本命解_孔子家语
魯哀公問於孔子曰：「人之命與性何謂也？」孔子對曰：「分於道謂之命，形於一謂之性，化於陰陽，象形而發謂之生，化窮數盡謂之死．故命者，性之始也，死者，生之終也，有始則必有終矣．人始生而有不具者五焉，目無見、不能食、不能行、不能言、不能化．及生三月而微煦，然後有見，八月生齒，然後能食，三年顋合，然後能言，十有六而精通，然後能化．陰窮反陽，故陰以陽變，陽窮反陰，故陽以陰化．是以男子八月生齒，八歲而齔，女子七月生齒，七歲而齔，十有四而化，一陽一陰，奇偶相配，然後道合化成，性命之端，形於此也．」公曰：「男子十六精通，女子十四而化，是則可以生民矣．而禮男子三十而有室，女子二十而有夫也，豈不晚哉？」孔子曰：「夫禮言其極，不是過也．男子二十而冠，有為人父之端，女子十五許嫁，有適人之道，於此而徃，則自婚矣．群生閑藏乎陰，而為化育之始，故聖人因時以合偶，男子窮天數也．極霜降而婦功成，嫁娶者行焉．冰泮而農桑起，婚禮而殺於此．男子者，任天道而長萬物者也，知可為，知不可為，知可言，知不可言，知可行，知不可行者，是故審其倫而明其別謂之知，所以效匹夫之聽也．女子者，順男子之教而長其理者也，是故無專制之義，而有三從之道，幼從父兄，既嫁從夫，夫死從子，言無再醮之端，教令不出於閨門，事在供酒食而已，無閫外之非儀也，不越境而奔喪，事無擅為，行無獨成，參知而後動，可驗而後言，晝不遊庭，夜行以火，所以效匹婦之德也．」孔子遂言曰：「女有五不取：逆家子者，亂家子者，世有刑人子者，有惡疾子者，喪父長子．婦有七出，三不去．七出者：不順父母出者，無子者，淫僻者，嫉妒者，惡疾者，多口舌者，竊盜者；三不去者：謂有所取無所歸，與共更三年之喪，先貧賤，後富貴．凡此聖人所以順男女之際，重婚姻之始也．」
孔子曰：「禮之所以象五行也，其義四時也，故喪禮有舉焉，有恩有義，有節有權．其恩厚者其服重，故為父母斬衰三年，以恩制者也；門內之治恩掩義，門外之治義掩恩，資於事父以事君而敬同，尊尊貴貴，義之大也，故為君亦服衰三年，以義制者也；三日而食，三月而沐，期而練，毀不滅性，不以死傷生，喪不過三年，齊衰不補，墳墓不修，除服之日，鼓素琴，示民有終也，凡此以節制者也；資於事父以事母而愛同，天無二日，國無二君，家無二尊，以治之，故父在為母齊衰期者，見無二尊也；百官備，百物具，不言而事行者，扶而起，言而後事行者，杖而起，身自執事行者，面垢而已，此以權制者也．親始死三日不怠，三月不懈，期悲號，三年憂哀之殺也，聖人因殺以制節也．」
孔子曰：「禮之所以象五行也，其義四時也，故喪禮有舉焉，有恩有義，有節有權．其恩厚者其服重，故為父母斬衰三年，以恩制者也；門內之治恩掩義，門外之治義掩恩，資於事父以事君而敬同，尊尊貴貴，義之大也，故為君亦服衰三年，以義制者也；三日而食，三月而沐，期而練，毀不滅性，不以死傷生，喪不過三年，齊衰不補，墳墓不修，除服之日，鼓素琴，示民有終也，凡此以節制者也；資於事父以事母而愛同，天無二日，國無二君，家無二尊，以治之，故父在為母齊衰期者，見無二尊也；百官備，百物具，不言而事行者，扶而起，言而後事行者，杖而起，身自執事行者，面垢而已，此以權制者也．親始死三日不怠，三月不懈，期悲號，三年憂哀之殺也，聖人因殺以制節也．」
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This life sees sign of _ Confucius home New Sinology Chapter: This life is solved New Sinology BookName: Confucius home language New Sinology Catalog: Child ministry New Sinology Content: Zuo sad fair Wu Kongzi says: " life Ning sex of the person why Zheng also? " Confucius says: " the life that divides Wu Dao Zheng , the sex of Zheng of form Wu Yi, change at Zuo Zuo , pictographic and of Zheng unripe, those who change Zheng of Fu Bao is dead. Reason life person, of the gender only then also, the dead, unripe Jian also, have only then has Jian surely. Person only then be born and have the person that do not provide 5 Yan, eye Yao , cannot feed, cannot go, cannot character, cannot change. Reach unripe in March and small warm, like that after has Yao , will give birth to Zuo in August, like that after can be fed, 3 years Zuo closes, like that after can character, 10 have 6 and have a good command of, like that after can be changed. Zuo Fu turns over Zuo , reason Zuo with Zuo Zhu , Zuo Fu turns over Zuo , reason Zuo is changed with Zuo . Be will give birth to Zuo in August with the man, 8 and Zuo , the woman will give birth to Zuo in July, 7 and Zuo , 10 have 4 and change, one Zuo of one Zuo , odd even is suitable, like that after path closes change, the end of life, form at this also. " fair say: " man 16 perfectness, woman 14 and change, it is can be born civilian. And Die man 30 and have room, woman 20 and have a husband also, is Zuo not late? " Confucius says: " husband Die character its , not be Zuo also. Man 20 and coronal, have the end of person father, 15 Yu marry the woman, have the way of Zuo person, at this , from marriage. Group unripe Zuo hides Zuo , and changes Yo only then, reason Long person because in order to close occasionally, of man Fu day also. Frost's descent and result is become, espouse person travel Yan. Put Pan on the ice and Zuo Sang Qi, marriage Die and at this. Man person, hold the post of a day to and Zuo Qu content person also, know but , know cannot , know but character, know cannot character, know feasible, know unworkable person, hereat its and bright of its Zheng know, so the Long of effect ordinary man also. Woman person, of Zuo man teach and Zuo the person that its manage also, the Li that hereat makes, and the way that has 3 , young father and elder brothers, marry husband already, husband dead child, character again the end of Taoist sacrificial ceremony, decretal does not go out at Zuo Zuo , the thing is in for food and drink just, the blame outside Zuo also, not cross the boundary illegally and go straight towards , of thing arrogate to oneself, travel is become, knows and after , but Zuo and after character, not Zuo front courtyard, night goes with fire, so effect be equal to the heart of also. " Confucius satisfies Yan Yue: " female 5 do not take: Go against the home child person, home child person, the world has punishment person child person, disease having child person, father Zuo child. has 7, 3 do not go. The 7 person that go out: Not the person that Zuo parents goes, child person, excessive out-of-the-way person, envious person, disease person, much talking around person, Fu Bao person; The 3 person that do not go: Zheng takes place somewhat, Ning in all more of 3 years, first Zuo Zuo , after rich Zuo . Every this Long person so the Zuo of Zuo men and women, of bigamous marriage only then also. " Confucius says: " Die resembles the five elements also, 4 of its Li also, reason Die has Ning Yan, have favour have Li , Geng has . Its favour is thick person its are taken heavy, of reason parents declines 3 years, with the favour person that make also; Of Zuo treat Li of favour attack by surprise, the favour of the attack by surprise that treat Li outside Zuo , Zuo is the same as with thing Jun Erjing at thing father, honour honour Zuo Zuo , of Li big also, reason Jun Yi is taken decline 3 years, the person that make with Li also; 3 days and feed, in March and wash one's hair, period and Jin , not sex, do not be born with dead , not Zuo 3 years, Zuo declines not Xuan , grave is not repaired, eliminate the day that take, gu Suqin, show civilian have Jian also, every the person that this is made with Geng also; Zuo at thing father with thing mother is the same as, day 2 days, Mr 2, domestic 2 honour, with treating, friend father declines in mother Zuo period person, Yao 2 honour also; 100 officials , 100 content are provided, not character and the person that the thing goes, help up and rise, character and the person that what happened afterwards goes, bastinado and case, the person that go from thing personally, the face dirties just, the person that this is made with also. Yin only then die 3 days not idle, indefatigable in March, period Bei Ta , 3 years of sad also, Long person because in order to make Geng also. " |
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