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颜氏家训(17-20)_六韬

书证篇第十七
 
  太公《六韬》,有天陈、地陈、人陈、云鸟之陈。《论语》曰:“卫灵公问陈於孔子。”《左传》:“为鱼丽之陈。”俗本多作“阜”旁车乘之“车”。案诸陈队,并作陈、郑之“陈”。夫行陈之义,取於陈列耳,此“六书”为假借也。《苍》、《雅》及近世字书,皆无别字,唯王羲之《小学章》独“阜”旁作“车”。纵复俗行,不宜追改《六韬》、《论语》、《左传》也。
 
  “也”是语已及助句之辞,文籍备有之矣。河北经\ 传②,悉略此字。其间字有不可得无者。至如“伯也执殳”,“於旅也语”,“回也屡空”心,“风,风也,教也”,及《诗传》云“不戢,我也;不傩,傩也”,“不多,多也”如斯之类,傥削此文,颇成废阙。《诗》言:“青青子衿”,《传》曰:“青衿,青领也,学子之服。”按古者斜领下连於衿,故谓领为衿,孙炎、郭璞注《尔雅》,曹大家注《列女传》,并云:“衿,交领也。”邺下《诗》本既无“也”字,群儒固谬说云:“青衿、青领,是衣两处之名,皆以青为饰。”用释“青青”二字,其失大矣。又有俗学,闻经、传中时须“也”字,辄以意加之,每不得所,益成可笑。
 
  《后汉书》:“酷吏樊晔为天水太守,凉州为之歌曰:‘宁见乳虎穴,不入冀府寺,”而江南书本“穴”皆误作“六”,学士因循,迷而不寐。夫虎豹穴居,事之较者,所以班超云:“不探虎穴,安得虎子?”宁当论其六七耶?
 
客有难主人曰:“今之经典,子皆谓非,《说文》所言,子皆云是,然则许慎胜孔子乎?”主人拊掌大笑,应之曰:“今之经典,皆孔子手迹耶?”客曰:“今之《说文》,皆许慎手迹乎?”答曰:“许慎检以六文,贯以部分,使不得误,误则觉之。孔子存其义而不论其文也。先儒尚得改文从意,何况书写流传邓?必如《左传》止戈为武,反正为乏,虫为蛊,亥有二首六身之类,后人自不得辄改也,安敢以《说文》校其是非哉?且馀亦不专以《说文》为是也,其有援引经传,与今乖者,未之敢从。又相如《封禅书》曰:‘导一茎六穗于扈,牺双解共抵之兽,此导训择,光武诏云:‘非徒有豫养导择之劳,是也。而《说文》云:‘道是禾名。’引《封禅书》为证;无妨自当有禾名道,非相如所用也。‘禾一茎六穗于扈,’岂成文乎?纵使相如天才鄙拙,强为此语,则下句当云‘麟双角共抵之兽,’不得云牺也。吾尝笑许纯儒,不达文章之体,如此之流,不足凭信,大抵服其为书,隐括有条例,剖析穷根源,郑玄注书,往往引以为证;若不信其说,则冥冥不知一点一画,有何意焉。”
 
音辞篇第十八
 
南方水土和柔,其音清举而切诣,失在浮浅,其辞多鄙俗;北方山川深厚,其音沉浊而化钝,得其质直,其辞多古语。然冠冕君子,南方为优;闾里小人,北方为愈。易服而与之谈,南方士庶,数言可辩;隔垣而听其语,北方朝野,终日难分。而南染吴越,北杂夷虏,皆有深弊,不可具论……
 
“甫”者,男子之美称。古书多假借为“父”字,北人遂无一人呼为“甫”者,亦所未喻。唯管仲、范增之号,须依字读耳。
 
“邪”者,未定之词。《左传》曰:“不知天之弃鲁邪?抑鲁君有罪於鬼神邪?”《庄子》云:“天邪?地邪?”《汉书》云:“是邪?非邪?”之类是也。而北人即呼为“也”,亦为误矣。难者曰:“《系辞》云:‘乾坤,《易》之门户邪?’此又为未定辞乎?”答曰:“何为不尔,上先标问,下方列德以折之耳。”
 
古人云:“膏粱难整。”以其为骄奢自足,不能克励也。吾见王侯外戚,语多不正,亦由内染贱保傅,外无良师友故耳。……
 
杂艺篇第十九
 
真草书迹,微须留意。江南谚云:“尺牍书疏,千里面目也”承晋宋馀俗,相与事之,故无顿狼狈者。吾幼承门业,加性爱重,所见法书亦多,而玩习功夫颇至,遂不能佳者,良由无分故也。然而此艺不须过精。夫巧者劳而智者忧,常为人所役使,更觉为累。韦仲将遗戒,深有以也。
 
王逸少风流才士,萧散名人,举世唯知其书,翻以能自蔽也。萧子云每叹曰:“吾著《齐书》,勒成一典,文章弘义,自谓可观,唯以笔迹得名,亦异事也。”王褒地胃清华,才学仇敏,后虽入关,亦被礼遇,犹以书工,崎岖碑碣<间,辛苦笔砚之役,尝悔恨曰:“假使吾不知书,可不至今日邪?”以此观之,慎勿以书自命。虽然,廝猥之人,以能书拔擢者多矣。故“道不同不相为谋”也。
 
梁氏秘阁散逸以来,吾见二王真草多矣,家中尝得十卷,方知陶隐居、阮交州、萧祭酒诸书,莫不得羲之之体,故是书之渊源。萧晚节所变,乃右军年少时法也。
 
晋宋以来,多能书者,故其时俗,递相染尚,所有部帙,楷正可观,不无俗字,非为大损。至梁天监之间,斯风未变。大同之末,讹替滋生,萧子云改易字体,邵陵王颁行伪字,朝野翕然,以为楷式,画虎不成,多所伤败。至为一字,唯见数点,或妄斟酌,逐便转移。尔后坟籍,略不可看。北朝丧乱之馀,书迹鄙陋,加以专辄造字,猥拙甚於江南,乃以“百”“念”为“忧”,“言”“反”为“变”,“不”“用”为“罢”,“追”“来”为“归”,”“更”“生”为“苏”,“先”“人”为“老”,如此非一,遍满经传。唯有姚元标工於楷隶,留心小学,后生师之者众,泊于齐末,秘书缮写,贤於往日多矣。
 
江南闾里间有《画书赋》,乃陶隐居弟子林道士所为。其人未甚识字,轻为轨则,托名贵师,世俗传信,后生颇为所误也。
 
画绘之工,亦为妙矣,自古名士,多或能之。吾家尝有梁元帝手画蝉雀白团扇及马图,亦难及也。武烈太子偏能写真,坐上宾客,随宜点染,即成数人,以问童孺,皆知姓名矣。萧贲、刘孝先、刘灵,并文学已外,复佳此法。玩阅古今,特可宝爱。若官未通显,每被公私使令,亦为狠役。吴县顾士端出身湘东王国待郎,后为镇南府刑狱参军,有子曰庭,西朝中书舍人,父子并有琴、书之艺,尤妙丹青,常被元帝所使,每怀羞恨。彭城刘岳,囊之子也,仕为骠骑府管记、平氏县令,才学快士,而画绝伦。后随武陵王入蜀,下牢之败,遂为陆护军画支江寺壁,与诸工巧杂处。向使三贤都不晓画,直运素业,岂见此耻乎?
 
孤矢之利,以威天下,先王所以现德择贤,亦济身之急务也。江南谓世之常射,以为“兵射”,冠冕儒生,多不习此。别有“博射”,弱弓长箭,施於准的,揖让升降,以行礼焉,防御寇难,了无所益,乱离之后,此术遂亡。河北文士,率晓“兵射”,非直葛洪一箭,已解追兵,三九宴集,常縻荣赐。虽然,要轻禽,截狡兽,不愿汝辈为之。
 
算术亦是六艺要事。自古儒士论天道。定律历者,智学通之。然可以兼明,不可以专业。江南此学殊少,唯范阳祖恒精之,位至南康太守。河北多晚此术。
 
医方之事,取妙极难,不劝汝曾以自命也。微解药性,小小和合,居家得以救急,亦为胜事,皇甫谧、殷仲堪则其人也。
 
《礼》曰:“君子无故不彻琴瑟。”古来名士,多所爱好。洎于梁初,衣冠子孙,不知琴者,号有所阙。大同以末,斯风顿尽。然而此乐音音雅致,有深味哉!今世曲解,虽变于古,犹足以畅神情也。唯不可令有称誉,见役勋贵,处之下坐,以取残杯冷炙之辱。戴安道犹遭之,况尔曹乎!
 
终制篇第二十
 
死者,人之常分,不可免也。吾年十九,值梁家丧乱,其间与白刃为伍者,亦常数辈,幸承馀福,得至於今。古人云:“五十不为夭。”吾已六十馀,故心坦然,不以残年为念。先有风气之疾,常疑奄然,聊书素怀,以为汝诫。
 
先君先夫人皆未还建邺旧山,旅葬江陵东郭。承圣末,已启求扬都,欲营迁靥,蒙诏赐银百两,已於扬州小郊北地烧砖。便值本朝沦没,流离如此。数十年间,绝於还望。今虽混一,家道馨穷,何由办此奉营资费?且扬都污毁,无复遗,还被下湿,未为得计。自咎自责,贯心刻髓。
 
  孔子之葬亲也,云:“古者墓而不坟,丘东西南北之人也,不可以弗识也。”於是封之崇四尺。然则君子应世行道,亦有不守坟墓之时,况为事际所逼也。吾今羁旅,身若浮云,竟未知何乡是吾葬地,唯当气绝便埋之耳。汝曹宜以传业扬名为务,不可顾恋朽壤,以取湮没也。

  • New Sinology Title:
    Model of home of colour family name (17-20) _ 6 sheath or bow case

    New Sinology Chapter:
    Model of home of colour family name (17-20)

    New Sinology BookName:
    6 sheath or bow case

    New Sinology Catalog:
    Child ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    Book card piece the seventeenth
     
    Great-grandfather " 6 sheath or bow case " , one day old, the ground old, person old, of Yun Diao old. " the analects of confucius " say: "Wei Ling is fair ask old Wu Kongzi. " " Zun Chuan " : "For Yu Lizhi old. " common is made more originally " mound " by the car multiplies " car " . Team of case Zhu Chen, make old, Zheng Zhi " old " . Husband travel Chen Zhiyi, take Wu Chen to list ear, this " Hexateuch " for make use of also. " dark green " , " elegant " reach recent wordbook, nix written or mispronounced character, only of Wang Xi " elementary school chapter " alone " mound " by make " car " . Even if answer common goes, unfavorable chase after change " 6 sheath or bow case " , " the analects of confucius " , " Zun Chuan " also.
     
    "Also " be language already reached aid sentence demit, of article book stock. Heibei classics \ passes ② , all slightly this word. Meantime word has cannot get the person that not have. Be like,come " uncle also hold an ancient weapon made of bamboo " , "Wu Lv also language " , "Time also repeatedly empty " heart, "Wind, wind also, teach also " , reach " the poem is passed " the cloud " not Ji, I also; Not exorcise, exorcise also " , "Not much, much also " be like Si Zhi kind, tang cuts this article, become quite useless fault. " poem " character: "Green Qing Zijin " , " pass " say: "Qing Jin, blueness is gotten also, of the student take. " by ancient person inclined get Lian Wujin, friend says get for Jin, sun Yan, Guo Pu is noted " Er is elegant " , cao Dajia is noted " row daughter is passed " , and the cloud: "Jin, hand in get also. " below Ye " poem " do not have already originally " also " word, group Confucianism solid erroneous says the cloud: "Qing Jin, blueness is gotten, it is the garment the name of two place, all be with blueness adorn. " with commentate " Qing Qing " 2 words, its are broken big. Again common learns, hear classics, in passing when beard " also " word, always with meaning together with, every do not get place, beneficial becomes absurdity.
     
    " book of the later Han dynasty " : "Cruel official Fan Ye is day water viceregal, cool city does it the song says: ' peaceful dangerous place seeing breed, do not join temple of government office of look forward to, " and Changjiang Delta book " acupuncture point " all make by accident " 6 " , bachelor follow, confuse and do not sleep. Live in caves of husband tiger leopard, of the thing relatively person, so the class exceeds the cloud: "Not explore dangerous place, an Dehu child? " should talk its rather 67 Ye?
     
    The guest has difficult host to say: "Today classical, child all call blame, " say civil " place character, child all the cloud is, confucius of Xu Shensheng ining that case? " host claps hands yock, those who answer say: "Today classical, all Confucius script Ye? " the guest says: "Today " say civil " , all make careful script? " answer: "Xu Shen check with 6 article, be linked together with the part, cannot be used by accident, become aware by accident. Confucius is put its justice and no matter its article also. Xian Rushang must change civil from meaning, write what is more,the rather that circulate Deng? Be like surely " Zun Chuan " stop Ge Weiwu, it is lack anyway, bug is a legendary venomous insect, the last of the twelve Earthly Branches has and so on of 2 6 bodies, later generations does not get always to change oneself also, an Gan with " say civil " school its dispute? And Yu also not only with " say civil " be is also, its have cite classics, with today good person, not dare from. Similar " Feng Chanshu " say: ' guide one bine 6 spic at retinue, the animal that sacrifice double solution touchs in all, this guides example choose, smooth Wu Zhaoyun: ' blame apprentice has comfort to raise guide the fatigue of choose, be also. And " say civil " the cloud: ' is standing grain name. ' bring " Feng Chanshu " for card; Just as well should have He Mingdao oneself, blame is similar be used also. ' standing grain one bine 6 spic at retinue, ' existing writings? Even if is similar talent low clumsy, it is this language by force, fall sentence when the cloud ' the animal that Lin dual role touchs in all, ' do not get the cloud to a beast of uniform color for sacrifice also. I is tasted laugh at Xu Chunru, do not amount to the body of the article, such and his like, be not worth trust, take its to be a book in the main, concealed draw together has byelaw, analyse poor parent, zheng Xuan notes a book, often bring think card; If do not believe its to say, dim do not know 1.1 picture, have He Yiyan. Have He Yiyan..
     
    Phonic demit piece the 18th
     
    Southern natural environment and soft, its sound Qing Dynasty is lifted and cut visit, break in superficial, its demit is much more vulgally; Northward mountains and rivers-land is deep, its sound heavy chaotic and change blunt, its pledge is straight, its demit much archaism. Like that coronet gentleman, south is actor; Lilliputian nativing village, north is more. Be taken easily and talk to it, necromancer ofs or by the concubine south, several character but argue; Lie between wall and hear its set phrase, northward the government and the public, divide hard all day. And south catch Wu Yue, captive of boreal miscellaneous exterminate, all have deep disadvantage, cannot provide theory...
     
    "Just " person, the man's good name. Ancient books much make use of is " father " word, boreal person breathes out without one person then for " just " person, also not analogy. Provide intermediate, Fan Zengzhi number only, must read ear according to the word.
     
    "Unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease " person, uncertain word. " Zun Chuan " say: "Do not know a day abandon Lu Xie? Is curb Lu Jun guilty at evil of ghosts and gods? " " village " the cloud: "Tian Xie? Ground evil? " " Chinese book " the cloud: "Be unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease? Blame evil? " and so on is also. And boreal person breathes out namely for " also " , also be by accident. Difficult person say: "" copulative " the cloud: ' heaven and earth, " easy " portal evil? ' is this uncertain demit again? " answer: "He Wei not Er, on first mark asks, heart of lower part row the ear with folding. Heart of lower part row the ear with folding..
     
    The ancients cloud: "Fat meat and fine grain is rectified hard. " it is arrogant excessive with its self-sufficient, cannot overcome encourage also. I sees emir relatives of a king or emperor on the side of his mother or wife, language is much more frame-up, also by inside catch cheap to protect teach, ...
     
    Miscellaneous art piece the 19th
     
    Really cursive mark, small beard is advertent. Cloud of Changjiang Delta adage: "Correspondence book is scanty, appearance of a thousand li also " common of Cheng Jinsong Yu, of thing of get along with, reason is not had helter-skelter person. I young bear door course of study, add sexual love to weigh, what see calligraphy also much, and time enjoying exercise comes quite, then cannot beautiful person, fine by the reason that do not have cent also. However this art had not needed spirit. The husband is artful person fatigue and wisdom person care, often be person place work, more become aware for tired. Give up of involuntary discharge of urine of Wei Zhong general, have greatly with also.
     
    Wang Yi is little tasteful ability person, xiao San celebrity, all over the world knows its book only, break up with can from my also. Xiao Ziyun every sigh: "I is written " Qi Shu " , strap into one allusion, article great justice, call oneself considerable, get a name with handwriting only, yi Yi thing also. " Tsinghua of stomach of Wang Bao ground, scholarship Chou Min, hind although enter,close, also by courteous reception, still be versed in with the book, between < of rugged an upright stone tablet, the battle of painstaking pen inkstone, taste compunction to say: "I does not know in case book, can you come now unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease? " watch with this, careful not with book consider oneself. Although, the person of numerous, with can the book unplugs the person that pull out is much. Reason " the method is different do not be seek " also.
     
    Since dissipation of cabinet of secret of bridge family name, I sees 2 king true grass is much, 10 are tasted in the home, house, Ruan makes square hidden from view knowing contented Zhu Shu of wine of hold a memorial ceremony for of city, desolate, there's no one who doesn't or isn't gets the system of Xi, reason is the origin of the book. Place of desolate integrity in one's old age changes,
     
    Since Jin Song, much can book person, reason meantime common, give catch still, all ministries cloth slip-case for a book, model considerable, not without common word, blame for big damage. To Liang Tian between inspect, si Feng did not change. The end of Great Harmony, bluff is replaced cause, xiao Ziyun changes easy style, shao hill king issues for enforcement bogus word, the government and the public amiables and compliant like that, think model type, picture tiger won'ts do, many injury is defeated. To for one word, see several a little bit only, or absurd consider, chase transfer. Thereafter graveyard book, cannot look slightly. The Yu that the Northern Dynasties disturbances, book slash superficial, try to always only word-formation, numerous clumsy very south Wu Jiang, therefore with " 100 " " read aloud " for " care " , "Character " " instead " for " change " , "Not " " with " for " stop " , "Chase after " " come " for " return " , " " more " " unripe " for " revive " , "First " " person " for " old " , such blame one, all over full classics. Only be subordinate to of Wu Jie of work of Yao Yuan sign, take care elementary school, of division of have a youthful look person numerous, end of berth Yu Qi, secretary write out, virtuous at much former days.
     
    Changjiang Delta natives village have " the ode that draw a book " , it is Tao Yin to reside place of child forest Taoism priest to be. Its person not very literacy, it is course criterion gently, ask rare division, send a letter after the flesh, have a youthful look very by accident also.
     
    Draw the labour of draw, also had better, since ancient times Mingshi, much or can. I is tasted hand of Liang Yuan emperor draws cicada sparrow white circular fan and Ma Tu, also reach hard also. Fierce intense prince slants can photo, sit distinguished guest guest, along with appropriate add details to a painting, become several people namely, in order to ask Tong Ru, all know a full name. Xiao Ben, Liu Xiaoxian, Liu is clever, and literature already outside, answer beautiful this law. Play read Gu Jin, special Ke Baoai. If the official was not connected,show, every by state-private make make, also be firm service. Hunan of one's previous experience of prefectural Gu Shiduan east kingdom needs man, jail of punishment of the government office austral the town is after join the army, have child say front courtyard, chao Zhongshu abandons a person on the west, father and son has musical instrument, book art, especially fine painting, constant by yuan place of the Supreme Being makes, every conceive be ashamed hate. Peng city Liu Yue, of bursa child also, be an official rides government office canal to write down to fast, county of smooth family name makes, scholarship is fast person, and picture unsurpassed. Sui Wuling king enters Sichuan after, fall to be defeated firmly, draw a river temple wall for Liu Hujun then, as miscellaneous as all fine place. To make 3 virtuous not Xiao Hua, course of study of straight carry element, see this humiliation?
     
    The benefit of Gu arrow, with power the world, first Wang Suo in order to show De Zexian, also the urgent task of aid body also. Changjiang Delta calls to often be shot of the world, think " arms shoot " , coronet Confucian scholar, do not review more this. Do not have " rich is shot " , weak Gong Changjian, of Shi Wuzhun, bow with hands clasped to let rise fall, in order to salute Yan, defence enemy is bad, the beneficial that do not have place, after be separated by war, this art dies then. Heibei article person, rate dawn " arms shoot " , be not straight arrowroot Hong Yijian, already Jie Zhuibing, 39 banquets collect, constant Mirong is granted. Although, want small birds, cut crafty animal, do not wish your generation does it.
     
    Also be mathematically 6 art want a job. Since ancient times Confucianism person the path that talk a day. Mensurable all previous person, of Zhi Xuetong. Can hold concurrently like that bright, not OK and professional. This learns Changjiang Delta different is little, only of essence of Fanyang ancestor constant, to Nakang viceregal. Heibei is much later this art.
     
    Thing of cure Fang Zhi, take extremely clever difficult, do not persuade you ever with consider oneself also. Small antidote sex, xiaohe and close, house home be able to help sb to deal with an emergency, yi Weisheng thing, zhong Kanze of Huang Fumi, abundant its person also.
     
    " ceremony " say: "Gentleman without reason not a twenty-five-stringed plucked instrument of thorough musical instrument. " Mingshi of since time immemorial, much place is liked. At the beginning of Ji Yu Liang, descendants of clothes and hat, the person that do not know musical instrument, date faults somewhat. Great Harmony with end, si Feng pauses. However this tone sound is refined, have deep taste! This age is misinterpret, although change Yu Gu, still enough free expression also. Cannot make have praise only, see battle merit is expensive, sit under place, in order to take the disgrace of incomplete cup cold broil. Dai An path still meets with, besides you people!
     
    Make eventually piece the 20th
     
    The dead, constant cent of the person, cannot avoid also. I year 19, the home that be worth bridge disturbances, meantime and naked sword associate with person, also invariable generation, xing Chengyu blessing, come Wu Jin. The ancients cloud: "50 do not be die young. " I already 60 Yu, reason heart calm, do not be with the last days of life read aloud. Have the difficulty of the ethos first, constant doubt covers like that, liao Shusu is conceived, think your commandment.
     
    Xianjun first the madam still all did not build Ye old hill, brigade bury Jiang Lingdong Guo. Cheng Shengmo, already opened demand raise, desire battalion change dimple, meng Zhao grants silver 102, already baked bricks at ground of north of Yangzhou little suburb. Be worth Ben Chaolun to do not have, flow from such. Tens of year, absolutely Wu Hai looks. Today although mix one, strong and pervasive fragrance of family financial situation is poor, does He You do this to act according to battalion endowment to expend? And raise corrupt destroy, without answer involuntary discharge of urine, still be issued wet, not was succeed in one's scheme. The blame oneself is self-condemned, heart of be linked together engraves pith.
     
    The bury of Confucius is close also, the cloud: "Ancient person grave and not graveyard, the person of grave thing north and south also, cannot know in order to not also. " at it is Feng Zhichong 4 feet. Gentleman ining that case answer world trade, also have do not defend graveyard when, besides place of the time that it is a thing forces also. I bridles today brigade, be like cloud drift personally, unexpectedly sealed He Xiang is my bury ground, should enrage the ear that buries absolutely only. Ru Caoyi in order to conduct course of study famous for Wu, cannot visit the area that love decayed, in order to take annihilation also.
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