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卷二改过之法_了凡四训

春秋诸大夫,见人言动,亿而谈其祸福,靡不验者,《左》《国》诸记可观也。大都吉凶之兆,萌乎心而动乎四体,其过于厚者常获福,过于薄者常近祸,俗眼多翳,谓有未定而不可测者。至诚合天,福之将至,观其善而必先知之矣。祸之将至,观其不善而必先知之矣。今欲获福而远祸,未论行善,先须改过。

 
  但改过者,第一,要发耻心。思古之圣贤,与我同为丈夫,彼何以百世可师?我何以一身瓦裂?耽染尘情,私行不义,谓人不知,傲然无愧,将日沦于禽兽而不自知矣;世之可羞可耻者,莫大乎此。孟子曰:耻之于人大矣。以其得之则圣贤,失之则禽兽耳。此改过之要机也。
 
  第二,要发畏心。天地在上,鬼神难欺,吾虽过在隐微,而天地鬼神,实鉴临之,重则降之百殃,轻则损其现福,吾何可以不惧?不惟此也。闲居之地,指视昭然;吾虽掩之甚密,文之甚巧,而肺肝早露,终难自欺;被人觑破,不值一文矣,乌得不懔懔?不惟是也。一息尚存,弥天之恶,犹可悔改;古人有一生作恶,临死悔悟,发一善念,遂得善终者。谓一念猛厉,足以涤百年之恶也。譬如千年幽谷,一灯才照,则千年之暗俱除;故过不论久近,惟以改为贵。但尘世无常,肉身易殒,一息不属,欲改无由矣。明则千百年担负恶名,虽孝子慈孙,不能洗涤;幽则千百劫沉沦狱报,虽圣贤佛菩萨,不能援引。乌得不畏?
 
  第三,须发勇心。人不改过,多是因循退缩;吾须奋然振作,不用迟疑,不烦等待。小者如芒刺在肉,速与抉剔;大者如毒蛇啮指,速与斩除,无丝毫凝滞,此风雷之所以为益也。
 
  具是三心,则有过斯改,如春冰遇日,何患不消乎?然人之过,有从事上改者,有从理上改者,有从心上改者;工夫不同,效验亦异。
 
  如前日杀生,今戒不杀;前日怒詈,今戒不怒;此就其事而改之者也。强制于外,其难百倍,且病根终在,东灭西生,非究竟廓然之道也。
 
  善改过者,未禁其事,先明其理;如过在杀生,即思曰:上帝好生,物皆恋命,杀彼养己,岂能自安?且彼之杀也,既受屠割,复入鼎镬,种种痛苦,彻入骨髓;己之养也,珍膏罗列,食过即空,疏食菜羹,尽可充腹,何必戕彼之生,损己之福哉?又思血气之属,皆含灵知,既有灵知,皆我一体;纵不能躬修至德,使之尊我亲我,岂可日戕物命,使之仇我憾我于无穷也?一思及此,将有对食痛心,不能下咽者矣。
 
  如前日好怒,必思曰:人有不及,情所宜矜;悖理相干,于我何与?本无可怒者。又思天下无自是之豪杰,亦无尤人之学问;行有不得,皆己之德未修,感未至也。吾悉以自反,则谤毁之来,皆磨炼玉成之地;我将欢然受赐,何怒之有?
 
  又闻谤而不怒,虽谗焰薰天,如举火焚空,终将自息;闻谤而怒,虽巧心力辩,如春蚕作茧,自取缠绵;怒不惟无益,且有害也。其馀种种过恶,皆当据理思之。
 
  此理既明,过将自止。
 
  何谓从心而改?过有千端,惟心所造;吾心不动,过安从生?学者于好色,好名,好货,好怒,种种诸过,不必逐类寻求;但当一心为善,正念现前,邪念自然污染不上。如太阳当空,魍魉潜消,此精一之真传也。过由心造,亦由心改,如斩毒树,直断其根,奚必枝枝而伐,叶叶而摘哉?
 
  大抵最上治心,当下清净;才动即觉,觉之即无;苟未能然,须明理以遣之;又未能然,须随事以禁之;以上事而兼行下功,未为失策。执下而昧上,则拙矣。
 
  顾发愿改过,明须良朋提醒,幽须鬼神证明;一心忏悔,昼夜不懈,经一七,二七,以至一月,二月,三月,必有效验。
 
  或觉心神恬旷;或觉智慧顿开;或处冗沓而触念皆通;或遇怨仇而回嗔作喜;或梦吐黑物;或梦往圣先贤,提携接引;或梦飞步太虚;或梦幢幡宝盖,种种胜事,皆过消罪灭之象也。然不得执此自高,画而不进。
 
  昔蘧伯玉当二十岁时,已觉前日之非而尽改之矣。至二十一岁,乃知前之所改,未尽也;及二十二岁,回视二十一岁,犹在梦中,岁复一岁,递递改之,行年五十,而犹知四十九年之非,古人改过之学如此。
 
  吾辈身为凡流,过恶猬集,而回思往事,常若不见其有过者,心粗而眼翳也。然人之过恶深重者,亦有效验:或心神昏塞,转头即忘;或无事而常烦恼;或见君子而赧然相沮;或闻正论而不乐;或施惠而人反怨;或夜梦颠倒,甚则妄言失志;皆作孽之相也,苟一类此,即须奋发,舍旧图新,幸勿自误。

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    Roll 2 penitentiary law _ Fan Sixun

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    New Sinology BookName:
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    Age all doctors, see person character is moved, 100 million and talk about its misfortune good fortune, blown away by wind not check person, " left " " country " all writing down considerable also. Mostly of good or ill luck, bud heart and move 4 body, its are too thick person Chang Huofu, too thin person constant close disaster, common eye much slight corneal opacity, call have uncertain and the person that cannot measure. Complete sincerity closes a day, of blessing will come, watch its kind and need prophetic. Of disaster will come, watch its not to be pooh-poohed and need prophetic. Be about to win blessing today and far disaster, did not talk do good works, must mend his ways first.

     
    But the person that mend one's ways, the first, want to send shame heart. Consider ancient sages and men of virtue, it is the husband together with me, those why 100 worlds but master? I why is a suit tile cracked? Delay catchs dirt affection, illicit travel is disloyal, call the person does not know, loftily feel no regret, animal of day fall Yu Qin do not know oneself; Of the world but be ashamed is disgraceful person, greatest this. The Mencius says: Of shame at National People's Congress. With a sages and men of virtue that its get, an ear of birds and beasts that break. This mends this ways want machine also.
     
    The 2nd, want to send Wei heart. Heaven and earth is in on, difficult bully of ghosts and gods, although I is in too concealed is small, and ghosts and gods of heaven and earth, real object lesson faces, weigh the disaster that falls, light its show a decrease blessing, I why need not dread? Not only this also. The ground of stay at home idle, point to inspect clear; I although of attack by surprise very close, wen Zhi is very artful, and lobar liver is shown early, eventually difficult self-deceiving; Be defeated by person gaze, not worth one article, is black gotten not Lin Lin? Notting only is also. So long as one still has a breath left, mi Tianzhi is evil, still all right and repentant; The ancients has lifetime do evil, on one's deathbed is penitent, send one be apt to to read aloud, satisfy the person that get die a natural death. Call to read aloud fierce severe, enough washs of hundred years evil also. Glen of for example chiliad, one lamp just is illuminated, criterion the dark all of chiliad is divided; Reason passes no matter long close, alone with instead expensive. Dan Chen life is variable, fleshy body easy die, one breath is not belonged to, be about to change not be in a position to do sth. Bright loaded notoriety 100000, although the dutiful son mothers grandson, cannot catharsis; Deep and remote criterion 100 thousand disaster sink into jail newspaper, although Bodhisattva of Buddha of sages and men of virtue, cannot cite. Is black gotten not Wei?
     
    The 3rd, heart of brave of beard and hair. The person does not mend his ways, it is follow shrinks back more; My beards act vigorously like that display vigour, need not hesitate, not irritated await. Small person the thorn that be like awn is in the flesh, fast with pick out get rid of; Big person like serpent to bite points to, fast divide with behead, without a bit move sluggishly, this tempest is beneficial also.
     
    Providing is 3 hearts, had had this change, if Chun Bing meets day, why to suffer from not disappear? Like that of the person over- , have be engaged in going up the person that change, have the person that change from manage, have the person that change from the heart; Time is different, desired effect Yi Yi.
     
    If eve is killed,be born, today Buddhist monastic discipline is not killed; Eve angry Li, today Buddhist monastic discipline is not angry; This changes with respect to its thing person also. Compulsive at outside, its are difficult hundredfold, and the root cause of illness or trouble is in eventually, destroy be born on the west east,
     
    The person that be apt to mends his ways, did not bear its responsibility, first bright its manage; If be being killed too,be born, think of namely: Sacred exceedingly, content all loves a life, kill those to raise oneself, is how could installed oneself? And of those kill also, suffer massacre to cut already, answer the Huo that enter a vessel, a variety of anguish, thorough enters marrow; Of oneself raise also, precious creams enumerate, had fed namely empty, the scanty a thick soup that eat food, fill a stomach, why of kill those unripe, caustic personal Fu Zai? Think of courage and uprightness again belong to, all contain clever know, have already clever know, all my an organic whole; Vertical cannot bend forward Xiu Zhide, make honour I kiss me, but life of day kill substance, made enemy my regret me at boundless also? Think of reach this, will have distressed to feeding, the person that cannot issue pharynx.
     
    If the day before yesterday is good angry, think of surely: The person has not as good as, affection place appropriate pity; Absurdity be concerned with, at my why and? This notting have but anger person. Think of the world not to have the hero of naturally again, also do not have Youren's knowledge; Have all right must not, all personal De Weixiu, feeling did not come also. My all with be being turned over oneself, slander destroy come, all the ground of training kindly help secure the success of something; My general suffers happily like that grant, does He Nuzhi have?
     
    Hear again slander and not angry, although slander blaze as kind of sweet grass day, if light a fire,burn empty, will cease oneself eventually; Hear slander and anger, although argue of artful mental efforts, be like spring silkworm spin, take lingering oneself; Anger it is profitless to not only, and harmful also. Its Yu a variety of crossing evil, all become what think of according to manage.
     
    This manage already bright, will stop oneself too.
     
    What is meant by change from the heart? Have 1000 end too, alone heart institute is built; My hearts are not moved, cross An Congsheng? Scholar at randy, good name, good money, very angry, a variety of all crossing, need not chase kind seek; But it is be apt to when of one mind, reading aloud before showing, nature does not pollute evil thought to go up. Be like sun high above in the sky, demons and monsters goes disappear, this essence is passed really also. Build by the heart too, also change by the heart, if behead poison is cultivated, break its root continuously, xi Bizhi branch and cut down, foliaceous Xie Erzhai?
     
    In the main most on treat a heart, instantly is kosher; Just move become aware namely, become aware do not have namely; Careless fails like that, the beard is reasonable with dispatch; Fail again like that, must follow an issue with banning; Above thing and hold the result below travel concurrently, not was impolitic. Hold fall and on be ignorant of, criterion clumsy.
     
    Gu Fayuan mends his ways, ming Xuliang friend reminds, ghosts and gods of deep and remote beard proves; Of one mind repents, day and night is indefatigable, via 17, 27, down to in January, feburary, march, have desired effect surely.
     
    Or become aware mind quiets free from worries; Or become aware wisdom pauses; Or place busyness crowded and touch read aloud to all be connected; Or encounter complain enemy and answer be angry to make happy event; Or the dream says black thing; Or the dream is gone to holy wise man, guide and support is guided; Or great void of dream flying pace; Or dream lid of treasure of long narrow flag, a variety of success thing, the elephant that all crosses disappear blame to destroy also. Do not get like that hold this from tall, draw and do not enter.
     
    Bai Yu of former times Qu is become when 20 years old, already became aware of eve be not and all change. To 21 years old, the place before knowing therefore changes, did not use up also; Reach 22 years old, time inspect 21 years old, still be in the dream, year old answer a year old, give give change, row year 50, and the blame that still knows 49 years, the ancients mends his ways learn such.
     
    My generation flow as every, spend evil hedgehog part, and time consider the past event, chang Re does not see its have the person that pass, the heart is thick and eye slight corneal opacity also. Like that of the person too evil very grave person, also have desired effect: Or mind faints a place of strategic importance, turn the head forgets namely; Or do not have a thing and often trouble; Or see a man of noble character and blushing to stop; Or Wenzheng is talked and not happy; Or use benefit and the person is complained instead; Or nocturnal dream is conversed, very criterion absurd character misses mark; All the photograph of commit a sin also, gou Yi kind this, must exert oneself namely, abandon old plan new, favour not from by accident.
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