face hires person, so bright Li also, Li needs bright civilian do not make, reason Zuo has the on , and defect Xing Zhimin. Zuo Zhu person unripe Wu Xiangling, photograph hill person unripe at Zuo young foreword, and Zuo respects Zhu , the Die of Zuo Zuo wine person, so bright Zuo young foreword, and esteem Zhu also, Zuo young surely foreword, civilian respects Zhu , reason Zuo has the of Zuo Zhu , and defect Xing Zhimin. Excessive person of female of unripe Wu Nan, of of male and female, husband breaks Li , Die hires the person that enjoy so men and women, the Li of Ming Fu also, men and women already , husband already bright, reason Zuo has the of excessive , and defect Xing Zhimin. This 5 person, punishment Li is born, each active Yan. Do not pleased Saijiyuan, and of Zuo Kui with punishment, it is trap of Zheng civilian Yu and of defect. The source of punishment Li , unripe at of be addicted to not Geng , break the person that Die is spent, so the of be addicted to of Die civilian, and bright the path of day of good Zuo , Die is spent already Zuo , 5 teach to repair, and civilian or did not change, shang Biming its code with Shen Guzhi. The person that its make the that absurd of law of evil blown away by wind goes, Zuo makes an amount degree; Have the person that make disobedient , the Die of hold a memorial ceremony for of Zuo ; Have the person that make the on , the Die of Yin of Zuo face; Have the person that make the of Zuo Zhu , the Die of wine of Zuo of Zuo Zuo ; Have the person that make the of excessive , the Die that Zuo marriage hires. The place of 5 emperor changes 3 emperor civilian person such, Zuo has the five chief forms of punishment in ancient China with, not Yi Ke! " Confucius says: " great pain has 5, and below person , blame of the person that go against heaven and earth reachs 5 ages, Zha civil and military person the blame reachs 4 ages, blame of the person that go against person reachs sansei, Zheng ghosts and gods person the blame reachs 2 ages, hand person person blame and its body, friend says great pain has 5, and person falls. " Wu Kongzi of Ran You says: " first king make a way, make punishment do not go up at the doctor, Die does not lay Wu Shu's person, like that Dr commits a crime, not OK infliction, the act of person of be the concubine, can you treat at Die ? " Confucius says: " otherwise, every treats gentleman with Die drive its heart, so the with cheap Geng of also, the doctor with ancient reason, its have sit not cheap Er and retreat those who put person, not of Zheng not cheap Er and retreat put, says Ha a round-mouthed food vessel with two or four loop handles not Zuo ; Have sit of of excessive men and women person, not the of of excessive men and women of Zheng , says heavy curtain is not repaired also; Have sit to not go up disloyal person, not of Zheng not go up disloyal, says official Geng was not written; Have sit Li Zuo not the person that holds the post of, not the Li Zuo of Zheng not holds the post of, says next officials not Long ; Have sit the person that do the Ji of , not the Ji of the dry of Zheng , says act not Zha . This 5 person, the doctor has charge surely oneself already, and cannot bear denounce, like that with breathing out also, subsequently the Zheng of , so of ashamed , the blame of hereat doctor, its are in the region of the five chief forms of punishment in ancient China person, Long and Zhu , Kui of Zuo of Bai Guan, Bao water adds , build Zuo and from Zha blame, gentleman does not make have pull of of department Jun and together with also. The person that its have great pain, Long life in do obeisance to again, genuflect and commit suicide, gentleman does not make person is brought and punishment . Say: "Child the side that the doctor takes oneself, I is encountered child have Die , do not go up with punishment doctor and the person that the doctor also does not break its blame, religion make like that also. " the person that place Zheng Die does not lay person of be the concubine, with hurriedly of person of be the concubine its thing and cannot fill Die , reason not of Zuo with Die also. " Ran You genuflect avoids Xi Yue like that: " character is beautiful, beg not Long , retreat and of Yin . " |
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