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乐论篇第二十_荀子

章节: 乐论篇第二十
书名: 荀子
类目: 子部
原作者:
朝代:
写作年代: 约公元前188年  至  公元后222年
视频: 乐论篇第二十_荀子
音频: 乐论篇第二十_荀子
新国学:
夫乐者、乐也,人情之所必不免也。故人不能无乐,乐则必发于声音,形于动静;而人之道,声音动静,性术之变尽是矣。故人不能不乐,乐则不能无形,形而不为道,则不能无乱。先王恶其乱也,故制雅颂之声以道之,使其声足以乐而不流,使其文足以辨而不諰,使其曲直繁省廉肉节奏,足以感动人之善心,使夫邪污之气无由得接焉。是先王立乐之方也,而墨子非之奈何!
 
  故乐在宗庙之中,君臣上下同听之,则莫不和敬;闺门之内,父子兄弟同听之,则莫不和亲;乡里族长之中,长少同听之,则莫不和顺。故乐者审一以定和者也,比物以饰节者也,合奏以成文者也;足以率一道,足以治万变。是先王立乐之术也,而墨子非之奈何!
 
  故听其雅颂之声,而志意得广焉;执其干戚,习其俯仰屈伸,而容貌得庄焉;行其缀兆,要其节奏,而行列得正焉,进退得齐焉。故乐者、出所以征诛也,入所以揖让也;征诛揖让,其义一也。出所以征诛,则莫不听从;入所以揖让,则莫不从服。故乐者、天下之大齐也,中和之纪也,人情之所必不免也。是先王立乐之术也,而墨子非之奈何!
 
  且乐者、先王之所以饰喜也;军旅鈇钺者,先王之所以饰怒也。先王喜怒皆得其齐焉。是故喜而天下和之,怒而暴乱畏之。先王之道,礼乐正其盛者也。而墨子非之。故曰:墨子之于道也,犹瞽之于白黑也,犹聋之于清浊也,犹欲之楚而北求之也。
 
  夫声乐之入人也深,其化人也速,故先王谨为之文。乐中平则民和而不流,乐肃庄则民齐而不乱。民和齐则兵劲城固,敌国不敢婴也。如是,则百姓莫不安其处,乐其乡,以至足其上矣。然后名声于是白,光辉于是大,四海之民莫不愿得以为师,是王者之始也。乐姚冶以险,则民流僈鄙贱矣;流僈则乱,鄙贱则争;乱争则兵弱城犯,敌国危之如是,则百姓不安其处,不乐其乡,不足其上矣。故礼乐废而邪音起者,危削侮辱之本也。故先王贵礼乐而贱邪音。其在序官也,曰:“修宪命,审诗商,禁淫声,以时顺修,使夷俗邪音不敢乱雅,太师之事也。”
 
  墨子曰:“乐者、圣王之所非也,而儒者为之过也。”君子以为不然。乐者,圣王之所乐也,而可以善民心,其感人深,其移风易俗。故先王导之以礼乐,而民和睦。夫民有好恶之情,而无喜怒之应则乱;先王恶其乱也,故修其行,正其乐,而天下顺焉。故齐衰之服,哭泣之声,使人之心悲。带甲婴胄,歌于行伍,使人之心伤;姚冶之容,郑卫之音,使人之心淫;绅、端、章甫,舞韶歌武,使人之心庄。故君子耳不听淫声,目不视邪色,口不出恶言,此三者,君子慎之。
 
  凡奸声感人而逆气应之,逆气成象而乱生焉;正声感人而顺气应之,顺气成象而治生焉。唱和有应,善恶相象,故君子慎其所去就也。君子以钟鼓道志,以琴瑟乐心;动以干戚,饰以羽旄,从以磬管。故其清明象天,其广大象地,其俯仰周旋有似于四时。故乐行而志清,礼修而行成,耳目聪明,血气和平,移风易俗,天下皆宁,美善相乐。故曰:乐者、乐也。君子乐得其道,小人乐得其欲;以道制欲,则乐而不乱;以欲忘道,则惑而不乐。故乐者,所以道乐也,金石丝竹,所以道德也;乐行而民乡方矣。故乐也者,治人之盛者也,而墨子非之。
 
  且乐也者,和之不可变者也;礼也者,理之不可易者也。乐合同,礼别异,礼乐之统,管乎人心矣。穷本极变,乐之情也;着诚去伪,礼之经也。墨子非之,几遇刑也。明王已没,莫之正也。愚者学之,危其身也。君子明乐,乃其德也。乱世恶善,不此听也。于乎哀哉!不得成也。弟子勉学,无所营也。
 
  声乐之象:鼓大丽,钟统实,磬廉制,竽笙箫和,筦钥发猛,埙篪翁博,瑟易良,琴妇好,歌清尽,舞意天道兼。鼓其乐之君邪。故鼓似天,钟似地,磬似水,竽笙箫和筦钥,似星辰日月,鼗柷、拊鞷、椌楬似万物。曷以知舞之意?曰:目不自见,耳不自闻也,然而治俯仰、诎信、进退、迟速,莫不廉制,尽筋骨之力,以要钟鼓俯会之节,而靡有悖逆者,众积意謘謘乎!
 
  吾观于乡,而知王道之易易也。主人亲速宾及介,而众宾皆从之。至于门外,主人拜宾及介,而众宾皆入;贵贱之义别矣。三揖至于阶,三让以宾升。拜至、献、酬,辞让之节繁,及介省矣。至于众宾,升受、坐祭、立饮,不酢而降;隆杀之义辨矣。工入,升歌三终,主人献之;笙入三终,主人献之;间歌三终,合乐三终,工告乐备,遂出。二人扬觯,乃立司正,焉知其能和乐而不流也。宾酬主人,主人酬介,介酬众宾,少长以齿,终于沃洗者,焉知其能弟长而无遗也。降,说屦升坐,修爵无数。饮酒之节,朝不废朝,莫不废夕。宾出,主人拜送,节文终遂,焉知其能安燕而不乱也。贵贱明,隆杀辨,和乐而不流,弟长而无遗,安燕而不乱,此五行者,足以正身安国矣。彼国安而天下安。故曰:吾观于乡,而知王道之易易也。
 
  乱世之征:其服组,其容妇。其俗淫,其志利,其行杂,其声乐险,其文章匿而采,其养生无度,其送死瘠墨,贱礼义而贵勇力,贫则为盗,富则为贼;治世反是也。

  • New Sinology Title:
    Happy talk a Xun Zi of the 20th _

    New Sinology Chapter:
    Happy theory piece the 20th

    New Sinology BookName:
    Xun Zi

    New Sinology Catalog:
    Child ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    The husband is happy person, happy also, the place of favor needs unavoidable also. Old friend cannot be not had happy, happy send surely at sound, form at activity; And the person's path, sound movement, of sexual art changing is full of. Old friend have to happy, happy criterion cannot aeriform, form and do not be, cannot not have chaos. First king is evil its are random also, the reputation that reason makes elegant song with, make its sound enough is happy and do not flow, make differentiate of its article enough and not Zheng , make its right and wrong numerous rhythm of the flesh that save cheap, enough touchs the person's benevolence, make husband evil corrupt gas nots be in a position to do sth so that receive Yan. Be first Wangli Le Zhifang also, and Mo Zifei's how!
     
    Reason is happy in ancestral temple, the similarly hereinafter on Jun Chen listens, not be on bad terms respect; In boudoir door, brother of father and son listens together, not be on bad terms close; Home village or town is patriarchal in, grow to listen less together, not be on bad terms suitable. Reason is happy person the person that careful is mixed with deciding also, than content in order to act the role of a section person also, concert with existing writings person also; Enough leads a, enough is treated 10 thousand change. Be first Wang Lile's art also, and Mo Zifei's how!
     
    Reason listens its are elegant the sound of eulogy, and annals meaning gets wide Yan; Hold its do relative, review its a simple move or action is bent extend, and appearance gets Zhuang Yan; Row its compose million, want its rhythm, and cavalcade is gotten Yan, advance and retreat gets Qi Yan. Reason is happy person, go out to ask for kill so also, into bow with hands clasped to so let also; Ask for kill to bow with hands clasped to let, its justice one also. Go out to ask for kill so, criterion there's no one who doesn't or isn't complies with; Into bow with hands clasped to so let, criterion there's no one who doesn't or isn't from take. Reason is happy person, the big Qi Ye of the world, neutralization discipline also, the place of favor needs unavoidable also. Be first Wang Lile's art also, and Mo Zifei's how!
     
    And happy person, first Wang Zhi is acted the role of so happy event also; Tomahawk of army brigade Zuo person, first Wang Zhi is acted the role of so anger also. First Wang Xinu all gets its Qi Yan. Hereat is fond of and the world mixes, of angry and tempestuous Wei. First the path of king, the person that ceremony Le Zhengji is filled also. And of Mo Zifei. Friend says: Mo Zizhi at also, the Yu Bai that still blinds is black also, still deaf Yu Qing chaotic also, you Yuzhi Hunan and north begs also.
     
    Of husband vocal music join a person deep also, its turn a person also fast, reason first Wang Jin does it civil. Happy in Ping Zemin is mixed and do not flow, happy respectful Zhuang Zemin is neat and not random. Civilian with Qi Zebing sturdy wall originallies, enemy state not dare baby also. So, criterion common people there's no one who doesn't or isn't installs his to be in, happy its countryside, down to is sufficient its go up. Next fame then white, brightness then big, of the four seas civilian there's no one who doesn't or isn't wishs to be able to be division, be Wang Zhe only then also. Le Yaoye with danger, criterion civilian cheap of low drifting ; Shed criterion chaos, low cheap is contended for; Contend for an arms weak city to make in disorder, enemy state highs so, criterion its are in common people uneasiness, not happy its countryside, be not worth its to go up. Reason ceremony is happy abandon and the person that sound of unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease rises, danger cuts affront this also. Reason Xian Wanggui ceremony is happy and cheap evil sound. Its are in foreword official also, say: "Write constitution lot, careful poem business, ban excessive sound, with Shi Shunxiu, make smooth common evil sound not dare chaos is elegant, too the thing of division also. Too the thing of division also..
     
    Mo Zi says: "Happy person, what Wang Zhi is not emperor also, and Confucianism person had done it also. " gentleman thinks otherwise. Happy person, the place of holy king is happy also, and can common feelings of people of be apt to, its are touching deep, its transform social traditions. Reason first of Wang Dao happy with the ceremony, and civilian harmonious. Husband civilian has the feeling of likes and dislikes, and do not have happy anger should random; First king is evil its are random also, reason repairs his to go, its are happy, and the world arranges Yan. Reason declines together take, crying sound, make heart Bei of the person. Take armour baby helmet, song at the ranks, make the person's heart is hurt; Yao Ye's look, zheng Wei Zhiyin, make heart excessive of the person; Gentry, end, chapter justs, wu Shaoge fierce, make heart village of the person. Reason gentleman ear does not listen excessive sound, eye does not look look of unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease, the mouth does not go out invective, this 3 person, gentleman Shen Zhi.
     
    Every evil sound is touching and go against gas to answer, counter gas formation of image and give birth to Yan in disorder; sound is touching and arrange gas to answer, arrange gas formation of a imagine and treat unripe Yan. Responsory has should, good and evil is alike, reason gentleman careful its are gone to also. Gentleman beats mark with the bell, with happy heart of musical instrument a twenty-five-stringed plucked instrument; Move in order to do relative, act the role of with feather Mao, cong Yiqing is in charge of. Its Pure Brightness resembles reason day, its are wide elephant ground, deal with of its a simple move or action has be like at the four seasons. Reason is happy go and sign is clear, the ceremony is repaired and go into, information is clever, peace of courage and uprightness, transform social traditions, the world is all peaceful, look of beautiful be apt to is happy. Friend says: Happy person, happy also. Gentleman readily take the opportunity to its, lilliputian readily take the opportunity to its desire; Make in order to desire, happy and not random; With be about to forget, criterion be puzzled and not happy. Reason is happy person, the path is so happy also, inscriptions traditional stringed and woodwind instrument, so morality also; Happy go and civilian countryside square. Reason is happy also person, the fill person that treats a person also, and of Mo Zifei.
     
    And happy also person, the mixed person that cannot change also; Ceremony also person, of manage cannot easy person also. Happy contract, the ceremony fastens different, the gather into one with happy ceremony, canal popular feeling. Poor this extremely change, happy situation also; Move sincere go bogus, the classics of the ceremony also. Of Mo Zifei, a few receive punishment also. Bright Wang Yi is done not have, mo Zhizheng also. I person learn, danger its body also. Gentleman bright happy, naijide also. Troubled times evil be apt to, not this listens also. At Ai Zai! Must not become also. Child exert oneself learns, the battalion that do not have place also.
     
    The elephant of vocal music: Gu Dali, zhong Tong is solid, chime stone cheap is made, xiao of sheng of an ancient wind instrument and, Geng key hair is fierce, weng Bo of Chi of an ancient egg-shaped, easy fine of a twenty-five-stringed plucked instrument, musical instrument Fu is good, song Qing Dynasty is used up, channel of dance idea overhead holds concurrently. Rouse its happy Jun Xie. Reason beat seems a day, the bell is like the ground, chime stone is like water, xiao of sheng of an ancient wind instrument and Geng key, seem stars life, tao , clap of Zuo , is like everythings on earth. How in order to know the meaning of dance? Say: Eye does not see oneself, ear is not heard oneself also, treat a simple move or action, Qu however letter, advance and retreat, late fast, cheap of there's no one who doesn't or isn't is made, exhaust the power of bones and muscles, rouse the red-letter day that Fu meets in order to want a clock, numerous accumulate meaning Zheng Zheng !
     
    My view at countryside, and the Yi Yi that knows kingly way also. Host kisses fast guest and interpose, and numerous guest all from. As to the door outside, master Bai Bin reachs interpose, and numerous guest all is entered; Of gentle and simple justice fasten. 3 bow with hands clasped to as to rank, 3 let rise with guest. Do obeisance to to, display, fulfil, the section of politely decline is numerous, the province that reach interpose. As to numerous guest, litre suffer, sit hold a memorial ceremony for, establish drink, not vinegar and fall; The justice differentiate that grand kills. Be versed in, rise a song 3 eventually, host displays; Sheng is entered 3 eventually, host displays; Song 3 eventually, close happy 3 eventually, labour accuses happy equipment, go out then. An ancient drinking vessel of 2 people raise, establish department therefore, its can mix Yan Zhi happy and do not flow also. Guest fulfil is master, master fulfil uprights, interpose fulfil numerous guest, grow less in order to age, eventually fertile the person that wash, yan knows his to younger brother grows and can not have involuntary discharge of urine also. Fall, say Ju rises sit, long the rank of nobility countless. Drinking section, face does not waste day, there's no one who doesn't or isn't abandons evening. Guest goes out, host is done obeisance to send, section article is satisfied eventually, yan knows its can install swallow and not random also. Gentle and simple bright, grand kills differentiate, and happy and do not flow, younger brother grows and do not have involuntary discharge of urine, install swallow and not random, this the five elements person, enough is bringing a country personally. Those country is installed and the world is installed. Friend says: My view at countryside, and the Yi Yi that knows kingly way also.
     
    Of troubled times proof: Its are taken group, its allow Fu. Its common excessive, its annals benefit, its travel is miscellaneous, danger of its vocal music, its article conceal and collect, its preserve one's health is excessive, chinese ink of barren of its court death, cheap ceremony justice and Gui Yong force, deficient is pilfer, rich it is a thief; Times of peace and prosperity is instead also.
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