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强国篇第十六_荀子

章节: 强国篇第十六
书名: 荀子
类目: 子部
原作者:
朝代:
写作年代: 约公元前52年  至  公元后813年
视频: 强国篇第十六_荀子
音频: 强国篇第十六_荀子
新国学:
  刑范正,金锡美,工冶巧,火齐得,剖刑而莫邪已。然而不剥脱,不砥厉,则不可以断绳。剥脱之,砥厉之,则劙盘盂,刎牛马,忽然耳。彼国者,亦强国之剖刑已。然而不教诲,不调一,则入不可以守,出不可以战。教诲之,调一之,则兵劲城固,敌国不敢婴也。彼国者亦有砥厉,礼义节奏是也。故人之命在天,国之命在礼。人君者,隆礼尊贤而王,重法爱民而霸,好利多诈而危,权谋倾覆幽险而亡。

 
  威有三:有道德之威者,有暴察之威者,有狂妄之威者--此三威者,不可不孰察也。礼义则修,分义则明,举错则时,爱利则形。如是,百姓贵之如帝,高之如天,亲之如父母,畏之如神明。故赏不用而民劝,罚不用而威行,夫是之谓道德之威。礼乐则不修,分义则不明,举错则不时,爱利则不形;然而其禁暴也察,其诛不服也审,其刑罚重而信,其诛杀猛而必,黭然而雷击之,如墙厌之。如是,百姓劫则致畏,嬴则敖上,执拘则[最]聚,得间则散,敌中则夺,非劫之以形埶,非振之以诛杀,则无以有其下,夫是之谓暴察之威。无爱人之心,无利人之事,而日为乱人之道,百姓讙敖,则从而执缚之,刑灼之,不和人心。如是,下比周贲溃以离上矣,倾覆灭亡,可立而待也,夫是之谓狂妄之威。--此三威者,不可不孰察也。道德之威成乎安强,暴察之威成乎危弱,狂妄之威成乎灭亡也。
 
  公孙子曰:子发将西伐蔡,克蔡,获蔡侯,归致命曰:“蔡侯奉其社稷,而归之楚;舍属二三子而治其地。”既,楚发其赏,子发辞曰:“发诫布令而敌退,是主威也;徙举相攻而敌退,是将威也;合战用力而敌退,是众威也。臣舍不宜以众威受赏。”
 
  讥之曰:子发之致命也恭,其辞赏也固。夫尚贤使能,赏有功,罚有罪,非独一人为之也,彼先王之道也,一人之本也,善善恶恶之应也,治必由之,古今一也。古者明主之举大事,立大功也,大事已博,大功已立,则君享其成,群臣享其功,士大夫益爵,官人益秩,庶人益禄。是以为善者劝,为不善者沮,上下一心,三军同力,是以百事成,而功名大也。今子发独不然:反先王之道,乱楚国之法,堕兴功之臣,耻受赏之属,无僇乎族党,而抑卑其后世,案独以为私廉,岂不过甚矣哉!故曰:子发之致命也恭,其辞赏也固。
 
  荀卿子说齐相曰:处胜人之埶,行胜人之道,天下莫忿,汤武是也。处胜人之埶,不以胜人之道,厚于有天下之埶,索为匹夫不可得也,桀纣是也。然则得胜人之埶者,其不如胜人之道远矣!夫主相者,胜人以埶也,是为是,非为非,能为能,不能为不能,并己之私欲,必以道,夫公道通义之可以相兼容者,是胜人之道也。今相国上则得专主,下则得专国,相国之于胜人之埶,亶有之矣。然则胡不驱此胜人之埶,赴胜人之道,求仁厚明通之君子而托王焉,与之参国政,正是非!如是,则国孰敢不为义矣!君臣上下,贵贱长少,至于庶人,莫不为义,则天下孰不欲合义矣!贤士愿相国之朝,能士愿相国之官,好利之民莫不愿以齐为归,是一天下也。相国舍是而不为,案直为是世俗之所以为,则女主乱之宫,诈臣乱之朝,贪吏乱之官,众庶百姓皆以争夺贪利为俗,曷若是而可以持国乎?今巨楚县吾前,大燕(鱼酋)吾后,劲魏钩吾右,西壤之不绝若绳,楚人则乃有襄贲开阳以临吾左,是一国作谋,则三国必起而乘我。如是,则齐必断而为四、三,国若假城然耳,必为天下大笑。曷若两者孰足为也!夫桀纣,圣王之后子孙也,有天下者之世也,埶籍之所存,天下之宗室也,土地之大,封内千里,人之众数以亿万,俄而天下倜然举去桀纣而奔汤武,反然举恶桀纣而贵汤武。是何也?夫桀纣何失?而汤武何得也?曰:是无它故焉,桀纣者善为人所恶也,而汤武者善为人所好也。人之所恶何也?曰:污漫、争夺、贪利是也。人之所好者何也?曰:礼义、辞让、忠信是也。今君人者,譬称比方则欲自并乎汤武,若其所以统之,则无以异于桀纣,而求有汤武之功名,可乎?故凡得胜者,必与人也;凡得人者,必与道也。道也者,何也?礼义、辞让、忠信是也。故自四五万而往者,强胜非众之力也,隆在信矣。自数百里而往者,安固非大之力也,隆在修政矣。今已有数万之众者也,陶诞比周以争与;已有数百里之国者也,污漫突盗以争地;然则是弃己之所安强,而争己之所以危弱也;损己之所不足,以重己之所有余。若是其悖缪也,而求有汤武之功名,可乎!辟之,是犹伏而咶天,救经而引其足也。说必不行矣,愈务而愈远。为人臣者,不恤己行之不行,苟得利而已矣,是渠冲入穴而求利也,是仁人之所羞而不为也。故人莫贵乎生,莫乐乎安;所以养生安乐者,莫大乎礼义。人知贵生乐安而弃礼义,辟之,是犹欲寿而歾颈也,愚莫大焉。故君人者,爱民而安,好士而荣,两者亡一焉而亡。诗曰:“价人维藩,大师维垣。”此之谓也。
 
  力术止,义术行,曷谓也?曰:秦之谓也。威强乎汤武,广大乎舜禹,然而忧患不可胜校也。諰諰然常恐天下之一合而轧己也,此所谓力术止也。曷谓乎威强乎汤武?汤武也者,乃能使说己者使耳。今楚、父死焉,国举焉,负三王之庙,而辟于陈蔡之间,视可司间,案欲剡其胫而以蹈秦之腹,然而秦使左案左,使右案右,是乃使雠人役也;此所谓威强乎汤武也。曷谓广大乎舜禹也?曰:古者百王之一天下,臣诸侯也,未有过封内千里者也。今秦南乃有沙羡与俱,是乃江南也。北与胡貉为邻,西有巴戎,东在楚者乃界于齐,在韩者踰常山乃有临虑,在魏者乃据圉津--即去大梁百有二十里耳!其在赵者剡然有苓而据松柏之塞,负西海而固常山,是地遍天下也。威动海内,强殆中国,然而忧患不可胜校也,諰諰然常恐天下之一合而轧己也;此所谓广大乎舜禹也。然则奈何?曰:节威反文,案用夫端诚信全之君子治天下焉,因与之参国政,正是非,治曲直,听咸阳,顺者错之,不顺者而后诛之。若是,则兵不复出于塞外,而令行于天下矣。若是,则虽为之筑明堂于塞外而朝诸侯,殆可矣。假今之世,益地不如益信之务也。
 
  应侯问孙卿子曰:入秦何见?
 
  孙卿子曰:其固塞险,形埶便,山林川谷美,天材之利多,是形胜也。入境,观其风俗,其百姓朴,其声乐不流污,其服不佻,甚畏有司而顺,古之民也。及都邑官府,其百吏肃然,莫不恭俭、敦敬、忠信而不楛,古之吏也。入其国,观其士大夫,出于其门,入于公门;出于公门,归于其家,无有私事也;不比周,不朋党,倜然莫不明通而公也,古之士大夫也。观其朝廷,其朝闲,听决百事不留,恬然如无治者,古之朝也。故四世有胜,非幸也,数也。是所见也。故曰:佚而治,约而详,不烦而功,治之至也,秦类之矣。虽然,则有其諰矣。兼是数具者而尽有之,然而县之以王者之功名,则倜倜然其不及远矣!是何也?则其殆无儒邪!故曰粹而王,驳而霸,无一焉而亡。此亦秦之所短也。
 
  积微:月不胜日,时不胜月,岁不胜时。凡人好敖慢小事,大事至然后兴之务之,如是,则常不胜夫敦比于小事者矣。是何也?则小事之至也数,其县日也博,其为积也大;大事之至也希,其县日也浅,其为积也小。故善日者王,善时者霸,补漏者危,大荒者亡。故王者敬日,霸者敬时,仅存之国危而后戚之。亡国至亡而后知亡,至死而后知死,亡国之祸败,不可胜悔也。霸者之善箸焉,可以时托也;王者之功名,不可胜日志也。财物货宝以大为重,政教功名反是--能积微者速成。诗曰:“德輶如毛,民鲜克举之。”此之谓也。
 
  凡奸人之所以起者,以上之不贵义,不敬义也。夫义者,所以限禁人之为恶与奸者也。今上不贵义,不敬义,如是,则天下之人百姓,皆有弃义之志,而有趋奸之心矣,此奸人之所以起也。且上者下之师也,夫下之和上,譬之犹响之应声,影之像形也。故为人上者,不可不顺也。夫义者,内节于人,而外节于万物者也;上安于主,而下调于民者也;内外上下节者,义之情也。然则凡为天下之要,义为本,而信次之。古者禹汤本义务信而天下治,桀纣弃义倍信而天下乱。故为人上者,必将慎礼义,务忠信,然后可。此君人者之大本也。堂上不粪,则郊草不瞻旷芸;白刃扞乎胸,则目不见流矢;拔戟加乎首,则十指不辞断;非不以此为务也,疾养缓急之有相先者也。
 

  • New Sinology Title:
    Powerful nation piece Xun Zi of the 16th _

    New Sinology Chapter:
    Powerful nation piece the 16th

    New Sinology BookName:
    Xun Zi

    New Sinology Catalog:
    Child ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    Punishment Fan Zheng, jin Ximei, labour smelt metal is artful, fire is neat, analyse punishment and Mo Xie already. Do not exfoliate however, do not whetstone severe, can not break a string. Exfoliate, of whetstoning severe, criterion dish jar, oxen and hores-beeasts of burden of cut one's throat, suddenly ear. Those country person, the analyse punishment of Yi Jiang country already. Do not teaching however, do not move one, enter can not defend, it is not OK to go out battle. Of instruction, tone one, criterion Bing Jincheng originallies, enemy state not dare baby also. Those country person Yi Youdi severe, ceremony justice rhythm is also. The life of old friend is in day, national life is in ceremony. Person gentleman person, long Lizun virtuous and king, serious way cherishs his fellow citizen and bully, good profit much bluff somebody into giving information and danger, tactics capsize hidden danger and die.

     
    Power have 3: Those who have morality power person, the person that have cruel Cha Zhiwei, have madcap power person - - this 3 power person, cannot not who examine also. Ceremony justice is repaired, divide Yi Zeming, when lifting fault criterion, love benefit criterion form. So, common people is like the Supreme Being expensively, gao Zhiru day, be like parents in person, of Wei be like deities. Reason is admired need not and civilian persuade, punish need not and power travel, the husband is call of morality power. The ceremony is happy do not repair, cent justice is unidentified, lift fault criterion often, love benefit criterion not form; However its are banned cruel also examine, its kill refuses to obey also careful, its penalty is weighed and believe, its kill is killed fierce and surely, Zuo however of be struck by lightning, of the be disgusted with that be like a wall. So, common people disaster sends Wei, on Ying Zeao, hold arrest criterion [most] get together, come loose, enemy in seize, be not disaster with form , blame brace up kill in order to put to death, do not have fall in order to have its, the husband is call cruel Cha Zhiwei. Do not have the sweetheart's heart, do not have the thing of benefit person, and the path that day is confused person, ao of common people Zhu , criterion thereby hold of ligature, xing Zhuozhi, disaccord popular feeling. So, ;burst;ulcerate;fester to go up in order to leave than Zhou Ben below, capsize is ruined, can stand and wait for also, the husband is call madcap power. - - this 3 power person, cannot not who examine also. Of morality power into An Jiang, cruel Cha Zhiwei is become danger is weak, madcap power into ruined also.
     
    Fair grandchildren says: Child hair general on the west cut down Cai, gram Cai, obtain Cai Hou, return deadly say: "Cai Hou gives its the god of the land and the god of the grain-the state, and Gui Zhichu; Abandon belong to 23 child and manage its land. " already, chu Faji is admired, child hair decline says: "The cloth that send commandment makes and enemy retreat, be advocate power also; Move from one place to another is lifted be attacked and enemy retreat, be will power also; Add up to battle to exert oneself to do sth. and enemy retreat, it is numerous power also. I are abandoned unfavorable with numerous power suffer admire.
     
    Of mock say: Child of hair deadly also respectful, its demit is admired also originally. Husband Shang Xian makes can, enjoy have rendered great service, punish guilty, not merely one person does it also, those first Wang Zhi also, of one person this also, good and evil of be apt to is evil should also, treat surely by, gu Jin one also. Gu Zheming advocate raise a major issue, establish extraordinary service also, important matter already rich, great merit already stood, criterion Jun Xiangji is become, group I enjoy its work, scholar-bureaucrat beneficial the rank of nobility, government-owned person beneficial orders, salary of beneficial of person of be the concubine. It is to think be apt to person persuade, the person that it is not to be pooh-poohed stops, fluctuation of one mind, the army is the same as force, be become with 100 things, and the scholarly honour and official rank is big also. Today child hair alone otherwise: Instead first Wang Zhi, the law of random Hunan country, fall promotes Gong Zhichen, shame suffers admire belong to, without a group of things with common features party, and curb low its later ages, case think alone illicit cheap, do not pass very! Friend says: Child of hair deadly also respectful, its demit is admired also originally.
     
    A surname Qing Zi says neat photograph says: Be in the that gets the better of a person, get the better of the person's path all right, the world not angry, shang Wu is also. Be in the that gets the better of a person, not in order to get the better of the person's path, thick the at falling one day, all alone cannot be gotten for ordinary man also, name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant of the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty is also. In that case the of triumphant person person, its are not as far as the path that gets the better of a person! Husband advocate person, get the better of a person with also, be be is, blame to be not, can be can, cannot be cannot, and personal selfish desire, surely in order to, husband justice is connected justice can compatible person, it is the path that gets the better of a person also. Get on photograph country today only advocate, get below only country, the at getting the better of a person of photograph country, has. Moustache ining that case not this gets the better of drive the person's , attend the talk that gets the better of a person, beg clemency bright a man of noble character that know and hold Wang Yan in the palm, join national politics to it, be not just about! So, criterion what dare not be the country justice! Jun Chen fluctuates, gentle and simple is long little, as to person of be the concubine, there's no one who doesn't or isn't is justice, criterion the world what is not about to close justice! Virtuous person wish the face of photograph country, can person wish the official of photograph country, of good profit civilian there's no one who doesn't or isn't wishs to return with Qi Wei, it is one the world also. Photograph country is abandoned is and do not be, the case is straight be is lay it is, female advocate random palace, the face of cheat official chaos, have an insatiable desire for the official of official chaos, common people of numerous be the concubine all is common with contending for corrupt benefit, how if and can you run a country? Today gigantic Hunan county before me, big swallow (Yu Qiu) after me, strong Wei Gou I is right, on the west of soil be like a rope hourly, hunan person is Ben Kaiyang having help in order to face me left, it is one country is made seek, the the Three Kingdoms rises surely and multiply me. So, qi Bi is broken and be 4, 3, the country is like false city like that ear, laugh for the world surely. If how is both what is sufficient for also! Name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant of husband the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty, the descendants after holy Wang Zhi also, the world of the person that fall one day also, the place of book is put, the imperial clan of the world also, of land big, seal inside a thousand li, the person's mode with millions upon millions, presently and the world Ti is lifted like that go name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant of the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty and go straight towards Shang Wu, lift name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant of evil the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty like that instead and Gui Shangwu. Be He Ye? Why is name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant of husband the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty broken? And why is Shang Wu gotten also? Say: It is not to have its reason Yan, name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant of the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty person place of humanness of be apt to is evil also, and Shang Wu person place of humanness of be apt to is good also. An evil He Ye of the person? Say: Corrupt free, contention, corrupt benefit is also. Is the person's place good person He Ye? Say: Ceremony justice, politely decline, faithful letter is also. Today gentleman person person, example weighs example criterion desire from and Shang Wu, be like its so of all, do not have with name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant of different Yu Jie, and the scholarly honour and official rank that demands connecting with the boxing skill having boiling water, can? Friend this mortal world gets a winner, surely with the person also; The person that every gets a person, surely with path also. Path also person, he Ye? Ceremony justice, politely decline, faithful letter is also. Reason from 449 and the person that go to, jiang Shengfei's numerous force also, long Zaixin. From the person that count a hunderd li and go to, an Gufei's great power also, long Zaixiu politics. Today already know exactly about sth ten thousand numerous person also, contented birth is compared Zhou Yizheng and; The person that already had hundreds lis state also, corrupt free dash forward pilfer in order to contend for the ground; Ining that case is to abandon an An Jiang of oneself, and contend for oneself high weak also; Personal place is not worth caustic, the place with heavy oneself is superabundant. If its are contrary to Miao Ye, and the scholarly honour and official rank that demands connecting with the boxing skill having boiling water, but! Of monarch, be still volt and day, save bring its via sufficient also. Say to be no good surely, more Wu and more far. The person that it is person official, not compensate of personal travel be no good, gou Deli just, be canal irruptive acupuncture point and seek profit also, the place be ashamed that is benevolence person and do not be also. Old friend Mo Gui unripe, molehuan; So peace and happiness of preserve one's health person, greatest ceremony justice. The person knows expensive Shenglean and abandon ceremony justice, of monarch, it is You Yushou and neck also, I is greatest Yan. Reason gentleman person person, cherish one's fellow citizen and install, good person and flourish, both die one Yan and die. The poem says: " this call also.
     
    Force art stops, justice technique goes, does how call also? Say: Qin Zhi calls also. Power strong Shang Wu, broad Shun Yu, however hardship cannot be gotten the better of school also. Zheng Zheng often fears one of the world closing like that and make friends oneself also, this alleged force art stops also. Does how call power strong Shang Wu? Shang Wu also person, can make say therefore oneself person make ear. Today dead Yan of Hunan, father, the country lifts Yan, lose the temple of 3 king, and between monarch Yu Chencai, inspect can manage, leg of case desire Shan Ji and the abdomen with skip the Qin Dynasty, however the Qin Dynasty makes different proposal different, make right record right, it is to make therefore Chou person battle also; This is alleged power strong Shang Wu also. Does how call broad Shun Yu Ye? Say: Ancient person the one the world of 100 king, official is vassal also, had had no inside a thousand li person also. There is Sha Xianyu all therefore south the Qin Dynasty today, it is to be Changjiang Delta also. North and introduced from the northern and western nationalities or from abroad racoon dog are adjacent, there is Ba Rong on the west, be in east Hunan person Yu Qi you a bound, have therefore in the root of antipyretic dichroa of Han Zhe Zuo face Lv, occupy ferry aning enclosure for storing grain therefore in Wei Zhe - - go namely 100 have crossbeam 20 lis of ear! Its have Ling like that in Zhao Zhe Shan and fill in according to loose Bai Zhi, lose on the west the sea and solid the root of antipyretic dichroa, it is the ground alls over the world also. Power use within the country, strong almost China, however hardship cannot be gotten the better of school also, Zheng Zheng often fears one of the world closing like that and make friends oneself also; This is alleged and broad Shun Yu Ye. How ining that case? Say: Section power is turned over civil, case the Duan Cheng that use a husband believes whole a man of noble character to treat the world Yan, because join national politics to it, be not just about, treat right and wrong, listen to Xian Yang, the person that arrange is wrong, the person that do not arrange puts to death after that. If, criterion arms do not reappear outside Yu Sai, and make go at the world. If, although do it,build bright hall at north of the Great Wall face is vassal, almost but. False today world, the Wu that beneficial ground believes as beneficial also.
     
    Should Hou Wensun Qing Zi says: Enter Qin He to see?
     
    Grandson Qing Zi says: Danger of its solid a place of strategic importance, form , cereal of mountain forest plain is beautiful, the interest of day capable person is much, be form get the better of also. Enter a country, observe its custom, its common people is simple, its vocal music does not flow corrupt, its are taken not Tiao, wei has department and arrange very, gu Zhimin also. Reach Dou Yi to local authorities, its 100 official respectful like that, not disrespectful frugal, Dui Jing, faithful letter and not , ancient official also. Enter its country, watch its scholar-bureaucrat, stem from its door, enter at fair door; Stem from fair door, be attributed to its home, without have private affairs also; Unlike, not clique, ti like that there's no one who doesn't or isn't bright connect and fair also, ancient scholar-bureaucrat also. Watch its imperial court, its government not in use, listen definitely 100 things do not stay, if calm does not have the person that treat, ancient face also. 4 worlds have friend get the better of, blame favour also, several also. It is what to see also. Friend says: Comfort and treat, make an appointment with and detailed, not irritated and result, treat to also, the Qin Dynasty kind. Although, have its Zheng . Count the person that provide and holding concurrently all have, however the scholarly honour and official rank of the county with Wang Zhe, criterion Ti Ti like that its not as good as far! Be He Ye? Criterion its almost is not had Confucianism unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease! Friend says pure and king, refute and bully, do not have one Yan and die. The place of this Yi Qin is short also.
     
    Accumulate small: Month deeply day, when deeply month, year old deeply when. Bagatelle of laic good Ao Man, of the Wu that the important matter reachs to be promoted next, so, criterion constant deeply husband honest is compared at bagatelle person. Be He Ye? Criterion of bagatelle come to also be counted, its county day also rich, its are indigestion big also; Of the important matter come to also hope, its county day is light also, its are indigestion small also. Day of reason be apt to person king, when be apt to person bully, fill the person that leak highs, old be out of practice person die. Reason Wangzhe respects day, bully person when respecting, the state that puts only highs after that Qi Zhi. A conquered nation comes die to know to die after that, know dead after that to death, the disaster of a conquered nation is defeated, cannot get the better of regret also. Bully person Yan of chopsticks of be apt to, can when hold in the palm also; Wang Zhe's scholarly honour and official rank, cannot surpass a daily record also. Property goods treasure with be being weighed greatly, politics teaching a scholarly honour and official rank is instead - - can accumulate small person crash. The poem says: "Heart Zuo is like wool, civilian delicacy gram lifts. " this call also.
     
    The person that every serpent rises, of above not expensive justice, irreverent justice also. Husband justice person, be restricted to detain a person so for evil with evil person also. Go up today not expensive justice, irreverent justice, so, criterion the person common people of the world, all have abandon justice annals, and the heart of evil having hasten, this serpent rises also. And the division below the person that go up also, on the sum below the husband, of example still ring immediately, of the shadow resemble form also. Reason is the person that the person goes up, cannot not arrange also. Husband justice person, inside section at the person, and outside section at everythings on earth person also; Be content with on advocate, and reduce at civilian person also; The person that the part plays on inside and outside, justice affection also. Every ining that case is the world should, justice for this, and letter take second place. Wu of original meaning of Gu Zheyu soup is believed and the world is treated, name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant of the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty is abandoned justice times believe and the world is random. Reason is the person that the person goes up, be sure Shen Liyi, wu faithful letter, next but. This gentleman person person big also. On hall not dung, criterion outskirt is careless not Yun of look up free from worries; Naked sword bosom, look do not see Liushi; Unplug halberd is added head, criterion 10 point to not demit is broken; Blame do not be Wu with this also, disease raises emergency have first person also.
     
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