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卷一 立命之学_了凡四训

  余童年丧父,老母命弃举业学医,谓可以养生,可以济人,且习一艺以成名,尔父夙心也。后余在慈云寺,遇一老者,修髯伟貌,飘飘若仙,余敬礼之。语余曰:「子仕路中人也」

 
  余告以故,并叩老者姓氏里居。
 
  曰:「吾姓孔,云南人也。得邵子皇极数正传,数该传汝。」
 
  余引之归,告母。
 
  母曰:「善待之。」
 
  试其数,纤悉皆验。余遂启读书之念,谋之表兄沈称,言:「郁海谷先生,在沈友夫家开馆,我送汝寄学甚便。」
 
  余遂礼郁为师。
 
  孔为余起数:县考童生,当十四名;府考七十一名,提学考第九名。复为卜终身休咎,言:某年考第几名,某年当补廪,某年当贡,贡后某年,当选四川一大尹,在任三年半,即宜告归。五十三岁八月十四日丑时,当终于正寝,惜无子。余备录而谨记之。
 
  自此以后,凡遇考校,其名数先后,皆不出孔公所悬定者。独算余食廪米九十一石五斗当出贡;及食米七十一石,屠宗师即批准补贡,余窃疑之。后果为署印杨公所驳,直至丁卯年(公元1567年),殷秋溟宗师见余场中备卷,叹曰:「五策,即五篇奏议也,岂可使博洽淹贯之儒,老于窗下乎!」遂依县申文准贡,连前食米计之,实九十一石五斗也。余因此益信进退有命,迟速有时,澹然无求矣。
 
  贡入燕都,留京一年,终日静坐,不阅文字。己巳(公元1569年)归,游南雍,未入监,先访云谷会禅师于栖霞山中,对坐一室,凡三昼夜不瞑目。
 
  云谷问曰:「凡人所以不得作圣者,只为妄念相缠耳。汝坐三日,不见起一妄念,何也?」
 
  余曰:「吾为孔先生算定,荣辱生死,皆有定数,即要妄想,亦无可妄想。」
 
  云谷笑曰:「我待汝是豪杰,原来只是凡夫。」
 
  问其故?
 
  曰:「人未能无心,终为阴阳所缚,安得无数?但惟凡人有数;极善之人,数固拘他不定;极恶之人,数亦拘他不定。汝二十年来,被他算定,不曾转动一毫,岂非是凡夫?」
 
  余问曰:「然则数可逃乎?」
 
  曰:「命由我作,福自己求。诗书所称,的为明训。我教典中说:『求富贵得富贵,求男女得男女,求长寿得长寿。』夫妄语乃释迦大戒,诸佛菩萨,岂诳语欺人?」
 
  余进曰:「孟子言:『求则得之』,是求在我者也。道德仁义可以力求;功名富贵,如何求得?」
 
  云谷曰:「孟子之言不错,汝自错解了。汝不见六祖说:『一切福田,不离方寸;从心而觅,感无不通。』求在我,不独得道德仁义,亦得功名富贵;内外双得,是求有益于得也。若不反躬内省,而徒向外驰求,则求之有道,而得之有命矣,内外双失,故无益。」
 
  因问:「孔公算汝终身若何?」
 
  余以实告。
 
  云谷曰:「汝自揣应得科第否?应生子否?」
 
  余追省良久,曰:「不应也。科第中人,类有福相,余福薄,又不能积功累行,以基厚福;兼不耐烦剧,不能容人;时或以才智盖人,直心直行,轻言妄谈。凡此皆薄福之相也,岂宜科第哉。
 
  地之秽者多生物,水之清者常无鱼;余好洁,宜无子者一;和气能育万物,余善怒,宜无子者二;爱为生生之本,忍为不育之根;余矜惜名节,常不能舍己救人,宜无子者三;多言耗气,宜无子者四;喜饮铄精,宜无子者五;好彻夜长坐,而不知葆元毓神,宜无子者六。其馀过恶尚多,不能悉数。」
 
  云谷曰:「岂惟科第哉。世间享千金之产者,定是千金人物;享百金之产者,定是百金人物;应饿死者,定是饿死人物;天不过因材而笃,几曾加纤毫意思。
 
  即如生子,有百世之德者,定有百世子孙保之;有十世之德者,定有十世子孙保之;有三世二世之德者,定有三世二世子孙保之;其斩焉无后者,德至薄也。
 
  汝今既知非。将向来不发科第,及不生子之相,尽情改刷;务要积德,务要包荒,务要和爱,务要惜精神。从前种种,譬如昨日死;从后种种,譬如今日生;此义理再生之身。
 
  夫血肉之身,尚然有数;义理之身,岂不能格天。太甲曰:『天作孽,犹可违;自作孽,不可活。』诗云:『永言配命,自求多福。』孔先生算汝不登科第,不生子者,此天作之孽,犹可得而违;汝今扩充德性,力行善事,多积阴德,此自己所作之福也,安得而不受享乎?
 
  易为君子谋,趋吉避凶;若言天命有常,吉何可趋,凶何可避?开章第一义,便说:『积善之家,必有馀庆。』汝信得及否?」
 
  余信其言,拜而受教。因将往日之罪,佛前尽情发露,为疏一通,先求登科;誓行善事三千条,以报天地祖宗之德。
 
  云谷出功过格示余,令所行之事,逐日登记;善则记数,恶则退除,且教持准提咒,以期必验。
 
  语余曰:「符录家有云:『不会书符,被鬼神笑。』此有秘传,只是不动念也。执笔书符,先把万缘放下,一尘不起。从此念头不动处,下一点,谓之混沌开基。由此而一笔挥成,更无思虑,此符便灵。凡祈天立命,都要从无思无虑处感格。
 
  孟子论立命之学,而曰:『夭寿不贰。』夫夭寿,至贰者也。当其不动念时,孰为夭,孰为寿?细分之,丰歉不贰,然后可立贫富之命;穷通不贰,然后可立贵贱之命;夭寿不贰,然后可立生死之命。人生世间,惟死生为重,曰夭寿,则一切顺逆皆该之矣。
 
  至修身以俟之,乃积德祈天之事。曰修,则身有过恶,皆当治而去之;曰俟,则一毫觊觎,一毫将迎,皆当斩绝之矣。到此地位,直造先天之境,即此便是实学。
 
  汝未能无心,但能持准提咒,无记无数,不令间断,持得纯熟,于持中不持,于不持中持。到得念头不动,则灵验矣。」
 
  余初号学海,是日改号了凡;盖悟立命之说,而不欲落凡夫窠臼也。从此而后,终日兢兢,便觉与前不同。前日只是悠悠放任,到此自有战兢惕厉景象,在暗室屋漏中,常恐得罪天地鬼神;遇人憎我毁我,自能恬然容受。
 
  忽考第一;其言不验,而秋闱中式矣。然行义未纯,检身多误;或见善而行之不勇,或救人而心常自疑;或身勉为善,而口有过言;或醒时操持,而醉后放逸;以过折功,日常虚度。自己巳岁(公元1569年)发愿,直至己卯岁(公元1579年),历十馀年,而三千善行始完。
 
  时方从李渐庵入关,未及回向。庚辰(公元1580年)南还。始请性空,慧空诸上人,就东塔禅堂回向。遂起求子愿,亦许行三千善事。辛巳(公元1581年),生男天启。
 
  余行一事,随以笔记;汝母不能书,每行一事,辄用鹅毛管,印一朱圈于历日之上。或施食贫人,或买放生命,一日有多至十馀者。至癸未(公元1583年)八月,三千之数已满。复请性空辈,就家庭回向。九月十三日,复起求中进士愿,许行善事一万条,丙戌(公元1586年)登第,授宝坻知县。
 
  余置空格一册,名曰治心篇。晨起坐堂,家人携付门役,置案上,所行善恶,纤悉必记。夜则设桌于庭,效赵阅道焚香告帝。
 
  汝母见所行不多,辄颦蹙曰:「我前在家,相助为善,故三千之数得完;今许一万,衙中无事可行,何时得圆满乎?」
 
  夜间偶梦见一神人,余言善事难完之故。神曰:「只减粮一节,万行俱完矣。」盖宝坻之田,每亩二分三厘七毫。余为区处,减至一分四厘六毫,委有此事,心颇惊疑。适幻余禅师自五台来,余以梦告之,且问此事宜信否?
 
  师曰:「善心真切,即一行可当万善,况合县减粮,万民受福乎?」
 
  吾即捐俸银,请其就五台山斋僧一万而回向之。
 
  孔公算予五十三岁有厄,余未尝祈寿,是岁竟无恙,今六十九矣。书曰:「天难谌,命靡常。」又云:「惟命不于常」,皆非诳语。吾于是而知,凡称祸福自己求之者,乃圣贤之言。若谓祸福惟天所命,则世俗之论矣。
 
  汝之命,未知若何?即命当荣显,常作落寞想;即时当顺利,常作拂逆想;即眼前足食,常作贫窭想;即人相爱敬,常作恐惧想;即家世望重,常作卑下想;即学问颇优,常作浅陋想。
 
  远思扬祖宗之德,近思盖父母之愆;上思报国之恩,下思造家之福;外思济人之急,内思闲己之邪。
 
  务要日日知非,日日改过;一日不知非,即一日安于自是;一日无过可改,即一日无步可进;天下聪明俊秀不少,所以德不加修,业不加广者,只为因循二字,耽阁一生。
 
  云谷禅师所授立命之说,乃至精至邃,至真至正之理,其熟玩而勉行之,毋自旷也。

  • New Sinology Title:
    Those who coil to establish a lot learn _ Fan Sixun

    New Sinology Chapter:
    Those who coil to establish a lot learn

    New Sinology BookName:
    Fan Sixun

    New Sinology Catalog:
    The country learns illuminative

    New Sinology Content:

    Father of funeral of more than childhood, old mother life is abandoned lift course of study to learn cure, it is OK to call preserve one's health, can aid person, and be used to one art in order to become famous, heart of Er father early in the morning also. Hind temple of Yu Zaici cloud, meet one old man, repair beard Wei appearance, wave if,wave celestial being, of Yu Jingli. Language beyond says: " child go-between of road of be an official also "

     
    Beyond accuse with reason, knock at the house in old man surname.
     
    Say: " my surnames aperture, yunnan person also. Get Shao Zi emperor pole number is being passed, number should pass you. "
     
    Yu Yinzhi returns, tell a mother.
     
    Mu Yue: " be kind to. "
     
    Try its number, fine all all check. Yu Suiqi reads read aloud, the cousin Shenyang that seek says, character: " Mr Yu Haigu, the shop opens in Home Shen Youfu, I send Ru Jixue very. "
     
    Yu Suili gloomy is division.
     
    Kong Weiyu has number: The county takes an examination of Tong Sheng, become 14; Government office takes an examination of 71, carry learn to take an examination of the 9th. Answer to predict lifelong cease blame, character: Take an examination of the a fewth some year, should fill some year granary, become some year tribute, after tribute some year, be elected as Sichuan one big Yin, in Ren Sannian half, namely appropriate is accused return. 53 years old on August 14 the period of the day from 1 a.m. to 3 a.m. , should stopping eventually, cherish is not had child. More than priming and write down sincerely.
     
    Henceforth, every is encountered one's deceased father school, its concrete number early or late, neither gives Kong Gong place to hang the person that decide. Calculate alone beyond 91 stone should give the rice that feed granary 5 bottles tribute; Reach feed meter of 71 stone, tu Zongshi approves filling tribute namely, beyond steal doubt. Consequence is refute of public place of arrange Yin Yang, till Ding Maonian (the Christian era 1567) , the equipment in abundanting Qiu Mingzong division sees more than coils, sigh: " 5 plan, namely 5 achieve are discussed also, can make adj/LIT wide of rich be in harmony as string of 1000 cash Confucianism, often fall at the window! " allow a surname according to prefectural Shen Wen then, rice plan feeds before connecting, solid 91 Shi Wudou also. More than have a lot because of advance and retreat of this beneficial letter, late fast sometimes, dan is not had like that beg.
     
    Tribute enters swallow, leave capital one year, all day sit quietly, do not read a script. Personal Si (the Christian era 1569) return, you Nayong, did not enter prison, visit Yun Gu first meeting a Buddhist monk in Yu Qixia hill, to sitting one room, every 3 day and night do not close eyes.
     
    Yun Gu asks: " laic the person that must not make emperor so, pester ear for improper thought photograph only. You sit 3 days, do not see an one improper thought, he Ye? "
     
    Yu Yue: " I calculates for aperture gentleman calm, life and death of honour or disgrace, all have destiny, want covet namely, also do not have but covet. "
     
    Yun Gu laugh says: " I wait for you is hero, it is Fan Fu only so. "
     
    Ask its friend?
     
    Say: " the person fails inadvertently, it is ligature of place of yin and yang eventually, install countless? Know exactly about sth of Dan Weifan's person; Extremely the person of be apt to, several solid arrest he is errant; Arrant person, several also arrest he is errant. You come 20 years, be calculated to decide by him, never turn one fine long hair, is be not Fan Fu? "
     
    Beyond ask: " can number ining that case escape? "
     
    Say: " the life is made by me, him blessing is begged. Poetic book place says, for bright example. Say in my teaching allusion: "Beg riches and honour to get wealth and rank, beg a men and women to get a men and women, beg long life to get long life. " husband rant is Shi Jia big drop, all Buddha Bodhisattva, falsehood bully person? "
     
    Yu Jin says: " Mencius character: "Beg what get " , it is to beg in me person also. Moral Ren Yike with do one's best; Fame and fortune, how to get? "
     
    Yun Gu says: " the Mencius' word is right, you were solved from the fault. You disappear 6 ancestor say: "All blessing cropland, do not leave heart; Look for from the heart, feeling all without exception is connected. " beg in me, get moral Ren Yi not only, also get fame and fortune; Inside and outside double, it is to beg be beneficial to also. If be not turned over bend forward introspective, and apprentice is outward gallop beg, beg have, and get have a lot, inside and outside double break, reason is profitless. "
     
    Because ask: " does if,Kong Gong consider you lifelong why? "
     
    Yu Yishi is accused.
     
    Yun Gu says: " are you put oneself deserved division deny? Should parturient deny? "
     
    Yu Zhui saves a long time, say: " do not answer also. Division go-between, kind photograph having good fortune, yu Fubao, cannot accumulate result tired travel again, with base thick blessing; Hold impatient drama concurrently, cannot tolerate with others; When or cover a person with ability and wisdom, straight heart goes continuously, small talk absurd talks. Every the photograph of this all small good fortune also, appropriate division.
     
    Of the ground dirty person much biology, shui Zhiqing person often do not have a fish; Yu Haojie, appropriate is not had child person one; Amiable can Yo everythings on earth, yu Shannu, appropriate is not had child person 2; Love those who be born to make a living this, bear for not the root of Yo; Red-letter day of name of cherish of more than pity, often cannot abandon oneself help a person, appropriate is not had child person 3; Wordy bad news is angry, appropriate is not had child person 4; Be fond of drink melting essence, appropriate is not had child person 5; Good grow all night sit, and do not know spirit of nurture Yuan Yu, appropriate is not had child person 6. Its Yu is too evil still much, cannot all. "
     
    Yun Gu says: " but division. Worldly the person that enjoy the yield of a thousand pieces of gold, it is character of a thousand pieces of gold surely; Enjoy the produce person of 100 gold, it is 100 gold character surely; Should hungry dead, it is starved to death character surely; The day does not cross because of material earnest, fine long hair of a few Ceng Jia fine meaning.
     
    Be like namely parturient, the person that have the mind of 100 worlds, surely 100 worlds descendants is protected; The person that have the mind of 10 worlds, surely 10 worlds descendants is protected; Have sansei the heart of 2 worlds person, have what 2 worlds descendants protects sansei surely; Its behead Yan does not have latter, heart to thin also.
     
    You know to be not already today. Do not send all along division, reach not parturient phase, change to the top of one's bent brush; Wu wants accumulate virtue, wu should include crop failure, wu wants and love, wu wants cherish drive. Once upon a time a variety of, for example is dead yesterday; From hind a variety of, for example is strange now; The body of second birth of this argumentation of a speech or essay.
     
    The body of husband flesh and blood, shang Ran know exactly about sth; The body of argumentation of a speech or essay, cannot standard nature. Too armour says: "Day commit a sin, still all right violate; From commit a sin, cannot live. " Shi Yun: "Always character matchs an order, beg much happiness oneself. " aperture gentleman calculates you to be not ascended division, not parturient person, this day of made evil, still all right get and violate; You today augment heart sex, thing of force do good works, accumulate a good deed to the doer's credit in the next world more, the good fortune that this oneself makes also, be installed and do not suffer enjoy?
     
    It is gentleman easily to seek, hasten auspicious avoids fierce; The destiny that be like character has constant, hasten of auspicious He Ke, does fierce He Ke avoid? Open a chapter the first justice, say: "Accumulate the home of be apt to, surely Yu is celebrated. " are you believed so that reach deny? "
     
    Yu Xin its character, do obeisance to and suffer religion. Because of the blame former days, syrup is delivered to the top of one's bent before Buddha, for scanty, beg first ascend division; Thing of oath do good works 3000, in order to sign up for the heart of ancestor of heaven and earth.
     
    Yun Gu gives desert case to show beyond, the issue that makes go, day-to-day register; Be apt to notes number, evil retreat except, and religion hold carry cuss definitely, with period surely check.
     
    Language beyond says: " Home Fu Lu says: "Won't book accord with, by laugh of ghosts and gods. " this has esoteric, just do not move read aloud also. Write book accord with, put down 10 thousand predestined relationships first, one dirt does not rise. From now on thought is not moved place, below a bit, those who call is muddleheaded leave base. From this and brushstroke brandish is become, more without consider carefully, this accord with clever. Every pray day establishs a lot, want from without consider case of move of the department that do not have Lv.
     
    The Mencius learns by what establish a lot, and say: "Die young birthday not two. " birthday of husband die young, to two person also. Do not move when its when reading aloud, what is die young, is what birthday? Of fractionize, abundant apology not two, can establish the lot of the rich and the poor next; Connect thoroughly not two, can establish the lot of gentle and simple next; Die young birthday not two, can establish the lot of life and death next. Life is worldly, alone is born to death attach most importance to, say die young birthday, criterion everything is suitable go against all this.
     
    To cultivate one's morality with wait, it is the thing of day of accumulate virtue pray. Say long, had had personally evil, all should be treated and go; Say wait, criterion one fine long hair covets, one fine long hair will be greeted, all become behead absolutely. To this position, create congenital situation continuously, namely this is real learning.
     
    You fail inadvertently, but can hold carry cuss definitely, without write down countless, do not make discontinuous, hold practised, at holding in do not hold, at be not being held in hold. Arrive so that thought does not move, effective. "
     
    Yu Chu date learns the sea, it is day changes name every; The lid realizes those who establish a lot to say, and do not be about to fall Fan Fu sets pattern also. From now on after that, all day Jing Jing, become aware with before different. Eve is leisurely indulge only, come here to have picture of severe of battle Jing watchful oneself, in darkroom house leakage, often fear displeasing ghosts and gods of heaven and earth; I destroy the abhor that meet a person I, can unperturbed oneself the look suffers.
     
    Take an examination of suddenly the first; Its character not check, and Chinese style of autumn a side gate of an imperial palace. Like that travel justice is not pure, check body is much by accident; Or see kind and go not brave, or help a person and heart constant from doubt; Or body exert oneself is be apt to, and the mouth has had talk; Or when waking, manage, and drunk hind put ease; Fold in order to pass result, waste daily. Him Si year old (the Christian era 1569) hair wish, till personal the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches year old (the Christian era 1579) , all previous 10 Yu year, and 3000 beneficent only then be over.
     
    Just enter from Li Jianan when close, do not answer to. Geng Chen (the Christian era 1580) south still. Only then the sky that ask a gender, intelligent sky all getting on person, answer with respect to Dong Dachan hall to. Rise then beg child wish, also make an issue of 3000 be apt to. Laborious Si (the Christian era 1581) , unripe male apocalyptic.
     
    More than be related, along with in order to take notes; Your mother cannot book, every be related, always uses goose feather pipe, imprint one Zhu Juan on all previous day. Or use the person that feed deficient, or buy lot of free captive animals, one day has many to come 10 Yu person. To the last of the ten Heavenly Stems not (the Christian era 1583) in August, three full already. Answer generation of the sky that ask a gender, answer with respect to the family to. On September 13, answer remove a successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations in begging to wish, make issue of do good works 10 thousand, third Qu (the Christian era 1586) ascend, the Chi that award treasure knows a county.
     
    Copy of blank space of more than buy, the name says treat a heart piece. Sit since morning hall, family carries battle paying the door, on buy case, place do good works is evil, fine all is written down surely. Night is set desk at front courtyard, effect Zhao Yuedao censes accuse the Supreme Being.
     
    Your mother sees a travel is not much, always knits the brows frown says: " the home is in before me, aid for be apt to, reason three must be over; Make today 10 thousand, the thing is not had in Ya feasible, when to get satisfactory? "
     
    Nightly Ou Meng sees one god, the reason that work of be apt to of more than character is over hard. The god says: " decrease grain only, 10 thousand all are over. " the cropland of Gai Bao Chi, every mus of two li 7 fine long hair. The area is in Yu Wei, decrease to one li 6 fine long hair, appoint have this matter, heart quite surprised and bewildered. More than a Buddhist monk comes to comfortable unreal 5 times oneself, yu Yimeng accuses, and ask this matter appropriate to the letter is denied?
     
    Division says: " benevolence is clear, can become all right namely 10 thousand be apt to, besides add up to a county to decrease grain, 10 thousand civilian beatification beatification? "
     
    I contributes Feng Yin namely, ask its with respect to 5 Tai Shanzhai's monks 10 thousand and answer Xiang Zhi.
     
    Kong Gong calculates grant 53 years old to have be stranded, yu Wei tastes pray birthday, be year old in good health unexpectedly, today 69. The book says: " day difficult a surname, the life noes constant. " the cloud: " alone life not at constant " , all be not falsehood. I then and know, every says misfortune him good fortune is begged person, it is the character of sages and men of virtue. If call life of place of nature of alone of misfortune good fortune, lay talk.
     
    Your life, sealed if why? Namely the life is shown when flourish, often make desolate want; Become immediately successful, chang Zunfu is gone against want; Namely at the moment sufficient feed, often make deficient Ju want; Namely the person loves each other respect, often make fear want; Namely extraction hopes to weigh, often make humble want; Namely knowledge actors or actress quite, often make meager want.
     
    The heart of Yuan Saiyang ancestor, consider the fault that covers parents nearly; Patriotic favour is thought of on, the good fortune that makes the home is thought of below; What aid person considers outside is urgent, spare time is thought inside personal evil.
     
    Wu should know to be not every day, mend his ways every day; One day does not know to be not, namely one day is content with naturally; One day has not been had can change, namely one day can be entered without the pace; The world is clever and pretty many, so Debujia is repaired, course of study is not added wide person, it is follow only 2 words, delay cabinet lifetime.
     
    Place of cloud cereal a Buddhist monk awards those who establish a lot to say, and even essence of life comes deep, come really manage, its are ripe play and exert oneself goes, wu Zikuang also.
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