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臣道篇第十三_荀子

章节: 臣道篇第十三
书名: 荀子
类目: 子部
原作者:
朝代:
写作年代: 约公元前-129年  至  公元后479年
视频: 臣道篇第十三_荀子
音频: 臣道篇第十三_荀子
新国学:
  人臣之论:有态臣者,有篡臣者,有功臣者,有圣臣者。--内不足使一民,外不足使距难,百姓不亲,诸侯不信;然而巧敏佞说,善取宠乎上,是态臣者也。上不忠乎君,下善取誉乎民,不恤公道通义,朋党比周,以环主图私为务,是篡臣者也。内足使以一民,外足使以距难,民亲之,士信之,上忠乎君,下爱百姓而不倦,是功臣者也。上则能尊君,下则能爱民,政令教化,刑下如影,应卒遇变,齐给如响,推类接誉,以待无方,曲成制象,是圣臣者也。故用圣臣者王,用功臣者强,用篡臣者危,用态臣者亡。态臣用则必死,篡臣用则必危,功臣用则必荣,圣臣用则必尊。故齐之苏秦,楚之州侯,秦之张仪,可谓态臣者也。韩之张去疾,赵之奉阳,齐之孟尝,可谓篡臣也。齐之管仲,晋之咎犯,楚之孙叔敖,可谓功臣矣。殷之伊尹,周之太公,可谓圣臣矣。--是人臣之论也,吉凶贤不肖之极也。必谨志之!而慎自为择取焉,足以稽矣。

 
  从命而利君谓之顺,从命而不利君谓之谄;逆命而利君谓之忠,逆命而不利君谓之篡;不恤君之荣辱,不恤国之臧否,偷合苟容以持禄养交而已耳,谓之国贼。君有过谋过事,将危国家陨社稷之惧也;大臣父兄,有能进言于君,用则可,不用则去,谓之谏;有能进言于君,用则可,不用则死,谓之争;有能比知同力,率群臣百吏而相与强君挢君,君虽不安,不能不听,遂以解国之大患,除国之大害,成于尊君安国,谓之辅;有能抗君之命,窃君之重,反君之事,以安国之危,除君之辱,功伐足以成国之大利,谓之拂。故谏争辅拂之人,社稷之臣也,国君之宝也,明君之所尊厚也,而闇主惑君以为己贼也。故明君之所赏,闇君之所罚也;闇君之所赏,明君之所杀也。伊尹箕子可谓谏矣,比干子胥可谓争矣,平原君之于赵可谓辅矣,信陵君之于魏可谓拂矣。传曰:“从道不从君。”此之谓也。故正义之臣设,则朝廷不颇;谏争辅拂之人信,则君过不远;爪牙之士施,则仇雠不作;边境之臣处,则疆垂不丧,故明主好同而闇主好独,明主尚贤使能而飨其盛,闇主妒贤畏能而灭其功,罚其忠,赏其贼,夫是之谓至闇,桀纣所以灭也。
 
  事圣君者,有听从无谏争;事中君者,有谏争无谄谀;事暴君者,有补削无挢拂。迫胁于乱时,穷居于暴国,而无所避之,则崇其美,扬其善,违其恶,隐其败,言其所长,不称其所短,以为成俗。诗曰:“国有大命,不可以告人,妨其躬身。”此之谓也。
 
  恭敬而逊,听从而敏,不敢有以私决择也,不敢有以私取与也,以顺上为志,是事圣君之义也。忠信而不谀,谏争而不谄,挢然刚折端志而无倾侧之心,是案曰是,非案曰非,是事中君之义也。调而不流,柔而不屈,宽容而不乱,晓然以至道而无不调和也,而能化易,时关内之,是事暴君之义也。若驭朴马,若养赤子,若食餧人。故因其惧也而改其过,因其忧也而辨其故,因其喜也而入其道,因其怒也而除其怨,曲得所谓焉。书曰:“从命而不拂,微谏而不倦,为上则明,为下则逊。”此之谓也。
 
  事人而不顺者,不疾者也;疾而不顺者,不敬者也;敬而不顺者,不忠者也;忠而不顺者,无功者也;有功而不顺者,无德者也。故无德之为道也,伤疾、堕功、灭苦,故君子不为也。
 
  有大忠者,有次忠者,有下忠者,有国贼者:以德覆君而化之,大忠也;以德调君而辅之,次忠也;以是谏非而怒之,下忠也;不恤君之荣辱,不恤国之臧否,偷合苟容以持禄养交而已耳,国贼也。若周公之于成王也,可谓大忠矣;若管仲之于桓公,可谓次忠矣;若子胥之于夫差,可谓下忠矣;若曹触龙之于纣者,可谓国贼矣。
 
  仁者必敬人。凡人非贤,则案不肖也。人贤而不敬,则是禽兽也;人不肖而不敬,则是狎虎也。禽兽则乱,狎虎则危,灾及其身矣。诗曰:“不敢暴虎,不敢冯河。人知其一,莫知其它。战战兢兢--如临深渊,如履薄冰。”此之谓也。故仁者必敬人。敬人有道,贤者则贵而敬之,不肖者则畏而敬之;贤者则亲而敬之,不肖者则疏而敬之。其敬一也,其情二也。若夫忠信端悫,而不害伤,则无接而不然,是仁人之质也。忠信以为质,端悫以为统,礼义以为文,伦类以为理,喘而言,臑而动,而一可以为法则。诗曰:“不僭不贼,鲜不为则。”此之谓也。
 
  恭敬、礼也;调和、乐也;谨慎、利也;斗怒、害也。故君子安礼乐利,谨慎而无斗怒,是以百举而不过也。--小人反是。
 
  通忠之顺,权险之平,祸乱之从声,三者非明主莫之能知也。争然后善,戾然后功,生死无私,致忠而公,夫是之谓通忠之顺,信陵君似之矣。夺然后义,杀然后仁,上下易位然后贞,功参天地,泽被生民,夫是之谓权险之平,汤武是也。过而通情,和而无经,不恤是非,不论曲宜,偷合苟容,迷乱狂生,夫是之谓祸乱之从声,飞廉恶来是也。传曰:“斩而齐,枉而顺,不同而一。”诗曰:“受小球大球,为下国缀旒。”此之谓也。

  • New Sinology Title:
    I a thirteenth _ Xun Zi

    New Sinology Chapter:
    I a thirteenth

    New Sinology BookName:
    Xun Zi

    New Sinology Catalog:
    Child ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    Of person official theory: The person that have state official, the person that have seize official, the person that have a hero, the person that have holy official. - - inside inadequacy makes one civilian, it is difficult that inadequacy makes be apart from outside, common people is not close, vassal do not believe; However artful quick given to flattery says, be apt to is taken bestow favor on on, it is state official person also. Go up disloyal gentleman, next be apt to are taken praise civilian, not compensate justice is connected justice, clique comparing week, with annulus advocate graph illicit is Wu, it is seize official person also. Inside sufficient make with one civilian, outside sufficient make in order to be apart from difficult, civilian close, of person letter, go up faithful gentleman, common people loves below and tireless, it is a hero person also. Go up criterion can honour gentleman, fall to be able to cherish his fellow citizen, government order Jiaohua, the shadow is like below punishment, ying Cu is encountered change, if ring,give together, push kind receive praise, in order to stay not in the proper way, qu Cheng makes an elephant, it is holy official person also. King of the person that reason uses holy official, the person that use a hero is strong, the person that use seize official highs, the person that use state official dies. I use voice to need dead, I use seize to high surely, the hero is used need flourish, I use emperor to need honour. The Su Qin with neat reason, the city Hou of Hunan, the Zhang Yi of the Qin Dynasty, official of state of it may be said person also. The Zhang Quji of Han, zhao Zhi gives this world, qi Zhimeng is tasted, official of seize of it may be said also. Qi Zhi runs second, the blame of advance makes, the Sun Shuao of Hunan, hero of it may be said. Yan Zhiyi Yin, the great-grandfather of week, official of emperor of it may be said. - - be person official theory also, good or ill luck virtuous unworthy extremely also. Surely sincerely of annals! And careful take Yan for choose oneself, enough check.

     
    Obey the order and what Li Jun calls is suitable, obey the order and the flatter that adverse gentleman calls; Disobey an order and Li Jun calls faithful, disobey an order and the seize that adverse gentleman calls; Not the honour or disgrace of compensate gentleman, not of compensate country pass judgment, add up to Gou Rong to be handed in with holding salary to raise secretly just ear, calling country thief. Gentleman has had had planned an issue, the dread the god of the land and the god of the grain-the state of danger country fall from the sky also; Minister father and elder brothers, have can enter Yan Yujun, with criterion but, need not go, calling expostulate with; Have can enter Yan Yujun, with criterion but, need not die, call contend for; Have can be the same as force than knowing, lead group of official 100 official and Jiang Jun of get along with Mr Jiao, although gentleman is disturbed, have to listen, suffer from greatly with Jie Guozhi then, kill what divide a country greatly, bring a country into Yu Zunjun, call complementary; Have the lot that can fight gentleman, steal Jun Zhi to weigh, return gentleman's responsibility, in order to install national danger, divide gentleman's disgrace, enough of result cut down becomes big profit of the country, calling stroke. Reason expostulate with contends for the person of complementary stroke, the official of the god of the land and the god of the grain-the state also, the treasure of monarch also, place honour of Mingjun is thick also, and Zuo advocate be puzzled gentleman thinks personal thief also. What Ming Junzhi admires friend, Zuo Jun Zhi is punished also; Zuo Jun Zhi is admired, ming Junzhi is killed also. It may be said of Yi Yin Jizi remonstrates with, than working child petty official it may be said is contended for, campagna Jun Zhi calls at Zhao Ke complementary, stroke of Yu Wei it may be said. Pass: "From path not Cong Jun. " this call also. The official of reason justice is set, criterion imperial court not quite; Expostulate with contends for the person letter of complementary stroke, criterion gentleman passes not far; Of lackey person apply, criterion enemy Chou is not made; The official of border land is in, criterion border hang down not funeral, reason bright advocate good with Zuo advocate good alone, bright Zhu Shangxian makes can and provide dinner for its are filled, Zuo advocate be jealous of virtuous Wei can and destroy its result, punish its faithful, admire its thief, the husband is call to Zuo , name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant of the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty destroys so also.
     
    Thing emperor gentleman person, have comply with contend for without expostulate with; The gentleman in the thing person, expostulate with is contended for without flatter; Thing oppressor person, have fill cut the stroke that do not have Jiao. Approach coerce at chaos, be on cruel country thoroughly, and avoid without place, esteem its beauty, yang Jishan, violate its evil, its defeat concealed, character its director, asymmetry its place is short, think common. The poem says: "State-owned large order, can not tell a person, hamper its bend forward personally. " this call also.
     
    Deferential and abdicate, comply with and quick, dare not have with illicit definitely choose also, dare not have with illicit take with also, go up in order to arrange for annals, it is thing emperor Jun Zhiyi also. Faithful believe and do not flatter, expostulate with is contended for and not flatter, jiao just broke the heart that carry sign and does not have heel like that, be case saying is, blame record says blame, it is the Jun Zhiyi in the thing also. Move and do not flow, soft and castiron, good-tempered and not random, xiao Ran down to and all without exception mediates also, and can change easy, when of inside Shanghaiguan, be thing oppressor justice also. The Piao Ma that be like drive, if raise a newborn baby, if feed Zuo person. Reason because its dread also and change its to pass, because of its care also and differentiate its reason, because its are fond of also and into its, because its are angry also and complain except its, music gets alleged Yan. The book says: "Obey the order and not stroke, small remonstrate with and tireless, to go up criterion bright, inferior to fall. " this call also.
     
    Thing person and the person that do not arrange, not disease person also; Disease and the person that do not arrange, irreverent person also; The person that respect and do not arrange, disloyal person also; Faithful and the person that do not arrange, without result person also; Have rendered great service and the person that do not arrange, without heart person also. Reason is not had of heart it is also, result of injury illness, fall, destroy suffering, reason gentleman is also.
     
    Have big faithful person, have second faithful person, have below faithful person, thief having a state person: Change with De Fujun, big faithful also; With De Diaojun complementary, second faithful also; Be not in order to be expostulate with and angry, below faithful also; Not the honour or disgrace of compensate gentleman, not of compensate country pass judgment, add up to Gou Rong to be handed in with holding salary to raise secretly just ear, country thief also. Those who be like Zhougong at becoming Wang Ye, it may be said is big faithful; The Yu Huan of the intermediate that be like a canal is fair, it may be said second faithful; If child the Yu Fu of all is poor, below it may be said faithful; If Cao touchs Long Zhi at name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant person, thief of country of it may be said.
     
    Benevolence person respect a person surely. Laic blame virtuous, criterion the case is unworthy also. Person virtuous and irreverent, it is birds and beasts also; The person is unworthy and irreverent, it is tiger of be improperly familiar with also. Birds and beasts is random, tiger of be improperly familiar with highs, calamity and its body. The poem says: "Not dare Bao Hu, not dare Feng He. The person knows firstly, not tell other. Gingerly - - if face abyss, on thin ice. " this call also. Reason benevolence person respect a person surely. Respect a person to have, virtuous person expensive and Jing Zhi, the person that unworthy criterion Wei and Jing Zhi; Virtuous person kiss and respect, the person that unworthy is scanty and Jing Zhi. Its are respected one also, its affection 2 also. If faithful letter carries the husband Que, and do not kill, do not have receive and otherwise, be benevolence person is qualitative also. Faithful letter feels qualitative, upright Que thinks all, ceremony justice thinks civil, human relations kind think manage, asthma, Mo and move, and can be law. The poem says: "Do not overstep his authority not thief, delicacy is criterion. " this call also.
     
    Deferential, ceremony also; Harmonic, happy also; Careful, benefit also; Bottle anger, kill also. Reason gentleman brings ceremony happy profit, careful and do not have a bottle of anger, be with 100 lift and do not pass also. - - Lilliputian is instead.
     
    Connect faithful suitable, of authority danger smooth, of disaster chaos from sound, 3 person blame bright advocate Mo Zhi can know also. Contend for next be apt to, crime next result, life and death is altruistic, send faithful and fair, the husband is call faithful suitable, the Jun Shizhi that believe hill. Seize next justice, kill next benevolence, fluctuation is easy next chastity, result ginseng heaven and earth, lustre be given birth to civilian, the husband is call of authority danger smooth, shang Wu is also. Pass and know feeling, mix and do not have classics, not compensate dispute, no matter Qu Yi, add up to Gou Rong secretly, bewilderment is born madly, the husband is call of disaster chaos from sound, flying cheap is evil coming is also. Pass: "Behead and neat, crooked and suitable, different and one. " the poem says: "Get spherule big ball, it is Liu of compose leaving a country. " this call also.
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