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卷一百一十六·西南夷列传_史记

  西南夷君长以什数,夜郎最大;其西靡莫之属以什数,滇最大;自滇以北君长以什数,邛都最大:此皆魋结,耕田,有邑聚。其外西自同师以东,北至楪榆,名为巂、昆明,皆编发,随畜迁徙,毋常处,毋君长,地方可数千里。自巂以东北,君长以什数,徙、筰都最大;自筰以东北,君长以什数,厓駹最大。其俗或士箸,或移徙,在蜀之西。自厓駹以东北,君长以什数,白马最大,皆氐类也。此皆巴蜀西南外蛮夷也。

 
  始楚威王时,使将军庄蹻将兵循江上,略巴、黔中以西。庄蹻者,故楚庄王苗裔也。蹻至滇池,方三百里,旁平地,肥饶数千里,以兵威定属楚。欲归报,会秦击夺楚巴、黔中郡,道塞不通,因还,以其众王滇,变服,从其俗,以长之。秦时常頞略通五尺道,诸此国颇置吏焉。十馀岁,秦灭。及汉兴,皆弃此国而开蜀故徼。巴蜀民或窃出商贾,取其筰马、僰僮、髦牛,以此巴蜀殷富。
 
  建元六年,大行王恢击东越,东越杀王郢以报。恢因兵威使番阳令唐蒙风指晓南越。南越食蒙蜀枸酱,蒙问所从来,曰“道西北牂柯,牂柯江广数里,出番禺城下”。蒙归至长安,问蜀贾人,贾人曰:“独蜀出枸酱,多持窃出市夜郎。夜郎者,临牂柯江,江广百馀步,足以行船。南越以财物役属夜郎,西至同师,然亦不能臣使也。”蒙乃上书说上曰:“南越王黄屋左纛,地东西万馀里,名为外臣,实一州主也。今以长沙、豫章往,水道多绝,难行。窃闻夜郎所有精兵,可得十馀万,浮船牂柯江,出其不意,此制越一奇也。诚以汉之彊,巴蜀之饶,通夜郎道,为置吏,易甚。”上许之。乃拜蒙为郎中将,将千人,食重万馀人,从巴蜀筰关入,遂见夜郎侯多同。蒙厚赐,喻以威德,约为置吏,使其子为令。夜郎旁小邑皆贪汉缯帛,以为汉道险,终不能有也,乃且听蒙约。还报,乃以为犍为郡。发巴蜀卒治道,自僰道指牂柯江。蜀人司马相如亦言西夷邛、筰可置郡。使相如以郎中将往喻,皆如南夷,为置一都尉,十馀县,属蜀。
 
  当是时,巴蜀四郡通西南夷道,戍转相饟。数岁,道不通,士罢饿离湿死者甚众;西南夷又数反,发兵兴击,秏费无功。上患之,使公孙弘往视问焉。还对,言其不便。及弘为御史大夫,是时方筑朔方以据河逐胡,弘因数言西南夷害,可且罢,专力事匈奴。上罢西夷,独置南夷夜郎两县一都尉,稍令犍为自葆就。
 
  及元狩元年,博望侯张骞使大夏来,言居大夏时见蜀布、邛竹、杖,使问所从来,曰“从东南身毒国,可数千里,得蜀贾人市”。或闻邛西可二千里有身毒国。骞因盛言大夏在汉西南,慕中国,患匈奴隔其道,诚通蜀,身毒国道便近,有利无害。於是天子乃令王然于、柏始昌、吕越人等,使间出西夷西,指求身毒国。至滇,滇王尝羌乃留,为求道西十馀辈。岁馀,皆闭昆明,莫能通身毒国。
 
  滇王与汉使者言曰:“汉孰与我大?”及夜郎侯亦然。以道不通故,各自以为一州主,不知汉广大。使者还,因盛言滇大国,足事亲附。天子注意焉。
 
  及至南越反,上使驰义侯因犍为发南夷兵。且兰君恐远行,旁国虏其老弱,乃与其众反,杀使者及犍为太守。汉乃发巴蜀罪人尝击南越者八校尉击破之。会越已破,汉八校尉不下,即引兵还,行诛头兰。头兰,常隔滇道者也。已平头兰,遂平南夷为牂柯郡。夜郎侯始倚南越,南越已灭,会还诛反者,夜郎遂入朝。上以为夜郎王。
 
  南越破後,及汉诛且兰、邛君,并杀筰侯,厓駹皆振恐,请臣置吏。乃以邛都为越巂郡,筰都为沈犁郡,厓駹为汶山郡,广汉西白马为武都郡。
 
  上使王然于以越破及诛南夷兵威风喻滇王入朝。滇王者,其众数万人,其旁东北有劳洸、靡莫,皆同姓相扶,未肯听。劳洸、靡莫数侵犯使者吏卒。元封二年,天子发巴蜀兵击灭劳洸、靡莫,以兵临滇。滇王始首善,以故弗诛。滇王离难西南夷,举国降,请置吏入朝。於是以为益州郡,赐滇王王印,复长其民。
 
  西南夷君长以百数,独夜郎、滇受王印。滇小邑,最宠焉。
 
  太史公曰:楚之先岂有天禄哉?在周为文王师,封楚。及周之衰,地称五千里。秦灭诸候,唯楚苗裔尚有滇王。汉诛西南夷,国多灭矣,唯滇复为宠王。然南夷之端,见枸酱番禺,大夏杖、邛竹。西夷後揃,剽分二方,卒为七郡。
 
  西南外徼,庄蹻首通。汉因大夏,乃命唐蒙。劳洸、靡莫,异俗殊风。夜郎最大,邛、筰称雄。及置郡县,万代推功。



  • New Sinology Title:
    Roll _ history writes down biographies of 116 · southwest exterminate

    New Sinology Chapter:
    Roll biographies of exterminate of 116 · southwest

    New Sinology BookName:
    History write down

    New Sinology Catalog:
    History ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    Southwest exterminate gentleman grows to be counted with assorted, nocturnal man is the oldest; Its no on the west Mo Zhi is belonged to count with assorted, another name for Yunnan Province is the biggest; Grow to be counted with assorted with boreal gentleman from another name for Yunnan Province, qiong is the biggest: This all Zuo knot, agrarian cropland, city gets together. Outside its division is the same as oneself on the west to the south of, north comes Yu, the name is , Kunming, all make up hair, migrate along with cultivate, often not be in, wu Jun is long, the place can count a thousand li. From with northeast, gentleman grows to be counted with assorted, move from one place to another, Geng is the biggest; From Geng with northeast, gentleman grows to be counted with assorted, Zuo is the biggest. Its common or person chopsticks, or move move from one place to another, in Sichuan on the west. From Zuo with northeast, gentleman grows to be counted with assorted, bai Ma is the biggest, all an ancient nationality in China kind also.

     
    Only then when Hunan power king, make Zuo of check place of business get on Bing Xunjiang, slightly cling to, in Guizhou with on the west. Village Zuo person, king of reason Hunan village progenies also. Zuo comes pool of another name for Yunnan Province, square 300 lis, level the land by, fat forgive counts a thousand li, belong to Hunan surely with arms power. Be about to put in a newspaper 's charge, meeting the Qin Dynasty attacks the county in seizing Chu Ba, Guizhou, path a place of strategic importance is illogical, because return, with its numerous Wang Dian, change take, from its common, with growing. Constant Zuo connects the Qin Dynasty slightly 5 feet path, all this countries quite buy official Yan. 10 Yu year old, the Qin Dynasty destroys. Ji Hanxing, all abandon this state and open Sichuan reason Jiao. Ba Shumin or steal a merchant, take cattle of Zhuang of its Geng horse, , children's hair, with this Bashu Yan Fu.
     
    Build yuan 6 years, big Wang Hui is attacked east more, wang Ying is killed more east in order to declare. Extensive makes a Yang Lingtang unconscious because of arms power wind shows Xiao Na is jumped over. Na Yue eats sauce of Meng Shu Gou, unconscious ask institute all along, say " path northwest stalks or branch, in vast number of river stalking or branch, give a Yu city to fall " . Unconscious return to Chang'an, ask Sichuan merchant the person, gu Ren says: "Alone Sichuan gives Gou sauce, hold more steal man of night giving city. Nocturnal man person, face Ke Jiang, pace of Jiang Anbai Yu, enough sail a boat. Na Yue belongs to nocturnal man with property battle, come on the west with division, like that also cannot I make also. " Meng Nai submit a written statement to a higher authority says: "Different a big army banner used in ancient times of Wang Huang house is jumped over south, land from east to west in 10 thousand Yu, renown the official outside be, solid one city advocate also. Go to with chapter of Changsha, comfort today, aqueduct is much absolutely, go hard. Steal Wen Yelang all picked troops, can get 10 Yu 10 thousand, pontoon Ke Jiang, do with sb unconscious, this makes Yue Yiji also. Sincere with Chinese , bashu's forgive, all night man, for buy official, easy very. " go up Xu Zhi. Naibaimeng is man lieutenant general, 1000 people, feed weigh person of 10 thousand Yu, close from Ba Shu Geng , see nocturnal man Hou is the same as more then. Meng Houci, yu Yiwei heart, it is buy official about, make its child to make. The wapentake other nocturnal man all has an insatiable desire for silk of Chinese an ancient term for silk fabrics, think Chinese path danger, cannot have eventually also, therefore and listen unconscious about. Return a newspaper, think Qian is county therefore. Send Ba Shucu to be treated, point to Ke Jiang from path. Sichuan person Qiong of Xi Yi of Sima Xiangru Yi Yan, Geng but buy county. Make similar go to with man lieutenant general analogy, all be like Na Yi, for buy one Dou Wei, 10 Yu county, belong to Sichuan.
     
    Should be when, 4 county connect Ba Shu southwest exterminate path, defend turns photograph Zuo . Several years old, path be illogical, person stop hunger is very numerous from wet dead; Southwest exterminate is counted again instead, hair arms is promoted attack, Die cost is not had result. Suffer from on, make a surname great is gone to inspect ask Yan. Right still, character its are disadvantageous. Reach great to be drive history doctor, be when Fang Zhushuo just chases moustache with occupying a river, exterminate of southwest of great factor character is killed, but and stop, only force issue Hun. Xi Yi stops on, nocturnal man smooths south buy alone two counties one Dou Wei, make a bit Qian is from nurture.
     
    Reach yuan hunting the first year of an era or the reign of an emperor, rich hopes Hou Zhangqian makes big summer comes, character sees bamboo of Sichuan cloth, Qiong, rod or staff used for a specific purpose when Ju Daxia, make ask institute all along, say " from southeast body poisonous country, can count a thousand li, city of the Gu Ren that get Sichuan " . Or hear Qiong on the west but country of 2000 lis of poison having a body. Because Qian fills southwest of character big Xia Zaihan, admire China, suffer from Hun to lie between its to, sincere connect Sichuan, body poisonous country close, advantageous and harmless. At it is the emperor is your Wang Ran at, Bai Shichang, Lv Yue's person waits, make give Xi Yi on the west, point to country of the poison that beg a body. To another name for Yunnan Province, king of another name for Yunnan Province tastes Qiang to stay therefore, to seek Xi Shiyu people of a certain kind. Year old Yu, all shut Kunming, poisonous country of Mo Nengtong body.
     
    Character of emissary of Wang Yuhan of another name for Yunnan Province says: "Am Chinese what and I big? " Hou Yiran of the man that reach night. Be illogical in order to reason, think severally one city advocate, do not know Chinese broad. Emissary is returned, because fill big country of character another name for Yunnan Province, full responsibility is added in person. The emperor notices Yan.
     
    Until Na Yue is turned over, make on gallop justice Hou is hair Na Yibing because of Qian. Ju Lanjun fears going on a long journey, by country captive its the old and weak, therefore as numerous as its instead, kill emissary and Qian to be viceregal. Malefactor of Han Naifa Ba Shu tastes the person that attack Na Yue of checkmate of 8 school Wei. Already can defeat more, chinese 8 school Wei does not fall, bring namely arms still, travel kill head orchid. Head orchid, the person that often lie between another name for Yunnan Province to also. Already crop orchid, satisfy Ping Nayi to be Ke Jun. Nocturnal man is jumped over south Hou Shiyi, na Yue already destroyed, can return the person that kill is turned over, nocturnal man enters day then. Nocturnal man king thinks on.
     
    Na Yue defeats after, reach Chinese put to death and orchid, Mr Qiong, kill Geng Hou, Zuo all brace up fear, ask official buy official. It is the county that jump over with Qiong therefore, Geng plows county for Shenyang, Zuo is county of hill of short of Wenshui River, an Hanxi white horse is Wu Doujun.
     
    Make Wang Ran reachs kill Na Yibing at be being defeated in order to jump over on Wang Ruchao of awe-inspiring Yu Dian. Wang Zhe of another name for Yunnan Province, its mode 10 thousand people, the northeast other its has fatigue , blown away by wind not, all photograph of of the same surname is helped up, did not agree to listen. Fatigue , blown away by wind not is counted encroach emissary official soldier. Yuan inside front cover year, the emperor sends Ba Shubing to attack destroy fatigue , blown away by wind not, with arms face another name for Yunnan Province. Wang Shi of another name for Yunnan Province head be apt to, not with reason kill. King of another name for Yunnan Province smooths from difficult southwest, the whole nation falls, the official that ask buy enters day. answer long its civilian.
     
    Southwest exterminate gentleman is long with hundred, alone nocturnal man, another name for Yunnan Province suffers Wang Yin. Wapentake of another name for Yunnan Province, bestow favor on Yan most.
     
    Too history fair say: Chu Zhixian one day Lu Zai? In division of Zhou Weiwen king, feng Chu. Reach Zhou Zhi to decline, the ground weighs 5000 lis. The Qin Dynasty destroys all awaiting, only Chu Miaoyi still has king of another name for Yunnan Province. Chinese kill southwest smooths, the country destroys more, only answer of another name for Yunnan Province is bestow favor on king. Like that Na Yi's end, sauce seeing Gou time Yu, bamboo of big summer bastinado, Qiong. After smooths on the west, nimble is divided square, soldier is 7 county.
     
    The Jiao outside southwest, village Zuo first. Chinese Yindaxia, tang Meng you a life. Fatigue , blown away by wind not, wind of different common different. Nocturnal man is the oldest, rule the region of Qiong, Geng . Reach buy county county, 10 thousand generation are pushed result.


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