卷一百二十四·游侠列传第六十四_史记
章节: | 卷一百二十四·游侠列传第六十四 |
书名: | 史记 |
类目: | 史部 |
原作者: | 司马迁 |
朝代: | |
写作年代: | 约公元前150年 至 公元后924年 |
视频: | 卷一百二十四·游侠列传第六十四_史记 |
音频: | 卷一百二十四·游侠列传第六十四_史记 |
新国学: | 否 |
且缓急,人之所时有也。太史公曰:昔者虞舜窘于井廪,伊尹负于鼎俎,傅说匿于傅险,吕尚困于棘津,夷吾桎梏,百里饭牛,仲尼畏匡,菜色陈、蔡。此皆学士所谓有道仁人也,犹然遭此菑,况以中材而涉乱世之末流乎?其遇害何可胜道哉!
鄙人有言曰:“何知仁义,已飨其利者为有德。”故伯夷丑周,饿死首阳山,而文武不以其故贬王;跖、蹻暴戾,其徒诵义无穷。由此观之,“窃钩者诛,窃国者侯,侯之门仁义存”,非虚言也。
今拘学或抱咫尺之义,久孤于世,岂若卑论侪俗,与世沈浮而取荣名哉!而布衣之徒,设取予然诺,千里诵义,为死不顾世,此亦有所长,非苟而已也。故士穷窘而得委命,此岂非人之所谓贤豪间者邪?诚使乡曲之侠,予季次、原宪比权量力,效功于当世,不同日而论矣。要以功见言信,侠客之义又曷可少哉!
古布衣之侠,靡得而闻已。近世延陵、孟尝、春申、平原、信陵之徒,皆因王者亲属,藉于有土卿相之富厚,招天下贤者,显名诸侯,不可谓不贤者矣。比如顺风而呼,声非加疾,其埶激也。至如闾巷之侠,修行砥名,声施于天下,莫不称贤,是为难耳。然儒、墨皆排摈不载。自秦以前,匹夫之侠,湮灭不见,余甚恨之。以余所闻,汉兴有朱家、田仲、王公、剧孟、郭解之徒,虽时扞当世之文罔,然其私义廉絜退让,有足称者。名不虚立,士不虚附。至如朋党宗强比周,设财役贫,豪暴侵凌孤弱,恣欲自快,游侠亦丑之。余悲世俗不察其意,而猥以朱家、郭解等令与暴豪之徒同类而共笑之也。
鲁朱家者,与高祖同时。鲁人皆以儒教,而朱家用侠闻。所藏活豪士以百数,其馀庸人不可胜言。然终不伐其能,歆其德,诸所尝施,唯恐见之。振人不赡,先从贫贱始。家无馀财,衣不完采,食不重味,乘不过軥牛。专趋人之急,甚己之私。既阴脱季布将军之戹,及布尊贵,终身不见也。自关以东,莫不延颈原交焉。
楚田仲以侠闻,喜剑,父事朱家,自以为行弗及。田仲已死,而雒阳有剧孟。周人以商贾为资,而剧孟以任侠显诸侯。吴楚反时,条侯为太尉,乘传车将至河南,得剧孟,喜曰:“吴楚举大事而不求孟,吾知其无能为已矣。”天下骚动,宰相得之若得一敌国云。剧孟行大类朱家,而好博,多少年之戏。然剧孟母死,自远方送丧盖千乘。及剧孟死,家无馀十金之财。而符离人王孟亦以侠称江淮之间。
是时济南瞷氏、陈周庸亦以豪闻,景帝闻之,使使尽诛此属。其后代诸白、梁韩无辟、阳翟薛兄、陕韩孺纷纷复出焉。
郭解,轵人也,字翁伯,善相人者许负外孙也。解父以任侠,孝文时诛死。解为人短小精悍,不饮酒。少时阴贼,慨不快意,身所杀甚众。以躯借交报仇,藏命作奸剽攻,休铸钱掘冢,固不可胜数。适有天幸,窘急常得脱,若遇赦。及解年长,更折节为俭,以德报怨,厚施而薄望。然其自喜为侠益甚。既已振人之命,不矜其功,其阴贼着于心,卒发于睚眦如故云。而少年慕其行,亦辄为报仇,不使知也。解姊子负解之势,与人饮,使之嚼。非其任,强必灌之。人怒,拔刀刺杀解姊子,亡去。解姊怒曰:“以翁伯之义,人杀吾子,贼不得。”弃其尸于道,弗葬,欲以辱解。解使人微知贼处。贼窘自归,具以实告解。解曰:“公杀之固当,吾儿不直。”遂去其贼,罪其姊子,乃收而葬之。诸公闻之,皆多解之义,益附焉。
解出入,人皆避之。有一人独箕倨视之,解遣人问其名姓。客欲杀之。解曰:“居邑屋至不见敬,是吾德不修也,彼何罪!”乃阴属尉史曰:“是人,吾所急也,至践更时脱之。”每至践更,数过,吏弗求。怪之,问其故,乃解使脱之。箕踞者乃肉袒谢罪。少年闻之,愈益慕解之行。
雒阳人有相仇者,邑中贤豪居间者以十数,终不听。客乃见郭解。解夜见仇家,仇家曲听解。解乃谓仇家曰:“吾闻雒阳诸公在此间,多不听者。今子幸而听解,解柰何乃从他县夺人邑中贤大夫权乎!”乃夜去,不使人知,曰:“且无用,待我去,令雒阳豪居其间,乃听之。”
解执恭敬,不敢乘车入其县廷。之旁郡国,为人请求事,事可出,出之;不可者,各厌其意,然后乃敢尝酒食。诸公以故严重之,争为用。邑中少年及旁近县贤豪,夜半过门常十馀车,请得解客舍养之。
及徙豪富茂陵也,解家贫,不中訾,吏恐,不敢不徙。卫将军为言:“郭解家贫不中徙。”上曰:“布衣权至使将军为言,此其家不贫。”解家遂徙。诸公送者出千馀万。轵人杨季主子为县掾,举徙解。解兄子断杨掾头。由此杨氏与郭氏为仇。
解入关,关中贤豪知与不知,闻其声,争交驩解。解为人短小,不饮酒,出未尝有骑。已又杀杨季主。杨季主家上书,人又杀之阙下。上闻,乃下吏捕解。解亡,置其母家室夏阳,身至临晋。临晋籍少公素不知解,解冒,因求出关。籍少公已出解,解转入太原,所过辄告主人家。吏逐之,迹至籍少公。少公自杀,口绝。久之,乃得解。穷治所犯,为解所杀,皆在赦前。轵有儒生侍使者坐,客誉郭解,生曰:“郭解专以奸犯公法,何谓贤!”解客闻,杀此生,断其舌。吏以此责解,解实不知杀者。杀者亦竟绝,莫知为谁。吏奏解无罪。御史大夫公孙弘议曰:“解布衣为任侠行权,以睚眦杀人,解虽弗知,此罪甚于解杀之。当大逆无道。”遂族郭解翁伯。
自是之后,为侠者极众,敖而无足数者。然关中长安樊仲子,槐里赵王孙,长陵高公子,西河郭公仲,太原卤公孺,临淮儿长卿,东阳田君孺,虽为侠而逡逡有退让君子之风。至若北道姚氏,西道诸杜,南道仇景,东道赵他、羽公子,南阳赵调之徒,此盗跖居民间者耳,曷足道哉!此乃乡者朱家之羞也。
太史公曰:吾视郭解,状貌不及中人,言语不足采者。然天下无贤与不肖,知与不知,皆慕其声,言侠者皆引以为名。谚曰:“人貌荣名,岂有既乎!”于戏,惜哉!
游侠豪倨,藉藉有声。权行州里,力折公卿。朱家脱季,剧孟定倾。急人之难,免雠于更。伟哉翁伯,人貌荣名。
Roll biographies of 124 · You Xia the 64th _ history write down New Sinology Chapter: Roll biographies of 124 · You Xia the 64th New Sinology BookName: History write down New Sinology Catalog: History ministry New Sinology Content: Han Zi says: "Confucianism with article random method, and a person adept in martial arts and given to chivalrous conduct with fierce violate a ban. " both all mock, and bachelor weighs Yu Shiyun more. If take doctor of dear of prime minister in feudal China with art,come, complementary ala its world advocate, all of scholarly honour and official rank is worn Yu Chunqiu, solid is not had but character person. If,reach season second, Yuan Xian, alleying person also, read the bosom goes alone the heart of gentleman, justice not illicit sexual relations is become world, also laugh when the world. Reason season second, Yuan Xian is lifelong empty room bitter fleabane door, brown garment is scanty feed not tire of. Dead just 400 Yu year, and the tireless of child annals. Today You Xia, although,its go Yu Zhengyi of against the law, like that its Yan Bixin, its need all right if really, already Nuo needs sincere, do not love its human body, go to person is tired, already lived or die dead to be born already, and not pity its can, be ashamed cut down its heart, gai Yiyou is sufficient much person Yan. And emergency, the person's place from time to tome also. Too history fair say: Former times Zhe Yushun is disconcerted Yu Jing granary, yi Yin loses Yu Ding an ancient sacrificial utensil, teach says a place difficult of access of conceal Yu Fu, lv Shang strands Yu Ji ferry, exterminate my fetters and handcuffs, meal of a hunderd li is arrogant, intermediate Niwei is corrected, famished look old, Cai. This all bachelor is alleged have benevolence person also, still meet with like that this Qia , besides with in material and the later and decadent stage of a school of thought of experience troubled times? I have Yan Yue: "Why to know Ren Yi, already provided dinner for its benefit person to have heart. " ugly week of reason uncle exterminate, starved to death a Yang Shan, and civil and military does not demote with its reason king; Zhi, Zuo is ruthless and cruel, its Tu Songyi is boundless. Watch from this, "Steal kill of the person that hook, usurp state power person Hou, the Menrenyi of Hou is put " , the character that be not empty also. Arrest learns or hold in the arms today very close justice, long Gu at the world, be like low to talk Chai Su, take Rong Mingzai with world Shenyang float! And the apprentice of the commoners, set take grant to promise, song of a thousand li justice, disregard a world to die, this also grows somewhat, blame careless just also. Reason person end is embarrassing and appoint life, this impersonal alleged between virtuous a person of extraordinary powers person unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease? Sincere make countryside Qu Zhixia, grant season second, estimate one's own strength of power of Yuan Xian comparing, effect result at when the world, different day and talk. Want with result letter seeing word, of a person adept in martial arts and given to chivalrous conduct justice how Ke Shaozai! A person adept in martial arts and given to chivalrous conduct of ancient commoners, no and hear already. Recent Yan Ling, the first month is tasted, the Chun Shen, Campagna, follower that believes hill, all because of Wang Zhe's relative, jie at having earthy dear Xiang Zhifu is thick, action the world virtuous person, show a name vassal, cannot call not virtuous person. For instance downwind and breathe out, acoustical blame increases difficulty, its is stimulated also. A person adept in martial arts and given to chivalrous conduct that if alley,comes, whetstoning name of cultivate oneself according to a religious doctrine, sound applies Yu Tian to fall, there's no one who doesn't or isn't says virtuous, it is embarrassed ear. Like that Confucianism, Chinese ink all is discharged discard not to carry. From the Qin Dynasty previously, a person adept in martial arts and given to chivalrous conduct of ordinary man, annihilate disappears, beyond hate very. Hear with more than, the first month of Han Xingyou Zhu Jia, Tian Zhong, princes and dukes, drama, Guo Jiezhi apprentice, although when is become the article of the world not, like that its illicit concede of justice cheap Jian , have the sufficient person that say. Renown not empty stands, person not empty is added. If clique an administrative unit in Xizang is compared by force,come, set money battle deficient, a person of extraordinary powers is cruel invade Ling Guruo, desire of do as one pleases from fast, of You Xia Yi Chou. Yu Bei is lay not examine its meaning, Home Lu Zhu person, with great-great-grandfather at the same time. Lu Ren all with confusianism, and a person adept in martial arts and given to chivalrous conduct of bright red family expenses is heard. What hide vivid a person of extraordinary powers person with hundred, its Yu mediocre person cannot get the better of character. Like that eventually not cut down its can, xin its heart, all place are tasted apply, wary those who see. Brace up the person does not sufficient, first from poor and lowly only then. The home does not have Yu money, the garment is not over collect, feed not heavy flavour, had not taken Zuo cattle. Only of hasten person urgent, very personal illicit. Already the that shade takes off Ji Bu's general, reach cloth exalted, lifelong disappear also. Close oneself to the south of, Chu Tianzhong is heard with a person adept in martial arts and given to chivalrous conduct, xi Jian, father thing Zhu Jia, flatter oneself nots all right reach. Tian Zhong is dead already, and Luo Yang has drama the first month. Zhou Ren is with the merchant endowment, and drama the first month is shown with Ren Xia vassal. When Wu Chu is turned over, hou Weitai Wei, by pass car general to Henan, get drama the first month, be fond of: "Wu Chu raises a major issue and do not seek the first month, I knows its to be trivially already. " the world becomes restless, prime minister in feudal China gets if get cloud of one enemy state. Kinds of travel of drama the first month is big Zhu Jia, and good rich, play of how many years. Like that mother of drama the first month is dead, build from distance attend a funeral 1000 by. The first month that reach drama is dead, the home does not have Yu the money of 10 gold. And accord with leaves Yi Yixia of person king the first month to weigh Jiang Huai between. Be when Yi Yihao hears Jinan Bing , Chen Zhouyong, of Jing Diwen, make make put to death this is belonged to. Han of all white, bridge do not have its offspring elder brother of Xue of monarch, Yang Di, Shan Hanru reappears in succession Yan. Guo Jie, zhi person also, word Weng Bai, person of photograph of be apt to person make negative grandson also. See father with Ren Xia, the kill when filial piety article is dead. Solution humanness is dapper, do not drink. Little when shade thief, deeply touched is not pleased, body place is killed very numerous. Borrow with human body hand in revenge, tibetan life makes evil nimble attack, cease casting money digs grave, solid countless. Comfortable I hope one day, disconcerted often get urgently, if encounter condone. Reach solution old, more fold a section to be frugal, return good for evil, thick apply and Bao Wang. Like that its are fond of the beneficial that it is a person adept in martial arts and given to chivalrous conduct oneself very. Already already brace up the person's life, not pity its result, its shade thief is worn at the heart, soldier is sent at angrying stare as before cloud. And teenager Mu Jihang, also always to revenge, do not make know also. Solve elder sister child the situation of negative solution, with person drink, make chew. Be not its to allow, need by force of fill. Person anger, unplug knife assassinate solves elder sister child, die. The anger that solve elder sister says: "With Weng Baizhi justice, the person kills me child, the thief is not gotten. " abandon its cadaver at, not bury, be about to solve with disgrace. Solution makes a person small place knowing an enemy. The thief is disconcerted return oneself, with solid accuse solution. Solution says: "Fair killed firm is become, I not straight. " go then its thief, blame its elder sister child, close therefore and of bury. Of Zhu Gongwen, all much Jie Zhiyi, beneficial adds Yan. Solution comes in and go out, the person all avoids. Have one person alone dustpan haughties inspect, the person that solve dispatch asks its name the last name. The guest is about to kill. Solution says: "The house that reside city comes not to see respect, it is my heart are not repaired also, those why blame! " it is shade to belong to Wei Shi Yue: "It is a person, I urgent also, to carry out more when those who take off. " every come carry out more, had counted, official nots beg. Strange, ask its friend, solve those who make therefore. The person that sit with one's legs stretched out is offer an apology of fleshy leave uncovered. Teenager Wen Zhi, more the travel that beneficial admire solves. Luo in relief person has photograph Chou Zhe, virtuous a person of extraordinary powers is between two parties in city person with ten, do not listen eventually. The guest sees Guo Jie therefore. Solution night sees Chou Jia, enemy home Qu Ting is solved. Solution calls therefore Chou Jia says: "I hears Luo Yang all fair here, much not auditor. Today child luckily listens solution, in solving a kind of apple why to seize person city from his county therefore, virtuous doctor counterpoises! " it is night, do not make the person knows, say: "And useless, wait for me, your Luo Yang Hao resides meantime, listen therefore. Listen therefore.. Solution hold respect, dare not enter its county the seat of a monarchical government by the car. by county country, humanness asks a thing, the thing can go, go out; Cannot person, each be disgusted with its meaning, dare taste food and drink therefore next. All fair with reason serious, contend for to use. The teenager in city and by close county virtuous a person of extraordinary powers, midnight move into one's husband's household upon marriage Chang Shiyu car, ask those who raise so that solve a guest to abandon. Mao Ling of the rich and powerful that reach move from one place to another also, solve a deficient, bos slanders, official fears, not dare not move from one place to another. Defend a general to be character: "Guo interprets move of domestic deficient bos. " go up: "Commoners authority comes make the general is character, this its home not deficient. " Jie Jiasui move from one place to another. All fair person that send give 1000 Yu 10 thousand. Boss of season of Zhi person poplar is prefectural Yuan, lift solution of move from one place to another. Solution elder brother child break poplar Yuan head. From this Yang and Guo are enemy. Solution is entered close, virtuous a person of extraordinary powers knows the central Shaanxi plain with do not know, wen Jisheng, argue the solution that hand in Zuo . Solution humanness is smallish, do not drink, piece have not have ride. Already killed Yang Ji again advocate. Yang Ji advocate domestic submit a written statement to a higher authority, the Que Xia that the person kills again. Hear on, issue official to catch solution therefore. Solution dies, buy summer of room of its mother home is in relief, come personally face advance. Little common element does not know the native place that face advance solution, solution is risked, because beg,go out close. Home town is little fair already gave solution, solution turns into Taiyuan, what cross always to tell master home. Official chases, mark comes home town is little fair. Little fair suicide, mouth absolutely. For a long time, get solution therefore. Treat place to make thoroughly, the place that it is solution is killed, all be before condone. Zhi has emissary of Confucian scholar serve to sit, guest praise Guo Jie, be born: "Guo Jie makes public law with evil only, what is meant by virtuous! " solution guest is heard, kill this to be born, break its tongue. Official with this duty solution, solve the solid person that do not know to kill. Yi Jing of the person that kill absolutely, who is Mo Zhi. Official achieve solution is innocent. Great of a surname of drive history doctor discusses: "Solution commoners counterpoises all right for Ren Xia, commit murder in order to angry stare, although solution nots know, this blame kills at solution very. When greatest outrage do not have. " satisfy Jie Wengbai of a group of things with common features Guo. After naturally, the person that it is a person adept in martial arts and given to chivalrous conduct is extremely numerous, ao and the person that do not have sufficient number. Like that fencing Zhong Zi of Chang'an of the central Shaanxi plain, the Zhao Wangsun in the pagoda tree, grow hill high son of a feudal prince or high official, on the west river Guo Gongzhong, taiyuan bittern fair child, face the Huaihe River long dear, child of Mr Dong Yangtian, although for a person adept in martial arts and given to chivalrous conduct Qun Qun has the wind of concede gentleman. To the path that be like north Yao, on the west Zhu Du, na Daochou scene, zhao of one who treats sb to a meal him, feather childe, the person that Nanyang Zhao moves, ear of the person that this pilfer Zhi resides folk, Too history fair say: I inspects Guo Jie, appearance not as good as go-between, utterance is not worth the person that collect. Like that the world is not had virtuous with unworthy, know with do not know, all Mu Jisheng, yan Xia person all bring think renown. Adage says: "Name of person appearance flourish, have already! " at play, cherish! You Xia a person of extraordinary powers haughties, jie Jie is phonic. In authority travel city, force She Gongqing. Home Zhu takes off season, drama the first month decides bend. Of urgent person difficult, avoid Chou at more. Wei Weng Bai, name of person appearance flourish. |
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