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卷四谦德之效_了凡四训

易曰:「天道亏盈而益谦;地道变盈而流谦;鬼神害盈而福谦;人道恶盈而好谦。」是故谦之一卦,六爻皆吉。

 
  书曰:「满招损,谦受益。」予屡同诸公应试,每见寒士将达,必有一段谦光可掬。
 
  辛未(公元1571年)计偕,我嘉善同袍凡十人,惟丁敬宇宾,年最少,极其谦虚。
 
  费曰:「何以见之?」
 
  予曰:「惟谦受福。兄看十人中,有恂恂款款,不敢先人,如敬宇者乎?有恭敬顺承,小心谦畏,如敬宇者乎?有受侮不答,闻谤不辩,如敬宇者乎?人能如此,即天地鬼神,犹将佑之,岂有不发者?」
 
  及开榜,丁果中式。
 
  丁丑(公元1577年)在京,与冯开之同处,见其虚己敛容,大变其幼年之习。李霁岩直谅益友,时面攻其非,但见其平怀顺受,未尝有一言相报。予告之曰:「福有福始,祸有祸先,此心果谦,天必相之。
 
  赵裕峰,光远,山东冠县人,童年举于乡,久不第。其父为嘉善三尹,随之任。慕钱明吾,而执文见之,明吾悉抹其文,赵不惟不怒,且心服而速改焉。
 
  壬辰岁(公元1592年),予入觐,晤夏建所,见其人气虚意下,谦光逼人,归而告友人曰:「凡天将发斯人也,未发其福,先发其慧;此慧一发,则浮者自实,肆者自敛;建所温良若此,天启之矣。」及开榜,果中式。
 
  江阴张畏岩,积学工文,有声艺林。甲午(公元1594年),南京乡试,寓一寺中,揭晓无名,大骂试官,以为眯目。时有一道者,在傍微笑,张遽移怒道者。道者曰:「相公文必不佳。」
 
  张怒曰:「汝不见我文,乌知不佳?」
 
  道者曰:「闻作文,贵心气和平,今听公骂詈,不平甚矣,文安得工?」
 
  张不觉屈服,因就而请教焉。
 
  道者曰:「中全要命;命不该中,文虽工,无益也。须自己做个转变。」
 
  张曰:「既是命,如何转变?」
 
  道者曰:「造命者天,立命者我;力行善事,广积阴德,何福不可求哉?」
 
  张曰:「我贫士,何能为?」
 
  道者曰:「善事阴功,皆由心造,常存此心,功德无量,且如谦虚一节,并不费钱,你如何不自反而骂试官乎?」
 
  张由此折节自持,善日加修,德日加厚。丁酉(公元1597年),梦至一高房,得试录一册,中多缺行。问旁人,曰:「此今科试录。」
 
  问:「何多缺名?」
 
  曰:「科第阴间三年一考较,须积德无咎者,方有名。如前所缺,皆系旧该中式,因新有薄行而去之者也。」
 
  后指一行云:「汝三年来,持身颇慎,或当补此,幸自爱。」是科果中一百五名。
 
  由此观之,举头三尺,决有神明;趋吉避凶,断然由我。须使我存心制行,毫不得罪于天地鬼神,而虚心屈己,使天地鬼神,时时怜我,方有受福之基。彼气盈者,必非远器,纵发亦无受用。稍有识见之士,必不忍自狭其量,而自拒其福也,况谦则受教有地,而取善无穷,尤修业者所必不可少者也。
 
  古语云:「有志于功名者,必得功名;有志于富贵者,必得富贵。」人之有志,如树之有根,立定此志,须念念谦虚,尘尘方便,自然感动天地,而造福由我。今之求登科第者,初未尝有真志,不过一时意兴耳;兴到则求,兴阑则止。
 
  孟子曰:「王之好乐甚,齐其庶几乎?」予于科名亦然。

  • New Sinology Title:
    Roll the effect _ of 4 modest heart Fan Sixun

    New Sinology Chapter:
    Roll the effect of 4 modest heart

    New Sinology BookName:
    Fan Sixun

    New Sinology Catalog:
    The country learns illuminative

    New Sinology Content:

    Yi Yue: " weather channel is filled with fortunately and beneficial modest; The tunnel changes to be filled with and shed modest; Ghosts and gods is killed be filled with and Fu Qian; Humane evil be filled with and good modest. " one of hereat modest divinatory symbols, 6 Yao all auspicious.

     
    The book says: " full court damage, modest is benefited. " grant to be the same as repeatedly all fair should try, every see cold person will amount to, have Guang Keju of a paragraph of modest surely.
     
    Xin Wei (the Christian era 1571) plan in the company of, my fine be apt to altogethers with gown 10 people, alone man respects Yu Bin, year least, extremely modest.
     
    Fei Yue: " why see? "
     
    Grant: " alone modest beatification beatification. Elder brother sees 10 people in, have Xun Xun money, not dare forefathers, the person that be like Jing Yu? Respect is arranged bear, careful modest Wei, the person that be like Jing Yu? Have suffer bully not to answer, hear slander not argue, the person that be like Jing Yu? The person can be such, namely ghosts and gods of heaven and earth, still bless, have the person that do not send? "
     
    Reach a list of names posted up, fourth fruit Chinese style.
     
    Ding Chou (the Christian era 1577) be in Beijing, be in together with Feng Kaizhi, see its theory personal assume a serious expression, change greatly the be used to of its childhood. Helpful friend of straight forgive of Li Ji cliff, the face attacks his to be not when, but see its make the same score Huai Shun to suffer, have not have cable of one character photograph. Grant to accuse say: " Fu Youfu only then, disaster has disaster first, modest of this heart fruit, the day needs of the photograph.
     
    Zhao Yufeng, light is far, person of Shandong coronal county, childhood is lifted at countryside, jiubudi. Its father is fine be apt to 3 Yin, hold the post of subsequently. Admire Qian Mingwu, and hold Wen Jianzhi, ming Wu all wipes its article, zhao nots only not angry, and be convinced and fast change Yan.
     
    Ren celestial bodies year old (the Christian era 1592) , grant present oneself before, interview summer establishs institute, see meaning of its person deficiency of vital energy falls, modest light is threatening, return and accuse friend to say: " Fan Tian will be sent this person also, did not send its blessing, send first its intelligent; This intelligent one hair, criterion float person from solid, the person that shop from collect; The Wenliang that establish institute is like this, apocalyptic. " reach a list of names posted up, fruit Chinese style.
     
    Cliff of river shade Zhang Wei, accumulate article learning skill, phonic art circles. Armour midday (the Christian era 1594) , nanjing countryside tries, contain in one temple, announce anonymous, tongue-lash try an official, think narrow one's eyes looks. From time to tome the one person that, in draw near smile, piece hurriedly moves the angry person that. The person that says: " photograph archives needs not beautiful. "
     
    Zhang Nu says: " you do not see my article, does black know not beautiful? "
     
    The person that says: " hear a composition, expensive heart enrages peace, listen today fair scold Li, rough very, must Wen An be versed in? "
     
    Piece do not become aware succumb, because consult Yan with respect to.
     
    The person that says: " in complete a nuisance; Life ought not to in, although article is versed in, profitless also. Him beard makes a change. "
     
    Zhang Yue: " since life, how to transform? "
     
    The person that says: " day of the person that make a lot, the person that establish a lot I; Thing of force do good works, wide accumulate a good deed to the doer's credit in the next world, cannot be He Fu begged? "
     
    Zhang Yue: " my deficient person, he Neng is? "
     
    The person that says: " result of back of job of be apt to, all build by the heart, often put this heart, boundless beneficence, ju Ruqian empty, not costly, how are you scolded instead oneself try an official? "
     
    This folds Zhang You section control oneself, day of be apt to is added long, derijia is thick. Ding You (the Christian era 1597) , the dream comes one tall room, get rehearsal copy, be short of more in row. Ask other people, say: " this today division rehearsal. "
     
    Ask: " does He Duo lack a name? "
     
    Say: " division Acheron take an examination of 3 years relatively, need the person that accumulate virtue does not have blame, square famous. The place before be like is short of, all be old this Chinese style, go because of having thin travel newly person also. "
     
    One rack points to after: " you come 3 years, hold a body quite careful, or should fill this, favour self-love. " it is division fruit in 105.
     
    Watch from this, cite a 3 rule, have deities definitely; Hasten auspicious avoids fierce, absolutely by me. Must make I am made on purpose row, displease ghosts and gods of Yu Tian ground none, and modest Qu Ji, make ghosts and gods of heaven and earth, constantly pity I, just have beatification beatification base. Those enrages the person that be filled with, be not surely far implement, even if send,also do not have benefit from. Have knowledge and experience a bit person, cannot bear surely from narrow its are measured, and from refus its blessing also, kuang Qian suffers religion have the land, and take kind boundless, blame study at school person place is indispensable person also.
     
    Archaism cloud: " have keep in mind at the scholarly honour and official rank person, must scholarly honour and official rank; The person that have annals Yu Fugui, must riches and honour. " of the person have keep in mind, those who be like a tree have a root, halt this annals, must read aloud read aloud modesty, dust dirt is convenient, touch scope of activity naturally, and benefit by me. Today beg ascend division person, there has not be true keep in mind first, nevertheless temporarily enthusiasm ear; Promote beg, xing Lan stops.
     
    The Mencius says: " Wang Zhi is very happy very, neat do its so that? " grant at family name Yi Ran.
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