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卷一百二十·汲郑列传第六十_史记

  汲黯字长孺,濮阳人也。其先有宠於古之卫君。至黯七世,世为卿大夫。黯以父任,孝景时为太子洗马,以庄见惮。孝景帝崩,太子即位,黯为谒者。东越相攻,上使黯往视之。不至,至吴而还,报曰:“越人相攻,固其俗然,不足以辱天子之使。”河内失火,延烧千馀家,上使黯往视之。还报曰:“家人失火,屋比延烧,不足忧也。臣过河南,河南贫人伤水旱万馀家,或父子相食,臣谨以便宜,持节发河南仓粟以振贫民。臣请归节,伏矫制之罪。”上贤而释之,迁为荥阳令。黯耻为令,病归田里。上闻,乃召拜为中大夫。以数切谏,不得久留内,迁为东海太守。黯学黄老之言,治官理民,好清静,择丞史而任之。其治,责大指而已,不苛小。黯多病,卧闺閤内不出。岁馀,东海大治。称之。上闻,召以为主爵都尉,列於九卿。治务在无为而已,弘大体,不拘文法。

 
  黯为人性倨,少礼,面折,不能容人之过。合己者善待之,不合己者不能忍见,士亦以此不附焉。然好学,游侠,任气节,内行脩絜,好直谏,数犯主之颜色,常慕傅柏、袁盎之为人也。善灌夫、郑当时及宗正刘弃。亦以数直谏,不得久居位。
 
  当是时,太后弟武安侯蚡为丞相,中二千石来拜谒,蚡不为礼。然黯见蚡未尝拜,常揖之。天子方招文学儒者,上曰吾欲云云,黯对曰:“陛下内多欲而外施仁义,柰何欲效唐虞之治乎!”上默然,怒,变色而罢朝。公卿皆为黯惧。上退,谓左右曰:“甚矣,汲黯之戆也!”群臣或数黯,黯曰:“天子置公卿辅弼之臣,宁令从谀承意,陷主於不义乎?且已在其位,纵爱身,柰辱朝廷何!”
 
  黯多病,病且满三月,上常赐告者数,终不愈。最後病,庄助为请告。上曰:“汲黯何如人哉?”助曰:“使黯任职居官,无以逾人。然至其辅少主,守城深坚,招之不来,麾之不去,虽自谓贲育亦不能夺之矣。”上曰:“然。古有社稷之臣,至如黯,近之矣。”
 
  大将军青侍中,上踞厕而视之。丞相弘燕见,上或时不冠。至如黯见,上不冠不见也。上尝坐武帐中,黯前奏事,上不冠,望见黯,避帐中,使人可其奏。其见敬礼如此。
 
  张汤方以更定律令为廷尉,黯数质责汤於上前,曰:“公为正卿,上不能襃先帝之功业,下不能抑天下之邪心,安国富民,使囹圄空虚,二者无一焉。非苦就行,放析就功,何乃取高皇帝约束纷更之为?公以此无种矣。”黯时与汤论议,汤辩常在文深小苛,黯伉厉守高不能屈,忿发骂曰:“天下谓刀笔吏不可以为公卿,果然。必汤也,令天下重足而立,侧目而视矣!”
 
  是时,汉方征匈奴,招怀四夷。黯务少事,乘上间,常言与胡和亲,无起兵。上方向儒术,尊公孙弘。及事益多,吏民巧弄。上分别文法,汤等数奏决谳以幸。而黯常毁儒,面触弘等徒怀诈饰智以阿人主取容,而刀笔吏专深文巧诋,陷人於罪,使不得反其真,以胜为功。上愈益贵弘、汤,弘、汤深心疾黯,唯天子亦不说也,欲诛之以事。弘为丞相,乃言上曰:“右内史界部中多贵人宗室,难治,非素重臣不能任,请徙黯为右内史。”为右内史数岁,官事不废。
 
  大将军青既益尊,姊为皇后,然黯与亢礼。人或说黯曰:“自天子欲群臣下大将军,大将军尊重益贵,君不可以不拜。”黯曰:“夫以大将军有揖客,反不重邪?”大将军闻,愈贤黯,数请问国家朝廷所疑,遇黯过於平生。
 
  淮南王谋反,惮黯,曰:“好直谏,守节死义,难惑以非。至如说丞相弘,如发蒙振落耳。”
 
  天子既数征匈奴有功,黯之言益不用。
 
  始黯列为九卿,而公孙弘、张汤为小吏。及弘、汤稍益贵,与黯同位,黯又非毁弘、汤等。已而弘至丞相,封为侯;汤至御史大夫;故黯时丞相史皆与黯同列,或尊用过之。黯褊心,不能无少望,见上,前言曰:“陛下用群臣如积薪耳,後来者居上。”上默然。有间黯罢,上曰:“人果不可以无学,观黯之言也日益甚。”
 
  居无何,匈奴浑邪王率众来降,汉发车二万乘。县官无钱,从民贳马。民或匿马,马不具。上怒,欲斩长安令。黯曰:“长安令无罪,独斩黯,民乃肯出马。且匈奴畔其主而降汉,汉徐以县次传之,何至令天下骚动,罢弊中国而以事夷狄之人乎!”上默然。及浑邪至,贾人与市者,坐当死者五百馀人。黯请间,见高门,曰:“夫匈奴攻当路塞,绝和亲,中国兴兵诛之,死伤者不可胜计,而费以巨万百数。臣愚以为陛下得胡人,皆以为奴婢以赐从军死事者家;所卤获,因予之,以谢天下之苦,塞百姓之心。今纵不能,浑邪率数万之众来降,虚府库赏赐,发良民侍养,譬若奉骄子。愚民安知市买长安中物而文吏绳以为阑出财物于边关乎?陛下纵不能得匈奴之资以谢天下,又以微文杀无知者五百馀人,是所谓‘庇其叶而伤其枝’者也,臣窃为陛下不取也。”上默然,不许,曰:“吾久不闻汲黯之言,今又复妄发矣。”後数月,黯坐小法,会赦免官。於是黯隐於田园。
 
  居数年,会更五铢钱,民多盗铸钱,楚地尤甚。上以为淮阳,楚地之郊,乃召拜黯为淮阳太守。黯伏谢不受印,诏数彊予,然後奉诏。诏召见黯,黯为上泣曰:“臣自以为填沟壑,不复见陛下,不意陛下复收用之。臣常有狗马病,力不能任郡事,臣原为中郎,出入禁闼,补过拾遗,臣之原也。”上曰:“君薄淮阳邪?吾今召君矣。顾淮阳吏民不相得,吾徒得君之重,卧而治之。”黯既辞行,过大行李息,曰:“黯弃居郡,不得与朝廷议也。然御史大夫张汤智足以拒谏,诈足以饰非,务巧佞之语,辩数之辞,非肯正为天下言,专阿主意。主意所不欲,因而毁之;主意所欲,因而誉之。好兴事,舞文法,内怀诈以御主心,外挟贼吏以为威重。公列九卿,不早言之,公与之俱受其僇矣。”息畏汤,终不敢言。黯居郡如故治,淮阳政清。後张汤果败,上闻黯与息言,抵息罪。令黯以诸侯相秩居淮阳。七岁而卒。
 
  卒後,上以黯故,官其弟汲仁至九卿,子汲偃至诸侯相。黯姑姊子司马安亦少与黯为太子洗马。安文深巧善宦,官四至九卿,以河南太守卒。昆弟以安故,同时至二千石者十人。濮阳段宏始事盖侯信,信任宏,宏亦再至九卿。然卫人仕者皆严惮汲黯,出其下。
 
  郑当时者,字庄,陈人也。其先郑君尝为项籍将;籍死,已而属汉。高祖令诸故项籍臣名籍,郑君独不奉诏。诏尽拜名籍者为大夫,而逐郑君。郑君死孝文时。
 
  郑庄以任侠自喜,脱张羽於戹,声闻梁楚之间。孝景时,为太子舍人。每五日洗沐,常置驿马安诸郊,存诸故人,请谢宾客,夜以继日,至其明旦,常恐不遍。庄好黄老之言,其慕长者如恐不见。年少官薄,然其游知交皆其大父行,天下有名之士也。武帝立,庄稍迁为鲁中尉、济南太守、江都相,至九卿为右内史。以武安侯魏其时议,贬秩为詹事,迁为大农令。
 
  庄为太史,诫门下:“客至,无贵贱无留门者。”执宾主之礼,以其贵下人。庄廉,又不治其产业,仰奉赐以给诸公。然其餽遗人,不过算器食。每朝,候上之间,说未尝不言天下之长者。其推毂士及官属丞史,诚有味其言之也,常引以为贤於己。未尝名吏,与官属言,若恐伤之。闻人之善言,进之上,唯恐後。山东士诸公以此翕然称郑庄。
 
  郑庄使视决河,自请治行五日。上曰:“吾闻‘郑庄行,千里不赍粮’,请治行者何也?”然郑庄在朝,常趋和承意,不敢甚引当否。及晚节,汉征匈奴,招四夷,天下费多,财用益匮。庄任人宾客为大农僦人,多逋负。司马安为淮阳太守,发其事,庄以此陷罪,赎为庶人。顷之,守长史。上以为老,以庄为汝南太守。数岁,以官卒。
 
  郑庄、汲黯始列为九卿,廉,内行脩絜。此两人中废,家贫,宾客益落。及居郡,卒後家无馀赀财。庄兄弟子孙以庄故,至二千石六七人焉。
 
  太史公曰:夫以汲、郑之贤,有势则宾客十倍,无势则否,况众人乎!下邽翟公有言,始翟公为廷尉,宾客阗门;及废,门外可设雀罗。翟公复为廷尉,宾客欲往,翟公乃人署其门曰:“一死一生,乃知交情。一贫一富,乃知交态。一贵一贱,交情乃见。”汲、郑亦云,悲夫!
 
  河南矫制,自古称贤。淮南卧理,天子伏焉。积薪兴叹,伉直愈坚。郑庄推士,天下翕然。交道势利,翟公怆旃。



  • New Sinology Title:
    Roll Zheng Lie of 120 · draw water passes the 60th _ history write down

    New Sinology Chapter:
    Roll biographies of Zheng of 120 · draw water the 60th

    New Sinology BookName:
    History write down

    New Sinology Catalog:
    History ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    Word of draw water An grows child, pu in relief person also. Its have the Wei Jun that bestows favor on Wu Gu first. To An 7 worlds, the world is dear doctor. An holds the post of with father, xiao Jingshi washs a horse for prince, fear with Zhuang Jian. Xiao Jingdi dies, prince accession, an is the person that call on. Attack more east, make An is gone to on inspect. Do not come, to and still, the newspaper says: "The photograph that jump over a person is attacked, solid its common like that, can't of disgrace the emperor make. " the be on fire inside the river, spread 1000 Home Yu, make An is gone to on inspect. Still sign up for: "Family be on fire, house compares spread, inadequate care also. I cross Henan, henan deficient person hurts water drought 10 thousand Home Yu, or photograph of father and son is fed, official sincerely with petty gain, storehouse of Henan of the hair that run a red-letter day Su Yizhen pauper. I put in a section 's charge please, the crime that volt correct makes. " go up virtuous and Shi Zhi, change makes for Xing this world. An shame is your, disease puts in Tian Li 's charge. Hear on, it is call together to do obeisance to the doctor in be. Cut expostulate with in order to count, do not get Jiuliunei, change is the East China Sea viceregal. An learns Huang Laozhi character, treat Guan Limin, very quiet, choose assist history and Ren Zhi. Its are treated, duty thumb just, not exacting is small. An is sickish, lie do not go out inside boudoir Zuo . Year old Yu, great order of the East China Sea. Say. Hear on, call together in order to give priority to Dou Wei of the rank of nobility, list Wu Jiuqing. Treat Wu to be in do-nothing just, great is general, not stick to is grammatical.

     
    An humanness sex haughties, little gift, the face is folded, cannot of tolerate with others over- . Close oneself person be kind to, disagreement oneself person cannot bear see, person also do not add Yan with this. Like that academic, you Xia, hold the post of integrity, adept Man Jian , very straight expostulate with, number makes advocate color, the humanness of full of constant admire Fu Bai, Yuan also. Husband of fill of be apt to, Zheng reachs Zong Zheng Liu to abandon at that time. Also remonstrate with in order to count continuously, not long house.
     
    Should be when, fierce of younger brother of mother of an emperor installs Hou Ting to be prime minister, 2000 stones are paid homage to in, Ting is not a ceremony. Like that An sees Ting had be notted do obeisance to, often bow with hands clasped to. The person that the emperor just enrols literary scholar, I says on desire Yun Yun, an is opposite: "Inside Majesty much desire and outside Shirenyi, of Tang Yu of He Yuxiao of a kind of apple treat! " go up silent, angry, become angry and stop face. Fair Qing Jiewei An dread. Retreat on, call the left and right sides says: "Very, the Gang of draw water An also! " group official or number An, an says: "The official that Gong Qingfu of the emperor buy assists, ning Ling from flatter bear meaning, defect advocate at disloyal? And already was in its, even if love a body, imperial court of disgrace of a kind of apple why! Imperial court of disgrace of a kind of apple why!!
     
    An is sickish, ill and full in March, the person that Chang Ci is accused on is counted, do not heal eventually. Most after is ill, the village is aided to be accused please. Go up: "Person of how about of draw water An? " aid: "Make An holds a post house official, without with even more person. Come like that its complementary little advocate, defend a city deep firm, of action do not come, of command do not go, although call oneself,Ben Yoyi cannot seize. " go up: "Like that. Ancient the official that has the god of the land and the god of the grain-the state, be like,come An, close. Close..
     
    In imperatorial green serve, go up crouch lavatory and inspect. Swallow of prime minister great sees, go up or when not coronal. If An sees,come, on not the coronal disappears also. Taste on sit in fierce account, an prelude thing, go up not coronal, see An, avoid in account, make person but its achieve. Its see obeisance is such.
     
    Zhang Shang square with more mensurable Ling Weiting Wei, an number is qualitative duty before Shang Wushang, say: "Fair for dear, go up cannot Yao first the achievement of the Supreme Being, the evil thought of the world cannot or below, install a country to enrich the people, make jail empty, both does not have one Yan. Blame pain goes, put analyse result, does He Nai take tall emperor to restrain confused more for? Fair do not have with this plant. " discuss with Shang Lun when An, soup argue Chang Zaiwen is deep small exacting, an Kang Li Shougao cannot be bent, angry hair scolds: "The world calls pettifoggery official cannot feel fair dear, as expected. Surely Shang Ye, your the world is heavy sufficient and stand, sidelong glance and inspect! Sidelong glance and inspect!!
     
    Be when, han Fangzheng Hun, enrol Huai Siyi. An Wu little thing, multiply on, saying and Hu He are close, do not have an arms. Art of upper part Xiang Ru, honour a surname great. The benefit that reach an issue is much, official civilian is done opportunely. Part on grammatical, the several achieve such as soup definitely Yan in order to I hope. And An often is destroyed Confucianism, the face touchs the Tu Huaizha such as great to act the role of wisdom with A person advocate take a look, and pettifoggery official only deep Wen Qiao slanders, defect person at the blame, cannot be used turns over his true, it is in order to get the better of result. Beneficial expensive great, soup heals on, an of disease of heart of great, Shang Shen, only the emperor also does not say also, be about to put to death with the thing. Great is prime minister, it is character to go up: "Right inside imperial clan of the many noble in history bound ministry, treat hard, blame element weighs me to cannot hold the post of, the An that ask move from one place to another is right inside history. " for right inside history number year old, government-owned job is not useless.
     
    Imperatorial blueness already beneficial honour, elder sister is empress, like that An and Kang Li. Person or say An says: "From the emperor desire group liege imperatorial, imperatorial esteem increase is costly, gentleman need not be not done obeisance to. " An says: "Husband with imperatorial have bow with hands clasped to a guest, do not weigh unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease instead? " imperatorial hear, more virtuous An, several excuse me doubt of place of national imperial court, the Guo Wuping that encounter An is unripe.
     
    The Wang Mou austral the Huaihe River is turned over, fear An, say: "Very straight expostulate with, preserve chastity after the death of her husband is dead justice, difficult be puzzled in order to be not. If say prime minister great,come,
     
    The emperor is counted already sign Hun have rendered great service, the character beneficial of An need not.
     
    Only then An is labelled 9 dear, and a surname great, Zhang Shang is beadle. Reach great, boiling water a bit increase is costly, with An parity, an is not again destroy great, soup to wait. Soon great comes prime minister, feng Weihou; Soup comes drive history doctor; The prime minister when reason An history all be the same as a row with An, or honour had used. An narrowing heart, cannot not have look less, see on, preface says: "If accumulate firewood ear,Majesty uses group of official, on after arrival residence. " go up silent. An An stops, go up: "Person fruit is not OK and nescient, the speech that watchs An also increasingly very. The speech that watchs An also increasingly very..
     
    House without why, wang Lvzhong of Hun muddy evil will fall, chinese hair car 20 thousand by. Prefectural officer does not have money, from civilian Shi horse. Civilian or conceal horse, the horse is not provided. Go up anger, desire behead Chang'an makes. An says: "Chang'an makes innocent, alone behead An, civilian agree to go into action therefore. And Hun bank its advocate and fall Chinese, chinese Xu with the county second pass, why to become restless to your the world, stop fraud China and the person with thing exterminate surname! " go up silent. The evil that reach muddy comes, gu Ren and city person, sit when the dead 500 Yu person. An is asked, see tall door, say: "Husband Hun is attacked fill in when the road, mix absolutely close, china promotes arms put to death, the casualty cannot be gotten the better of plan, and cost with gigantic ten thousand. Official I thinks Majesty gets Hu Ren, all think slave slave-girl enlists with granting dead thing person; Place bittern is obtained, because of granting, in order to thank the suffering of the world, the heart of stuff common people. Today vertical cannot, number of muddy evil rate is many will fall, award of empty v/arc government repository, send fine civilian serve to raise, if example acts according to arrogant child. How does I civilian know does city buys the thing in Chang'an and Wen Lisheng think does late give property to be concerned at the edge? Even if Majesty cannot get Hun endowment fall with Xie Tian, kill know-nothing with small article again 500 Yu person, it is alleged ' shelter its leaf and hurt its branch ' person also, I are stolen do not take for Majesty also. " go up silent, must not, say: "I is long the talk that does not hear draw water An, today answer absurd is sent. " after a few months, an sits small way, can absolve an official. At it is garden of An concealed Wu Tian.
     
    Reside several years, meeting more money of 5 an ancient unit of weight, civilian money of much pilfer casting, hunan ground blame very. Think the Huaihe River is in relief on, the outskirt of Hunan ground, it is call together to do obeisance to An to be this world of the Huaihe River viceregal. An Fu Xie does not suffer imprint, instruct several grant, like that after Feng Zhao. Instruct call in An, an to go up sob says: "Official flatter oneself fills gully, not answer see Majesty, unexpectedlying Majesty answer of expropriation. I often have dog horse disease, force cannot assume county responsibility, official the man in be formerly, discrepancy is banned door, had filled gleaning, of official former also. " go up: "In relief evil of gentleman thin the Huaihe River? I today call together gentleman. The Yang Limin that consider the Huaihe River is not gotten, jun Zhi weighs Wutude, lie and treat. " An already farewell before setting out, too big impediment ceases, say: "An abandons Ju Jun, must not discuss with the imperial court also. Like that refus of enough of Zhang Shangzhi of drive history doctor remonstrates with, cheat enough is acted the role of blame, the language of Wu artful given to flattery, the demit that argue counts, blame agree to be the world character, only A idea. Plan institute not desire, destroy consequently; Plan institute desire, consequently praise. Good begin a work, dance is grammatical, cheat is conceived inside with drive advocate heart, nip thief official thinks outside power heavy. Fair Lie Jiuqing, of not early talk, fair to it all suffers its . " breath Wei soup, eventually not dare character. An resides county as before to treat, yang Zhengqing of the Huaihe River. Zhang Shang defeats after if really, an and breath talk are heard on, touch breath blame. Your An resides this world of the Huaihe River with vassal photograph order. 7 years old and soldier.
     
    Soldier after, go up with An reason, ren Zhijiu of Guan Jidi draw water dear, child draw water cease comes vassal photograph. An aunt elder sister child Sima Anyi washs a horse less for prince with An. Bring official of Wen Shenqiao be apt to, government-owned the four boundaries of a piece of land or a construction site 9 dear, with Henan viceregal soldier. Elder brother younger brother in order to bring friend, the person that 2000 stone come in the meantime 10 people. Pu Yang Duanhong only then the thing builds Hou Xin, accredit grand, grand also come again 9 dear. The person that protect person fill an office like that is all severe An of fear draw water, give its to fall.
     
    Zheng at that time person, word village, chen Ren also. Its Xian Zhengjun is tasted it is a book general; Book is dead, belong to soon Chinese. Great-great-grandfather makes all reason birthplace of Xiang Jichen name, zheng Jun is not acted according to alone instruct. The person that instruct to do obeisance to a book is a doctor, and chase Zheng Jun. When article of Mr Zheng dead filial piety.
     
    Zheng Zhuang is fond of oneself with Ren Xia, take off Zhang Yu at , between Hunan of acoustical Wen Liang. Xiao Jingshi, abandon a person for prince. Every 5 days wash wash one's hair, constant buy post-horse installs Zhu Jiao, put all old friend, thank guest please, day and night, to its bright dawn, often fear be not being alled over. The village is very yellow old character, if its admire better fears disappearing. Junior official is small, like that its You Zhi is handed in all its are big father goes, the world is famous person also. Wu Dili, village a bit change is Lu Zhongwei, Jinan viceregal, river, to 9 Qing Wei is right inside history. With Wu Anhou Wei Jishi is discussed, demote order is Zhan thing, change is big farming your.
     
    Zhuang Weitai history, below commandment door: "The customer comes, without the person that gentle and simple does not have leave a door unlocked or unbolted. " hold the ceremony of guest and host, with its expensive servent. Zhuang Lian, do not manage its property again, yang Fengci in order to give all fair. Like that person of its Zuo involuntary discharge of urine, calculate nevertheless implement feed. Every face, await on between, say have not not the better of character the world. Its push hub person and official to belong to assist history, sincere have taste of its character also, often bring think virtuous Wu Ji. Have not renown official, belong to character with the official, if fear,hurt. The character of be apt to of famous man, enter over, wary after. Shandong person all fair amiable and compliant with this weigh Zheng Zhuang like that.
     
    Zheng Zhuang makes inspect definitely river, treat please oneself go 5 days. Go up: "I is heard ' Zheng Zhuang Hang, a thousand li not Ji grain ' , treat He Ye of the person that go please? " like that Zheng village hold office at court, constant hasten and bear meaning, dare not bring very should deny. Reach integrity in one's old age, han Zheng Hun, zhao Siyi, the world cost is much, money deficients with beneficial. Person guest is Zhuang Ren big farming Jiu person, flee more negative. This world of Sima Anwei the Huaihe River is viceregal, send its work, village with this defect blame, atone for is person of be the concubine. Of just, defend long history. Feel old on, it is Runa with the village viceregal. Several years old, with Guan Cu.
     
    An of Zheng Zhuang, draw water only then label 9 dear, cheap, adept Man Jian . Abandon in this two people, domestic deficient, guest profit drops. Reach Ju Jun, soldier after home does not have Yu estimate money. Child of village elder brother Sun Yizhuang reason, to 2000 stone 67 people Yan.
     
    Too history fair say: Husband with draw water, Zheng Zhixian, have situation criterion guest decuple, deny without situation criterion, besides everybody! Di Gong issueing Zuo has talk, only then Di Gong is Wei of the court of a feudal ruler, guest Tian door; Reach useless, sparrow collect can be set outside the door. Di Gongfu is Wei of the court of a feudal ruler, guest is about to go to, di Gong is person arrange its door says: "One dead lifetime, know friendship therefore. One deficient one rich, it is intimate friend condition. One expensive one cheap, friendship sees therefore. " draw water, Zheng Yiyun, bei husband!
     
    Henan correct is made, say since ancient times virtuous. Manage lies south the Huaihe River, yan of the emperor bend over. Accumulate firewood to promote sigh, kang heals continuously firm. Zheng Zhuang is pushed person, the world amiables and compliant like that. Hand in ritzy, zhan of Di Gong sorrowful.


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