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卷一百二十七·日者列传第六十七_史记

  自古受命而王,王者之兴何尝不以卜筮决於天命哉!其於周尤甚,及秦可见。代王之入,任於卜者。太卜之起,由汉兴而有。

 
  司马季主者,楚人也。卜於长安东市。
 
  宋忠为中大夫,贾谊为博士,同日俱出洗沐,相从论议,诵易先王圣人之道术,究遍人情,相视而叹。贾谊曰:“吾闻古之圣人,不居朝廷,必在卜医之中。今吾已见三公九卿朝士大夫,皆可知矣。试之卜数中以观采。”二人即同舆而之市,游於卜肆中。天新雨,道少人,司马季主间坐,弟子三四人侍,方辩天地之道,日月之运,阴阳吉凶之本。二大夫再拜谒。司马季主视其状貌,如类有知者,即礼之,使弟子延之坐。坐定,司马季主复理前语,分别天地之终始,日月星辰之纪,差次仁义之际,列吉凶之符,语数千言,莫不顺理。
 
  宋忠、贾谊瞿然而悟,猎缨正襟危坐,曰:“吾望先生之状,听先生之辞,小子窃观於世,未尝见也。今何居之卑,何行之汙?”
 
  司马季主捧腹大笑曰:“观大夫类有道术者,今何言之陋也,何辞之野也!今夫子所贤者何也?所高者谁也?今何以卑汙长者?”
 
  二君曰:“尊官厚禄,世之所高也,贤才处之。今所处非其地,故谓之卑。言不信,行不验,取不当,故谓之汙。夫卜筮者,世俗之所贱简也。世皆言曰:‘夫卜者多言夸严以得人情,虚高人禄命以说人志,擅言祸灾以伤人心,矫言鬼神以尽人财,厚求拜谢以私於己。’此吾之所耻,故谓之卑汙也。”
 
  司马季主曰:“公且安坐。公见夫被发童子乎?日月照之则行,不照则止,问之日月疵瑕吉凶,则不能理。由是观之,能知别贤与不肖者寡矣。
 
  “贤之行也,直道以正谏,三谏不听则退。其誉人也不望其报,恶人也不顾其怨,以便国家利众为务。故官非其任不处也,禄非其功不受也;见人不正,虽贵不敬也;见人有污,虽尊不下也;得不为喜,去不为恨;非其罪也,虽累辱而不愧也。
 
  “今公所谓贤者,皆可为羞矣。卑疵而前,韱趋而言;相引以势,相导以利;比周宾正,以求尊誉,以受公奉;事私利,枉主法,猎农民;以官为威,以法为机,求利逆暴:譬无异於操白刃劫人者也。初试官时,倍力为巧诈,饰虚功执空文以主上,用居上为右;试官不让贤陈功,见伪增实,以无为有,以少为多,以求便势尊位;食饮驱驰,从姬歌兒,不顾於亲,犯法害民,虚公家:此夫为盗不操矛弧者也,攻而不用弦刃者也,欺父母未有罪而弑君未伐者也。何以为高贤才乎?
 
  “盗贼发不能禁,夷貊不服不能摄,奸邪起不能塞,官秏乱不能治,四时不和不能调,岁穀不孰不能適。才贤不为,是不忠也;才不贤而讬官位,利上奉,妨贤者处,是窃位也;有人者进,有财者礼,是伪也。子独不见鸱枭之与凤皇翔乎?兰芷芎藭弃於广野,蒿萧成林,使君子退而不显众,公等是也。
 
  “述而不作,君子义也。今夫卜者,必法天地,象四时,顺於仁义,分策定卦,旋式正釭,然後言天地之利害,事之成败。昔先王之定国家,必先龟策日月,而後乃敢代;正时日,乃後入家;产子必先占吉凶,後乃有之。自伏羲作八卦,周文王演三百八十四爻而天下治。越王句践放文王八卦以破敌国,霸天下。由是言之,卜筮有何负哉!
 
  “且夫卜筮者,埽除设坐,正其冠带,然後乃言事,此有礼也。言而鬼神或以飨,忠臣以事其上,孝子以养其亲,慈父以畜其子,此有德者也。而以义置数十百钱,病者或以愈,且死或以生,患或以免,事或以成,嫁子娶妇或以养生:此之为德,岂直数十百钱哉!此夫老子所谓‘上德不德,是以有德’。今夫卜筮者利大而谢少,老子之云岂异於是乎?
 
  “庄子曰:‘君子内无饥寒之患,外无劫夺之忧,居上而敬,居下不为害,君子之道也。’今夫卜筮者之为业也,积之无委聚,藏之不用府库,徙之不用辎车,负装之不重,止而用之无尽索之时。持不尽索之物,游於无穷之世,虽庄氏之行未能增於是也,子何故而云不可卜哉?天不足西北,星辰西北移;地不足东南,以海为池;日中必移,月满必亏;先王之道,乍存乍亡。公责卜者言必信,不亦惑乎!
 
  “公见夫谈士辩人乎?虑事定计,必是人也,然不能以一言说人主意,故言必称先王,语必道上古;虑事定计,饰先王之成功,语其败害,以恐喜人主之志,以求其欲。多言夸严,莫大於此矣。然欲彊国成功,尽忠於上,非此不立。今夫卜者,导惑教愚也。夫愚惑之人,岂能以一言而知之哉!言不厌多。
 
  “故骐骥不能与罢驴为驷,而凤皇不与燕雀为群,而贤者亦不与不肖者同列。故君子处卑隐以辟众,自匿以辟伦,微见德顺以除群害,以明天性,助上养下,多其功利,不求尊誉。公之等喁喁者也,何知长者之道乎!”
 
  宋忠、贾谊忽而自失,芒乎无色,怅然噤口不能言。於是摄衣而起,再拜而辞。行洋洋也,出门仅能自上车,伏轼低头,卒不能出气。
 
  居三日,宋忠见贾谊於殿门外,乃相引屏语相谓自叹曰:“道高益安,势高益危。居赫赫之势,失身且有日矣。夫卜而有不审,不见夺糈;为人主计而不审,身无所处。此相去远矣,犹天冠地屦也。此老子之所谓‘无名者万物之始’也。天地旷旷,物之熙熙,或安或危,莫知居之。我与若,何足预彼哉!彼久而愈安,虽曾氏之义未有以异也。”
 
  久之,宋忠使匈奴,不至而还,抵罪。而贾谊为梁怀王傅,王堕马薨,谊不食,毒恨而死。此务华绝根者也。
 
  太史公曰:古者卜人所以不载者,多不见于篇。及至司马季主,余志而著之。
 
  褚先生曰:臣为郎时,游观长安中,见卜筮之贤大夫,观其起居行步,坐起自动,誓正其衣冠而当乡人也,有君子之风。见性好解妇来卜,对之颜色严振,未尝见齿而笑也。从古以来,贤者避世,有居止舞泽者,有居民间闭口不言,有隐居卜筮间以全身者。夫司马季主者,楚贤大夫,游学长安,通易经,术黄帝、老子,博闻远见。观其对二大夫贵人之谈言,称引古明王圣人道,固非浅闻小数之能。及卜筮立名声千里者,各往往而在。传曰:“富为上,贵次之;既贵各各学一伎能立其身。”黄直,大夫也;陈君夫,妇人也:以相马立名天下。齐张仲、曲成侯以善击刺学用剑,立名天下。留长孺以相彘立名。荥阳褚氏以相牛立名。能以伎能立名者甚多,皆有高世绝人之风,何可胜言。故曰:“非其地,树之不生;非其意,教之不成。”夫家之教子孙,当视其所以好,好含苟生活之道,因而成之。故曰:“制宅命子,足以观士;子有处所,可谓贤人。”
 
  臣为郎时,与太卜待诏为郎者同署,言曰:“孝武帝时,聚会占家问之,某日可取妇乎?五行家曰可,堪舆家曰不可,建除家曰不吉,丛辰家曰大凶,历家曰小凶,天人家曰小吉,太一家曰大吉。辩讼不决,以状闻。制曰:‘避诸死忌,以五行为主。’”人取於五行者也。
 
  日者之名,有自来矣。吉凶占候,著於墨子。齐楚异法,书亡罕纪。後人斯继,季主独美。取免暴秦,此焉终否。



  • New Sinology Title:
    Roll 127 · day person biographies the 67th _ history write down

    New Sinology Chapter:
    Roll 127 · day person biographies the 67th

    New Sinology BookName:
    History write down

    New Sinology Catalog:
    History ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    Recieve orders since ancient times and king, of Wang Zhe promote why not in order to predict Shi definitely at destiny! Its at Zhou You very, reach Qin Ke to see. Acting Wang Zhi is entered, the person that hold the post of Wu Bo. Too Bo Zhi rises, you Hanxing and have.

     
    Sima Jizhu person, hunan person also. City of Bo Wuchang Anton.
     
    Song Zhong is in doctor, gu Yi is a doctor, all that be the same as day goes out wash wash one's hair, from theory discuss, the think method of Song Yi Xianwang's sage, investigate all over favor, be inspected and sigh. Gu Yi says: "I hears ancient wise man, do not reside an imperial court, be in surely predict cure in. Today I already saw scholar-bureaucrat of 3 Gong Jiuqing face, all knowable. Collect with watching in trying Bo Shu. " 2 people carriage together namely and city, in You Wubo four. Tian Xinyu, path little person, sit between Sima Jizhu, child 34 people serve, the path of square argue heaven and earth, the carry of life, of good or ill luck of yin and yang this. 2 doctors are paid homage to again. Sima Jizhu inspects its appearance, be like kind have the person that know, namely of the ceremony, make child is delayed sit. Sit calm, sima Jizhu the language before answer manage, part of heaven and earth eventually only then, the discipline of the heavenly bodies, during differring Cirenyi, list the accord with of good or ill luck, language thousands of character, there's no one who doesn't or isn't arranges put in order.
     
    Qu of Song Zhong, Gu Yi is realized however, hunt tassel straightens his clothes and sit properly, say: "I visits the gentleman's state, listen to the gentleman's demit, boy steals view Wu Shi, have not see also. The low that why resides today, he Hangzhi ? He Hangzhi ??
     
    Sima Jizhu belly laugh says: "View doctor kind the person that have method, today of He Yan humble also, of He Ci wild also! Today master place virtuous person He Ye? Is place tall person who also? Today why low better? Today why low better??
     
    2 gentleman say: "Honour official thick salary, the place of the world is tall also, virtuous ability is in. Today located be not its ground, the low that friend says. Character is not believed, row not check, take undeserved, the that friend says. The person that the husband predicts Shi, lay place cheap brief also. World all Yan Yue: ' the person that the husband is predicted is wordy boast is severe in order to get gift, life of salary of empty tall person in order to say person sign, calamity of disaster of character of arrogate to oneself in order to hurt popular feeling, correct character ghosts and gods in order to use up person money, thick beg do obeisance to Wu Ji of Xie Yi illicit. ' my place shame, the low that friend says also. The low that friend says also..
     
    Sima Jizhu says: "Fair and how to sit. Fair see the husband is sent boy? A travel that life illuminates, do not illuminate stop, good or ill luck of asking life defect defect, cannot manage. By it is of view, can know to fasten virtuous with few of the person that unworthy.
     
    "Virtuous row also, straight line with remonstrating with, 3 expostulate with do not listen to be retreated. Its praise the person also does not hope its sign up for, evil person also disregards his to complain, so that national interest is numerous,be Wu. Friend official is not his to allow to not be in also, salary is not its result not to suffer also; See the person is frame-up, although expensive irreverent also; See the person has corrupt, although honour no less than also; Not be happy event, go not be hate; Be not its blame also, although tired disgrace and be worthy of also.
     
    "Today fair alleged virtuous person, all can be be ashamed. Low defect and before,  Zuo hasten; Bring with situation, guide with benefit; Than Zhou Bin, honour of in an attempt to praise, in order to suffer fair act according to; Thing expedience, crooked advocate law, hunt farmer; With Guan Weiwei, it is with the law machine, beg benefit to go against cruel: Person of disaster of naked sword of Wu Cao of example as good as person also. When first try official, times force is artful cheat, act the role of virtual work hold ineffective law or rules with  advocate on, with it is on house right; Try an official not to let virtuous Chen Gong, see bogus is added solid, with do-nothing have, with be less much, in an attempt to situation honour; The drive that eat drink gallop, from Ji Ge , disregard at close, sin kill civilian, empty thes state: The person that this husband does not hold lance arc for pilfer also, attack and need not bowstring blade person also, bully parents is not guilty and regicide not cut down person also. Why be Gao Xiancai?
     
    "Bandits hair cannot be banned, exterminate Mo refuses to obey cannot photograph, crafty and evil case cannot fill in, government-owned Die chaos cannot be treated, disaccord of the four seasons cannot be moved, year old Er does not who cannot Zuo . Just virtuous do not be, it is disloyal also; Just not virtuous and Zhu official, act according to on benefit, hamper virtuous person place, it is to steal also; Somebody person into, ceremony of the person that have money, it is bogus also. Child do not see Chi fierces and ambitious alone with Feng Huangxiang? Shu of Lan Zhi Xiong abandons Wu Anye, hao Xiao Chenglin, the fruit of Rangoon creeper is retreated and do not show numerous, fair etc is also.
     
    "Narrate and do not make, gentleman justice also. Today the person that the husband is predicted, surely law heaven and earth, elephantine the four seasons, arrange Wu Renyi, cent plan decides divinatory symbols, type coming back Zuo , like that of after character heaven and earth terrible, the success or failure of the thing. Former times first Wang Zhi decides a country, surely first chelonian plan life, and after dare take the place of therefore; time, it is after to enter the home; Produce child occupy good or ill luck first surely, after has therefore. Make the Eight Diagrams from Fu Xi, week article king performs 384 Yao and the world is treated. Jump over Wang Gou carry out to put article bastard divinatory symbols in order to destroy enemy state, bully the world. By be character, predict Shi to have He Fuzai!
     
    "And the person that the husband predicts Shi, sao is divided set sit, its coronal belt, like that after is character issue, this is civilized also. Character and ghosts and gods or in order to provide dinner for, official loyal to his sovereign with the thing its go up, the dutiful son kisses with raising its, kind father with cultivate its child, this has heart person also. And with justice buy tens of 100 money, ill person or in order to heal, and dead or in order to be born, suffer from or lest, thing or in order to become, marry child marry Fu or with preserve one's health: This for heart, straight tens of 100 money! This husband father is so-called ' go up Debude, be in order to have heart ' . Today profit of the person that the husband predicts Shi is big and Xie Shao, the cloud of father different at be?
     
    "Village says: ' suffer from coldly without be hungry inside gentleman, the care of size by force is not had outside, house go up and respect, do not be below house kill, the path of gentleman also. ' today of the person that the husband predicts Shi for course of study also, accumulate without appoint get together, of Tibet need not v/arc government repository, of move from one place to another need not car of an ancient covered wagon, of negative outfit not heavy, the endless large rope that stop and uses when. Run the thing of endless all alone, you Wumo's poor world, although the travel of bank family name fails to add at be also, child why cannot be so the cloud predicted? The day is not worth northwest, stars northwest moves; The ground is not worth southeast, with Hai Weichi; Noon to move surely, the month has a deficit surely completely; First the path of king, put suddenly die suddenly. Fair duty Bo Zheyan is believed surely, not also be puzzled!
     
    "Fair see the husband talks about person argue person? Lv thing devise a stratagem, it is a person surely also, cannot say person decision with one character like that, reason character says surely first king, language surely antediluvian; Lv thing devise a stratagem, act the role of first Wang Zhi is successful, language its are defeated kill, in order to fear satisfactory advocate annals, in an attempt to its desire. Wordy boast is severe, greatest at this. Like that desire country is successful, use up faithful at on, be not this not to stand. Today the person that the husband is predicted, guide be puzzled teachs I also. The person of husband I be puzzled, how could knows with one character! Character not tire of is much.
     
    "Reason blacks horse a thoroghbred horse cannot with stop the ass is Si, and Feng Huang is with brambling group, and virtuous person also not be the same as a row with the person that unworthy. Reason gentleman is in low concealed in order to monarch numerous, from conceal in order to monarch human relations, small see heart is suitable in order to divide group kill, with bright nature, aid on raise below, many its utility, do not beg honour praise. Wait for the person that everyone looking up to sb fairly also, the way that why knows better! The way that why knows better!!
     
    Now.. of Song Zhong, Gu Yi is broken oneself, awn colorless, disappointed keeps silent mouth cannot character. At be photograph the garment and rise, be done obeisance to again and demit. Travel complacently also, go out to be able to get on a car oneself only, fu Shi lowers his head, soldier cannot vent his anger.
     
    Reside 3 days, song Zhong sees Gu Yi outside Wu Dian door, bring screen sign photograph to call to sigh oneself therefore: "Path high profit is installed, power high profit highs. Live illustrious power, break a body and have day. The husband is predicted and have not careful, disappear seize Xu; Humanness advocate plan and not careful, do not have personally located. This photograph goes far, ju of You Tianguan ground also. Of this father alleged ' anonymous person of everythings on earth only then ' also. Free from worries of heaven and earth, of content bright, or install or high, not know to reside. I and if, why sufficient beforehand those! Those is long and install more, although ever of the family name justice have no with different also. Although ever of the family name justice have no with different also..
     
    For a long time, song Zhong makes Hun, do not come and return, be punished for a crime. And Gu Yi conceives Wang Fu for bridge, king fall horse demises, friendship is not fed, poison is hated and die. This Wu China absolutely person also.
     
    Too history fair say: Ancient person the person that Bo Ren does not carry so, disappear more at piece. Until Sima Jizhu, yu Zhi and those who write.
     
    A surname gentleman says: I are Lang Shi, swim in watching Chang'an, see those who predict Shi virtuous doctor, watch step of travel of its daily life, sit up is automatic, oath its clothes and hat and when countryside person also, have the wind of gentleman. See Fu of sexual good solution will predict, right color Yan Zhen, have not see a tooth-like part of anything and laugh also. From ancient since, virtuous person avoid world, have house stop dance lustre person, house folk closes a mouth not character, have live in seclusion predict Shi with the whole body person. Husband Sima Jizhu person, dr Chu Xian, swim learn Chang'an, connect The Book of Changes, art yellow emperor, father, rich hears foresight. Watch its to be opposite the Tan Yan of 2 doctors noble, say to bring sage of Gu Ming king to, solid blame is shallow hear fraction can. Reach the person that predict Shi to establish fame a long distance, each often and in. Pass: "Rich to go up, expensive take second place; Already expensive each learn one ability to be able to establish its body each. " Huang Zhi, doctor also; Mr Chen husband, woman also: Establish a the world with photograph horse. Qi Zhangzhong, Qu Chenghou attacks thorn to learn to use a sword with be apt to, establish a the world. Leave long child to establish a name with pigging. Family name of Xing in relief a surname establishs a name with photograph ox. Can the person that can establish a name with ability is very much, all have tall life absolutely the person's wind, why can get the better of character. Friend says: "Be not its ground, of the tree not unripe; Be not its meaning, teach won't do. " the godchild of husband home grandson, should inspect its so good, the path of the good life that contain careless, become consequently. Friend says: "Make curtilage life child, enough is watched person; Child have place, a person of virtue of it may be said. A person of virtue of it may be said..
     
    I are Lang Shi, with too the person that Bo Daizhao is man is the same as arrange, yan Yue: "When emperor of filial piety fierce, the party occupies the home to ask, some day desirable Fu? Home of the five elements says but, can area home says cannot, build say except the home ill-fated, home Cong Chen says big fierce, all previous home says small fierce, day someone says small auspicious, too one says big auspicious. Debate dispute not definitely, hear with shape. Make: ' avoid all dead avoid, give priority to with the five elements. ' " the person that the person takes Wu Wu to go also.
     
    Day person renown, have self-invited. Good or ill luck is occupied await, write Wu Mo child. Law of different of neat and smart, the book dies rarely discipline. After person this afterwards, season advocate alone beautiful. Take avoid Bao Qin, this Yan is denied eventually.


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