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礼运_孔子家语

章节: 礼运
书名: 孔子家语
类目: 子部
原作者:
朝代:
写作年代: 约公元前18年  至  公元后273年
视频: 礼运_孔子家语
音频: 礼运_孔子家语
新国学:
  孔子為魯司寇,與於蜡,既賓事畢,乃出遊於觀之上,喟然而嘆.言偃侍曰:「夫子何嘆也?」孔子曰:「昔大道之行,與三代之英,吾未之逮也,而有記焉.大道之行,天下為公,選賢與能,講信修睦.故人不獨親其親,不獨子其子,老有所終,壯有所用,矜寡孤疾,皆有所養.貨惡其棄於地,不必藏於己.力惡其不出於身,不必為人.是以姦謀閉而不興,盜竊亂賊不作.故外戶而不閉,謂之大同.今大道既隱,天下為家,各親其親,各子其子,貨則為己,力則為人.大人世及以為常,城郭溝池以為固.禹湯文武,成王周公,由此而選,未有不謹於禮,禮之所興,與天地並,如有不由禮而在位者,則以為殃.」言偃復問曰:「如此乎,禮之急也.」孔子曰:「夫禮,先王所以承天之道,以治人之情,列其鬼神,達於喪祭鄉射冠婚朝聘.故聖人以禮示之,則天下國家可得以禮正矣.」言偃曰:「今之在位,莫知由禮,何也?」孔子曰:「嗚呼哀哉!我觀周道,幽厲傷也,吾捨魯何適?夫魯之郊及禘皆非禮,周公其已衰矣.杞之郊也禹,宋之郊也契,是天子之事守也,天子以杞宋二王之後,周公攝政致太平,而與天子同是禮也.諸侯祭社稷宗廟,上下皆奉其典,而祝嘏莫敢易其常法,是謂大嘉.今使祝嘏辭說,徒藏於宗祝巫史,非禮也,是謂幽國;醆斝及尸君,非禮也,是謂僭君;冕弁兵車,藏於私家,非禮也,是謂脅君;大夫具官,祭器不假,聲樂皆具,非禮也,是為亂國.故仕於公曰臣,仕於家曰僕.三年之喪,與新有婚者,期不使也.以衰嘗入朝,與家僕雜居齊齒,非禮也,是謂臣與君共國;天子有田,以處其子孫,諸侯有國,以處其子孫,大夫有采,以處其子孫,是謂制度;天子適諸侯,必舍其宗廟,而不禮籍入,是謂天子壞法亂紀;諸侯非問疾弔喪,而入諸臣之家,是謂君臣為謔.夫禮者,君之柄,所以別嫌明微,儐鬼神,考制度,列仁義,立政教,安君臣上下也.故政不正則君位危,君位危則大臣倍,小臣竊,刑肅而俗弊則法無常,法無常則禮無別,禮無別則士不仕,民不歸,是謂疵國.是故夫政者,君之所以藏身也,必本之天效以降命,命降於社,之謂教地,降於祖廟,之謂仁義,降於山川,之謂興作,降于五祀,之謂制度,此聖人所以藏身之固也.聖人參於天地,並於鬼神以治政也.處其所存,禮之序也,翫其所樂,民之治也.天生時,地生財,人其父生而師教之,四者君以政用之,所以立於無過之地.君者,人所明,非明人者也;人所養,非養人者也;人所事,非事人者也.夫君者,明人則有過,故養人則不足,事人則失位,故百姓明君以自治,養君以自安,事君以自顯,是以禮達而分定.人皆愛其死,而患其生,是故用人之智去其詐,用人之勇去其怒,用人之仁去其貪.國有患,君死社稷為之義,大夫死宗廟為之變.凡聖人能以天下為一家,以中國為一人,非意之,必知其情,從於其義,明於其利,達於其患,然後為之.何謂人情?喜怒哀懼愛惡欲,七者弗學而能;何謂人義?父慈子孝,兄良弟悌,夫義婦聽,長惠幼順,君仁臣忠,十者謂之人義;講信修睦,謂之人利,爭奪相殺,謂之人患;聖人之所以治人七情,脩十義,講信脩睦,尚辭讓,去爭奪,舍禮何以治之;飲食男女,人之大欲存焉,死亡貧苦,人之大惡存焉.欲惡者,人之大端,人藏其心,不可測度,美惡皆在其心,不見其色,欲一以窮之,舍禮何以哉?故人者,天地之德,陰陽之交,鬼神之會,五行之秀.天秉陽,垂日星,地秉陰,載於山川,播五行於四時,和四氣而後月生,是以三五而盈,三五而缺,五行之動,共相竭也.五行四氣十二月,還相為本;五聲五律十二管,還相為宮;五味六和十二食,還相為質;五色六章十二衣,還相為主.故人者,天地之心,而五行之端,食味別聲被色而生者.聖人作則,必以天地為本,以陰陽為端,以四時為柄,以日星為紀,月以為量,鬼神以為徒,五行以為質,禮義以為器,人情以為田,四靈以為畜.以天地為本,故物可舉;以陰陽為端,故情可睹;以四時為柄,故事可勸;以日星為紀,故業可別;月以為量,故功有藝;鬼神以為徒,故事有守;五行以為質,故事可復也;禮義以為器,故事行有考;人情以為田,四靈以為畜.何謂四靈?麟鳳龜龍謂之四靈.故龍以為畜,而魚鮪不諗;鳳以為畜,而鳥不<羽氐>;麟以為畜,而獸不<犭越>;龜以為畜,而人情不失.先王秉蓍龜,列祭祀,瘞,繒,宣,祝嘏,設制度,祝嘏辭說.故國有禮,官有御,職有序,先王患禮之不達於下,故饗帝于郊,所以定天位也;祀社於國,所以列地利也;禘祖廟,所以本仁也;旅山川,所以儐鬼神也;祭五祀,所以本事也.故宗祝在廟,三公在朝,三老在學,王前巫而後史,卜蓍瞽侑,皆在左右,王中心無為也,以守至正.是以禮行于郊,而百神受職,禮行於社,而百貨可極,禮行於祖廟,而孝慈服焉,禮行於五祀,而正法則焉.故郊社宗廟山川五祀,義之脩而禮之藏.夫禮必本於太一,分而為天地,轉而為陰陽,變而為四時,列而為鬼神,其降曰命,其官於天也,協於分藝,其居於人也,曰養.所以講信修睦,而固人之肌膚之會,筋骸之束者;所以養生送死,事鬼神之大端;所以達天道,順人情之大竇.唯聖人為知禮之不可以已也,故破國喪家亡人,必先去其禮,禮之於人,猶酒之有糱也,君子以厚,小人以薄.聖人脩義之柄,禮之序,以治人情.人情者,聖王之田也,修禮以耕之,陳義以種之,講學以耨之,本仁以聚之,播樂以安之.故禮者,義之實也,協諸義而協則禮,雖先王未有可以義起焉;義者藝之分,仁之節,協於藝,講於仁,得之者強,失之者喪;仁者義之本,順之體,得之者尊.故治國不以禮,猶無耜而耕;為禮而不本於義,猶耕之而弗種;為而不講於學,猶種而弗耨;講之以學,而不合以仁,猶耨而不穫;合之以仁,而不安之以樂,猶穫而弗食;安之以樂,而不達於順,猶食而不肥.四體既正,膚革充盈,人之肥也;父子篤,兄弟睦,夫婦和,家之肥也;大臣法,小臣廉,官職相序,君臣相正,國之肥也;天子以德為車,以樂為御,諸侯以禮相與,大夫以法相序,士以信相考,百姓以睦相守,天下之肥也.是謂大順.順者,所以養生送死,事鬼神之常也.故事大積焉而不苑,並行而不謬,細行而不失,深而通,茂而有間,連而不相及,動而不相害,此順之至也.明於順,然後乃能守危.夫禮之不同不豐殺,所以持情而合危也,山者不使居川,渚者不使居原,用水火金木,飲食必時,冬合男女,春頒爵位,必當年德,皆所順也.用民必順,故無水旱昆蟲之災,民無凶饑妖孽之疾.天不愛其道,地不愛其寶,人不愛其情,是以天降甘露,地出醴泉,山出器車,河出馬圖,鳳凰麒麟,皆在郊掫,龜龍在宮沼,其餘鳥獸及卵胎,皆可俯而窺也.則是無故,先王能循禮以達義,體信以達順,此順之實也.」

  • New Sinology Title:
    Language of home of Confucius of ceremony carry _

    New Sinology Chapter:
    Ceremony carry

    New Sinology BookName:
    Confucius home language

    New Sinology Catalog:
    Child ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    Bandit of department of Confucius Zuo , Ning at candle, already Zuo thing , give Zuo therefore at Yin over, sigh however . Character cease serve says: " master why also? " Confucius says: " the travel of former times highway, of 3 generation of Ning flower, I not capture also, and Yan having Yin . The travel of the highway, the world is fair, Zuo Zuo Ning can, Zheng believes Xiu Mu. Old friend not Yin its Yin , not child its child, old somewhat Jian , is used somewhat, disease of pity few Gu, all somewhat Zuo . Wu De of Zuo its , need not hide Wu Ji. Its do not give force at the body, need not person. Be with Zheng Zuo not Ning , Zuo of Bao Fu is not made. The outside reason and not Zuo , the Great Harmony of Zheng . Today highway already Zuo , the world Home , each Yin its Yin , each child its child, Zuo oneself, person of force . Adult world and with constant, pool of of inner and outer city walls originallies with . Civil and military of of the reputed founder of the Ix Dynasty, into king Zhou Gong, from this and Zuo , have no not Zheng at Die , the place Ning of Die , of Ning heaven and earth, if have not by Die v/arc be on the throne person, with disaster. " of character cease says: " such, of Die urgent also. " Confucius says: " husband Die , first Wang Suo with Cheng Tianzhi, in order to treat the person's condition, list its ghosts and gods, Zuo shoots coronal marriage face to hire at Zuo of hold a memorial ceremony for. Reason Long person shows with Die , the world Home but be able to Die . " character falls on his back: " today v/arc be on the throne, mo Zhi by Die , he Ye? " Confucius says: " breathes out Ai Zai! My Yin Zhou Dao, of deep and remote also, my Zuo why Zuo ? The outskirt of husband Zuo and Die all are not Die , zhou Gong its already declined. The outskirt of a surname also the reputed founder of the Ix Dynasty, the outskirt of the Song Dynasty also engraves, the thing that is the emperor is defended also, the emperor the after with king of a surname Song Er, week is public politics sends peace and tranquility, and Ning the emperor is Die together also. The god of the land and the god of the grain-the state of Zheng Hou hold a memorial ceremony for ancestor , all act according to its to be in charge of up and down, and Yi Jichang law of Mo Gan wishing Gu, it is Zheng big fine. Make wish Gu Zuo Zha today, apprentice Cang Wuzong wishs Wu Shi, blame Die also, it is Zheng deep and remote ; Zuo reachs cadaver gentleman, blame Die also, it is gentleman of Zheng overstep one's authority; Zuo of arms of crown a man's cap used in ancient times, hide at illicit home, blame Die also, it is Zheng Mr Man ; The doctor has an official, sacrificial utensil truly, Long all is provided, blame Die also, it is . Friend be an official at Gong Yuechen, shi Wujia says . of 3 years, Ning has newly marriage person, period do not make also. With declining enters day, Zuo of Home Ning resides Zuo Zuo , blame Die also, it is Zheng official Mr Ning in all ; The emperor has field, with Ta its child , Zheng Hou has , with Ta its child , the doctor has collect, with Ta its child , it is Zheng system; Hou of Zheng of the emperor Zuo , abandon surely its a , and not Die book is entered, it is Ji of of law of of Zheng the emperor; Zheng Hou is not of disease , and the home of the official that enter Zheng , it is Zheng of of Zheng Jun Chen. Husband Die person, jun Zhibing, so disrelishs Ming Wei, ghosts and gods, study a system, list benevolence Li , stand politics religion, an Junchen fluctuates also. Reason politics is frame-up Mr danger, gentleman danger chancellery times, small official Fu , punishment Man and of law of common fraud constant, of of Die of law constant , of Die person not be an official, civilian not , it is Zheng defect . Hereat husband politics person, jun Zhi hides so also, surely this day effect in order to fall life, the lot falls at the company, Zheng teachs the ground, jiang Wuzu , Zheng benevolence Li , jiang Wushan plain, Zheng Ning is made, fall Yu Wusi, Zheng system, the solid that this Long person hides so also. Ground of Wu Tian of Long person , at ghosts and gods in order to treat politics also. What its put Ta , the foreword of Die also, of Long its place, civilian treat also. Inherent , the ground gives birth to Zuo , its father lays the person and teachs, 4 person Jun Yizheng uses, establish the ground at Zuo so. Gentleman person, person place bright, the person that be not bright person also; Person place Zuo , the person that be not Zuo person also; Person place thing, the person that be not thing person also. Husband person, bright person has Zuo , of reason Zuo person is insufficient, thing person is broken, ming Jun of reason common people with autonomy, mr Zuo with be being installed oneself, thing gentleman with from Zuo , it is with Die Zuo cent is decided. Person all its are dead, and suffer from its to be born, hereat servantchooses a person for a job wisdom go its Yu , the brave of choose and employ persons goes its are angry, of choose and employ persons benevolence go its Zuo . has suffer from, the Li of of gentleman dead the god of the land and the god of the grain-the state, the doctor dies the Zhu of a . Every Long person can with the world , with in one person of , of blame meaning, know its feeling surely, Li of Wu Ji, ming Wuji benefit, Zuo Wu Jihuan, like that of after . Why Zheng favor? Happy event is angry of sad desire, 7 person not and can; Why Zheng person Li ? Father Ci Zixiao, younger brother of elder brother fine loves and respect for his elder brother, Long of husband Li , Zuo benefit young Zuo , jun Renchen faithful, 10 person the person Li of Zheng ; Zheng believes Xiu Mu, the person benefit of Zheng , of photograph, the person of Zheng suffers from; Long person treats person fear, 10 Li of Man , Zheng believes Man harmonious, still Zuo Zhu , go , abandon Die why to be treated; Zuo feeds a men and women, of the person be about to put Yan greatly, dead Zuo is bitter, big of the person puts Yan. Desire person, the person's main aspects, the person hides its heart, cannot is spent, beautiful all is in its heart, not Yao its color, desire one with Fu , abandon Die why? Old friend person, the heart of heaven and earth, of Zuo Zuo hand in, the of ghosts and gods, the show of the five elements. Day grasping Zuo , hang down day of star, ground grasping Zuo , Zuo Wu Shanchuan, sow of Wu Si of the five elements, with 4 after month is unripe, be with 35 and be filled with, 35 and be short of, the of the five elements, in all photograph exhaust also. The five elements 4 in December, Zuo photograph this; 5 Long an eight-line poem with five characters to a line and a strict tonal pattern and rhyme scheme 12 canals, of Zuo photograph ; The five flavors 6 and 12 feed, Zuo of Zuo photograph ; 5 kinds of 6 chapters 12 garments, Zuo photograph advocate. Old friend person, the heart of heaven and earth, and the end of the five elements, feed the person that flavour Long is born by color. Long person makes , surely with of heaven and earth this, with end of Zuo Zuo , with handle of 4 , with Ji of day star , the month is measured with , ghosts and gods with apprentice, the five elements with Zuo , Die Li with implement, favor with cropland, 4 Zuo with cultivate. With of heaven and earth this, reason other people but Ning ; With end of Zuo Zuo , reason affection can be seen; With handle of 4 , story but ; With Ji of day star , reason but ; The month is measured with , reason result has Shu ; Ghosts and gods with apprentice, the story has defend; The five elements with Zuo , story but also; Die Li with implement, the story has all right one's deceased father; Favor with cropland, 4 Zuo with cultivate. Why 4 Zuo of Zheng ? The Zuo of Zheng of Zuo of Lin Zuo Zuo . Reason Zuo with cultivate, and Zuo Zuo not Zha ; Zuo with cultivate, and Zuo not > of < feather an ancient nationality in China; Lin with cultivate, and not < Piao jumps over > ; Zuo with cultivate, and favor is not broken. First Wang Bingshi Zuo , the row is sacred, , Jun , announce, zhu Gu, Yu system, wish Gu Zuo Zha . Reason has Die , the official has drive, Long is orderly, first king those who suffer from Die not Zuo at below, reason Zuo emperor at outskirt, decide a day so also; Worshipping company at , list favourable geographical position so also; Die ancestor , so this benevolence also; Brigade mountains and rivers-land, so ghosts and gods also; Hold a memorial ceremony for 5 offer sacrifices to, so skill also. Reason an administrative unit in Xizang wishs to be in , 3 fair hold office at court, 3 often be in , the witch before king and after history, predict alpine yarrow to blind press, all be in the left and right sides, of Wang Zhongxin also, come in order to defend. Be go at outskirt with Die , and 100 gods suffer Long , Die goes at the company, and 100 Zuo but , Die Hang Wuzu , and filial piety kind takes Yan, Die travel Wu Wusi, and execute Yan. Reason outskirt company ancestor mountains and rivers-land 5 offer sacrifices to, the Man of Li and the Tibet of Die . Husband Die needs a Wu Taiyi, divide and heaven and earth, Zuo and Zuo Zuo , Zhu and 4 of , list and ghosts and gods, its fall life, its official Wu Tian also, at cent Shu , its reside Wu Ren also, say Zuo . So Zheng believes Xiu Mu, and the of the flesh Mo of firm person, of muscle body bundle person; So Zuo gives birth to court death, the main aspects of thing ghosts and gods; So Zuo day, the big Fu of Zuo favor. Only what Long person knows Die is not OK already also, reason broken Home dies person, go first surely its Die , the Wu Ren of Die , of wine have Ji also, gentleman with thick, lilliputian with thin. The handle of Li of Long person Man , the foreword of Die , in order to order gift. Favor person, the Tian Ye of Long king, repair Die with ploughing, Zuo Li with Er , Zheng with weedinging hoe, this of Ren Yiju, sow with An Zhi. Reason Die person, the of Li also, Zheng Li and Die , Zuo first it is OK that Wang Wei has the Yan since Li ; Li person the cent of Shu , benevolence Geng , at Shu , Zheng Wu Ren, get person , break person ; Benevolence person of Li this, the Zuo of Zuo , get person honour. Reason treats not with Die , a spade-shaped farm tool used in ancient China and agrarian; Die and not this at Li , is agrarian and not Er ; and not Zheng at , Er and not weeding hoe; Of Zheng with , and disagreement with benevolence, weedings hoe and not Er ; Close with benevolence, and disturbed with , Er and not feed; An Zhi with , and not Zuo at Zuo , is fed and not fat. 4 Zuo already, Mo change plentiful, the person's fertilizer also; Ha of father and son, brotherly harmonious, husband and, domestic fertilizer also; Chancellery law, small official cheap, sequence of government-owned Long appearance, jun Chen photograph, the fertilizer of also; The emperor with heart Zuo , with drive, Ning of photograph of Die of Zheng Hou Yi, doctor with law appearance sequence, person take an examination of in order to believe, common people is defended with harmonious photograph, the fertilizer of the world also. It is Zheng big Zuo . Zuo person, so Zuo gives birth to court death, of thing ghosts and gods constant also. Yan of story big Er and do not enclosed ground for growing trees, goes and not Zheng , Ji goes and do not break, deep and, luxuriant and have Zuo , Zuo and do not reach, and do not kill, of this Zuo to also. Bright at Zuo , like that after can defend danger therefore. Of husband Die different not Zuo , manage situation so and close high also, hill person do not make Ju Chuan, the person that small piece of land surrounded by water does not make reside former, with wood of extreme misery gold, Zuo is fed surely , the winter adds up to a men and women, spring Zuo the rank of nobility, surely year heart, all place Zuo also. With civilian surely Zuo , the of Xi of elder brother of drought of reason water, the disease of person or event associated with evil or misfortune of civilian fierce Zuo . Day not its path, the ground not its , person not its affection, be fall with the day manna, the ground goes out sweet wine spring, hill goes out implement Zuo , the river gives Zuo , Zuo feng4huang2 kylin, all be in outskirt , Zuo Zuo is in billabong, of its Zuo Zuo reachs egg embryo, all but Fu and Fu also. is reason, first Wang Nengxun Die with Zuo Li , Zuo is believed with Zuo Zuo , the of this Zuo also. "
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