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六本_孔子家语

章节: 六本
书名: 孔子家语
类目: 子部
原作者:
朝代:
写作年代: 约公元前-377年  至  公元后296年
视频: 六本_孔子家语
音频: 六本_孔子家语
新国学:
  孔子曰:「行己有六本焉,然後為君子也.立身有義矣,而孝為本;喪紀有禮矣,而哀為本;戰陣有列矣,而勇為本;治政有理矣,而農為本;居國有道矣,而嗣為本;生財有時矣,而力為本.置本不固,無務農桑;親戚不悅,無務外交;事不終始,無務多業;記聞而言,無務多說;比近不安,無務求遠.是故反本修邇,君子之道也.」

 
  孔子曰:「良藥苦於口而利於病,忠言逆於耳而利於行.湯武以諤諤而昌,桀紂以唯唯而亡.君無爭臣,父無爭子,兄無爭弟,士無爭友,無其過者,未之有也.故曰:『君失之,臣得之.父失之,子得之.兄失之,弟得之.己失之,友得之.』是以國無危亡之兆,家無悖亂之惡,父子兄弟無失,而交友無絕也.」
 
  孔子見齊景公,公悅焉,請置廩丘之邑以為養.孔子辭而不受.入謂弟子曰:「吾聞君子賞功受賞,今吾言於齊君,君未之有行,而賜吾邑,其不知丘亦甚矣.」於是遂行.
 
  孔子在齊,舍於外館,景公造焉.賓主之辭既接,而左右白曰:「周使適至,言先王廟災.」景公覆問災何王之廟也.孔子曰:「此必釐王之廟.」公曰:「何以知之?」孔子曰:「『詩云:皇皇上天,其命不忒,天之以善,必報其德.』禍亦如之.夫釐王變文武之制,而作玄黃華麗之飾,宮室崇峻,輿馬奢侈,而弗可振也,故天殃所宜加其廟焉,以是占之為然.」公曰:「天何不殃其身,而加罰其廟也?」孔子曰:「蓋以文武故也.若殃其身,則文武之嗣,無乃殄平,故當殃其廟,以彰其過.」俄頃,左右報曰:「所災者,釐王廟也.」景公驚起,再拜曰:「善哉!聖人之智,過人遠矣.」子貢三年之喪畢,見於孔子.子曰:「與之琴,使之絃,侃侃而樂,作而曰:『先王制禮,弗敢過也.』」子曰:『君子也.』子貢曰:『閔子哀未盡.』夫子曰:『君子也.』子夏哀已盡,又曰:『君子也.』二者殊情而俱曰君子,賜也或敢問之.」孔子曰:「閔子哀未忘,能斷之以禮;子夏哀已盡,能引之及禮.雖均之君子,不亦可乎.」
 
  孔子曰:「無體之禮,敬也;無服之喪,哀也;無聲之樂,歡也.不言而信,不動而威,不施而仁.志夫鐘之音,怒而擊之則武,憂而擊之則悲,其志變者,聲亦隨之.故志誠感之,通於金石,而況人乎!」
 
  孔子見羅雀者所得,皆黃口小雀.夫子問之曰:「大雀獨不得,何也?」羅者曰:「大雀善驚而難得,黃口貪食而易得.黃口從大雀則不得,大雀從黃口亦不得.」孔子顧謂弟子曰:「善驚以遠害,利食而忘患,自其心矣,而以所從為禍福.故君子慎其所從,以長者之慮,則有全身之階,隨小者之戇,而有危亡之敗也.」
 
  孔子讀易至於損益,喟然而嘆.子夏避席問曰:「夫子何歎焉?」孔子曰:「夫自損者必有益之,自益者必有決之,吾是以歎也.」子曰:「然則學者不可以益乎?」子曰:「非道益之謂也.道彌益而身彌損.夫學者損其自多,以虛受人,故能成其滿博哉.天道成而必變,凡持滿而能久者,未嘗有也.故曰:『自賢者,天下之善言不得聞於耳矣.』昔堯治天下之位,猶允恭以持之,克讓以接下,是以千歲而益盛,迄今而逾彰;夏桀昆吾,自滿而極,亢意而不節,斬刈黎民如草芥焉,天下討之,如誅匹夫,是以千載而惡著,迄今而不滅.觀此,如行則讓長,不疾先,如在輿遇三人則下之,遇二人則式之,調其盈虛,不令自滿,所以能久也.」子夏曰:「商請志之,而終身奉行焉.」
 
  子路問於孔子曰:「請釋古之道,而行由之意可乎?」子曰:「不可.昔東夷之子,慕諸夏之禮,有女而寡,為內私婿.終身不嫁,嫁則不嫁矣,亦有貞節之義也.蒼梧嬈娶妻而美,讓與其兄,讓則讓矣,然非禮之讓矣.不慎其初,而悔其後,何嗟及矣.今汝欲舍古之道,行子之意,庸知子意不以是為非,以非為是乎?後雖欲悔,難哉.」
 
  曾子耘瓜,誤斬其根.曾皙怒建大杖以擊其背,曾子仆地而不知人,久之有頃,乃蘇,欣然而起,進於曾皙曰:「嚮也參得罪於大人,大人用力教,參得無疾乎.」退而就房,援琴而歌,欲令曾皙而聞之,知其體康也.孔子聞之而怒,告門弟子曰:「參來勿內.」曾參自以為無罪,使人請於孔子.子曰:「汝不聞乎,昔瞽瞍有子曰舜,舜之事瞽瞍,欲使之未嘗不在於側,索而殺之,未嘗可得,小棰則待過,大杖則逃走,故瞽瞍不犯不父之罪,而舜不失烝烝之孝,今參事父委身以待暴怒,殪而不避,既身死而陷父於不義,其不孝孰大焉?汝非天子之民也,殺天子之民,其罪奚若?」曾參聞之曰:「參罪大矣.」遂造孔子而謝過.
 
  荊公子行年十五而攝荊相事,孔子聞之,使人徃觀其為政焉.使者反曰:「視其朝清淨而少事,其堂上有五老焉,其廊下有二十壯士焉.」孔子曰:「合二十五人之智,以治天下,其固免矣,況荊乎?」
 
  子夏問於孔子曰:「顏回之為人奚若?」子曰:「回之信賢於丘.」曰:「子貢之為人奚若?」子曰:「賜之敏賢於丘.」曰:「子路之為人奚若?」子曰:「由之勇賢於丘.」曰:「子張之為人奚若?」子曰:「師之莊賢於丘.」子夏避席而問曰:「然則四子何為事先生?」子曰:「居,吾語汝,夫回能信而不能反,賜能敏而不能詘,由能勇而不能怯,師能莊而不能同,兼四子者之有以易吾弗與也,此其所以事吾而弗貳也.」
 
  孔子遊於泰山,見榮聲期,行乎郕之野,鹿裘帶索,瑟瑟而歌.孔子問曰:「先生所以為樂者,何也?」期對曰:「吾樂甚多,而至者三.天生萬物,唯人為貴,吾既得為人,是一樂也;男女之別,男尊女卑,故人以男為貴,吾既得為男,是二樂也;人生有不見日月,不免襁褓者,吾既以行年九十五矣,是三樂也.貧者士之常,死者人之終,處常得終,當何憂哉.」孔子曰:「善哉!能自寬者也.」
 
  孔子曰:「回有君子之道四焉,強於行義、弱於受諫、怵於待祿、慎於治身.史?有男子之道三焉,不仕而敬上、不祀而敬鬼、直己而曲人.」曾子侍曰:「參昔常聞夫子三言而未之能行也,夫子見人之一善而忘其百非,是夫子之易事也;見人之有善若己有之,是夫子之不爭也;聞善必躬行之,然後導之,是夫子之能勞也.學夫子之三言而未能行,以自知終不及二子者也.」
 
  孔子曰:「吾死之後,則商也日益,賜也日損.」曾子曰:「何謂也?」子曰:「商也好與賢己者處,賜也好說不若己者.不知其子視其父,不知其人視其友,不知其君視其所使,不知其地視其草木.故曰與善人居,如入芝蘭之室,久而不聞其香,即與之化矣.與不善人居,如入鮑魚之肆,久而不聞其臭,亦與之化矣.丹之所藏者赤,漆之所藏者黑,是以君子必慎其所與處者焉.」
 
  曾子從孔子之齊,齊景公以下卿之禮聘曾子,曾子固辭.將行,晏子送之曰:「吾聞之君子遺人以財不若善言,今夫蘭本三年湛之以鹿酳,既成噉之,則易之匹馬,非蘭之本性也,所以湛者美矣,願子詳其所湛者,夫君子居必擇處,遊必擇方,仕必擇君,擇君所以求仕,擇方所以修道,遷風移俗者嗜慾移性,可不慎乎.」孔子聞之曰:「晏子之言,君子哉!依賢者固不困,依富者固不窮,馬蚿斬足而復行,何也?以其輔之者眾.」孔子曰:「與富貴而下人,何人不尊;以富貴而愛人,何人不親.發言不逆,可謂知言矣;言而眾嚮之,可謂知時矣.是故以富而能富人者,欲貧不可得也.以貴而能貴人者,欲賤不可得也;以達而能達人者,欲窮不可得也.」
 
  孔子曰:「中人之情也,有餘則侈,不足則儉,無禁則淫,無度則逸,從欲則敗.是故鞭朴之子,不從父之教,刑戮之民,不從君之令,此言疾之難忍,急之難行也.故君子不急斷,不急制,使飲食有量,衣服有節,宮室有度,畜積有數,車器有限,所以防亂之原也.夫度量不可明,是中人所由之令.」
 
  孔子曰:「巧而好度,必攻;勇而好問,必勝;智而好謀,必成.以愚者反之,是以非其人告之弗聽.非其地,樹之弗生.得其人,如聚砂而雨之;非其人,如會聾而鼓之.夫處重擅寵,專事妒賢,愚者之情也,位高則危,任重則崩,可立而待.」
 
  孔子曰:「舟非水不行,水入舟則沒;君非民不治,民犯上則傾.是故君子不可不嚴也,小人不可不整一也.」
 
  齊高庭問於孔子曰:「庭不曠山,不直地,衣穰而提贄,精氣以問事君子之道,願夫子告之.」孔子曰:「貞以幹之,敬以輔之,施仁無倦,見君子則舉之,見小人則退之.去汝惡心而忠與之,效其行,修其禮,千里之外,親如兄弟.行不效,禮不修,則對門不汝通矣,夫終日言,不遺己之憂,終日行不遺己之患,唯智者能之.故自修者必恐懼以除患,恭儉以避難者也.終身為善,一言則敗之,可不慎乎.」

  • New Sinology Title:
    Language of home of 6 _ Confucius

    New Sinology Chapter:
    6

    New Sinology BookName:
    Confucius home language

    New Sinology Catalog:
    Child ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    Confucius says: " row oneself have 6 Yan, like that after gentleman also. Establish a body to have Li , and filial piety this; Ji has Die , and sad this; Zuo has a kind, and brave this; Treat politics justifiable, and Zuo this; House has, and heir this; Unripe Zuo has , and force this. Buy does not originally originally, mulberry of Zuo ; Yin relative not , diplomacy; Thing not Jian only then, much ; Yin Long , much Zha ; Than close uneasiness, begs Zuo . Hereat repairs Zuo originally instead, the path of gentleman also. "

     
    Confucius says: " fine Shu suffers from at the mouth benefit at disease, sincere advice goes against at ear benefit Wu Hang. fierce with Zheng Zheng prosperous, Ji of the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty with only only and die. Gentleman official, father child, younger brother of of elder brother , person is friendly, its Zuo person, not have also. Friend says: "Gentleman breaks, I get. Father breaks, child those who get. Elder brother breaks, younger brother gets. Oneself those who break, friendly. " be with in peril, domestic is contrary to the of , of brother of father and son is broken, and Jian of the that make friend also. "
     
    View of Confucius Yao Zuo is general, fair Yan, qiu Zhiyi of Zha buy with Zuo . Confucius Zuo and do not suffer. The child that enter Zheng says: " result of Zuo of my Long gentleman suffers Zuo , today my character at Mr Zuo , jun Weizhi has row, and Zuo my city, its do not know Qiu Yi very. " Wu Shisui goes.
     
    Confucius is in Zuo , abandon at outside Zuo , view is general build Yan. Zuo advocate Zuo is received already, and control Bai Yue: " make Zuo comes, character first king . " He Wangzhi of of of scene fair Fu also. Confucius says: " this needs of Zuo Wang Zhi. " fair say: " why know? " Confucius says: " " Yu cloud: Emperor emperor goes up to the sky, its life does not error, of the day with be apt to, surely its heart. " Dai Yi Ruzhi. Of civil and military of Zhu of husband Zuo king make, and the Zuo that makes Zuo of black Zuo Qu , room esteems high, Zuo Zuo is extravagant, and not but brace up also, appropriate of place of friend day disaster adds its Yan, the that occupies in order to be like that. " fair say: " day why not disaster its body, and add Li its also? " Confucius says: " San with reason of civil and military also. Be like disaster its body, the heir of civil and military, is extirpate to make the same score, reason disaster its , with clear its Zuo . " Russian Zuo , or so says: " place person, Zuo king also. " scene fair Zuo rises, do obeisance to again: " be apt to! Of Long person wisdom, Zuo person Zuo . " child Zuo of 3 years, Yao Wu Kongzi. Child say: " the musical instrument of Ning , made Jian , kan Kan and , make and say: "First king make Die , not dare Zuo also. " " child say: "Gentleman also. " child Zuo says: " Zuo child sad not Bao . " the master says: "Gentleman also. " child summer sad already Bao , say again: "Gentleman also. " both different affection and all says gentleman, Zuo also or dare of . " Confucius says: " Zuo child sad did not forget, can of with Die ; Child summer sad already Bao , can bring reach Die . Zuo all gentleman, not Yi Ke. "
     
    Confucius says: " the Die of Zuo , respect also; The that takes, sad also; The of Long , also. Not character and letter, not and power, be not applied and benevolence. The sound of annals husband Zuo , angry and the fierce of , and the Bei of , its annals Zhu person, Long also of Zuo . Reason annals Zha feels, connect Wu Jinshi, and person! "
     
    Sparrow of Confucius Yao Li person earning, all Zuo mouth small sparrow. Of master say: " big sparrow is not gotten, he Ye? " Li person say: " Zuo of big sparrow be apt to and Zuo is gotten, Zuo mouth Zuo is fed and get easily. of big sparrow of Zuo mouth is not gotten, mouth of Zuo of big sparrow also is not gotten. " child of Confucius Zuo Zheng says: " Zuo of be apt to is killed with Zuo , benefit is fed and forget to suffer from, from its heart, and with blessing of Dai of place . Reason gentleman careful its place , with Zuo person , has systemic Zuo , Zuo is small person , and the that has at stake also. "
     
    Beneficial of Confucius Zhu Yi Zhiwu , sigh however . Child summer avoid banquet says: " master why Yan? " Confucius says: " husband from person surely beneficial, from beneficial person have surely, I is with also. " child say: " like that person not OK beneficial? " child say: " the Zheng that is not beneficial also. Path beneficial and body . Husband person its from many, get a person with Ta , reason can become its Bo Zai. The day and need Zhu , every holds and can long person, not has also. Friend says: "From Zuo person, the character of be apt to of the world does not get Long Wu Er. " former times governs the world, allow respectful with holding, overcome Zhu to fall in order to receive, it is with 1000 beneficial is filled, heretofore and even more clear; Kun Wu of summerly the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty, from , kang Yi and not Geng , the common people of cut down is like trifle Yan, of the world Yin , be like Zha ordinary man, it is with 1000 Zuo is written, heretofore and not . Yin this, be like Zuo of travel Zhu , not disease first, if what 3 people falls is encounter in Zuo , receive form of 2 people , its are filled with Zha Ta , do not make from , so can long also. " child Xia Yue: " of business Zha annals, and Jian body pursues Yan. "
     
    Child road Wu Kongzi says: " Zha Zuo Gu Zhidao, and row by meaning but? " child say: " cannot. Former times smooths child, Die of admire Zheng Xia Zhi, have female and few, husband of illicit. Jian body is not married, marry is not married, the Li that also has Zuo Geng also. Wive of San Wu and beautiful, Zhu Ning its elder brother, Zhu Zhu , the Zhu that is not Die like that. Inadvertent at the beginning of its, and regret its after, why to sigh reach. Today Ru Yushe's ancient course, row child meaning, commonplace knows child meaning do not be not in order to be , be in order to be not ? After Zuo desire regret, Zuo . "
     
    Ceng Ziyun melon, Zha its root. Ceng Xi anger builds big stick with its are carried on the back, ceng Zipu ground and do not tell a person, have Zuo for a long time, it is Ta , joyfully and rise, Zuo Wu Cengxi says: " also is displeased at adult, adult teachs forcibly, gets disease. " retreat and with respect to the room, aid musical instrument and song, be about to make ever fair-skinneded and of Long , know its Zuo health also. Of Confucius Long and anger, the child that accuse Zuo says: " not . " ever from with blame, make person Zha Wu Kongzi. Child say: " you not Long , former times blinds Sou has child say Shun, the thing of Shun blinds Sou, be about to make not is absent at , all alone and of , not can be gotten, small Chui waits for Zuo , big stick runs away, reason blinds Sou does not make not the blame of father, and the filial piety that Shun does not break , today thing father appoint personally in order to wait for violent rage, yi and do not avoid, die personally already and defect father at not Li , are its disobedient what big Yan? Of Ru Fei the emperor civilian also, of the emperor civilian, why its blame is like? " ever of Long say: " pain is great. " build Confucius then and Zheng Zuo .
     
    Qia childe goes year 15 and issue of Qia look, of Confucius Long , make politics Yan of its of person Yin . Emissary says instead: " Yao its are little toward clear thing, there are 5 old Yan on its hall, there is 20 person Yan below its corridor. " Confucius says: " join 25 people wisdom, in order to govern the world, its solid is avoided, Qia ? "
     
    Child summerly Wu Kongzi says: " the person Xi Re that Zuo answers? " child say: " the Wu Qiu believing Zuo that answer. " say: " child the person Xi Re of Zuo ? " child say: " the quick Zuo Wu Qiu of Zuo . " say: " child the person Xi Re of the road? " child say: " Wu Qiu of You Zhiyong Zuo . " say: " child the person Xi Re of ? " child say: " the Qia Zuo Wu Qiu of . " child summer avoid banquet and says: " like that 4 child why is born beforehand? " child say: " house, my Zha you, the husband is answered can be believed and cannot turn over, Zuo can quick and cannot Yu , you Nengyong and cannot cowardly, can Qia and cannot be the same as, hold <> concurrently 4 child person have with Yi Wufu Ning also, this its so thing I and not Zuo also. "
     
    Confucius Zuo Wu Taishan, Yao Long period, row of Zuo wild, of cervine fur coat alls alone, rustle and song. Confucius says: " gentleman so person, he Ye? " period says: " my are very much, and the person that come 3. Inherent Qu content, only person Zuo , I gets person already, it is one also; Male and female , male honour female low, old friend with male Zuo , I gets already male, it is 2 also; Life has not Yao life, unavoidable swaddle person, I already in order to go year 95, it is 3 also. Zuo person person constant, the Jian of the dead's person, Ta often gets Jian , why . " Confucius says: " be apt to! Can from person also. "
     
    Confucius says: " answer 4 Yan that have a man of noble character, Dai of Wu Dai of Zheng of Li of Wu Hang, weak Wu Shou, fear, Shen Wuzhi body. History? Have 3 Yan of the man, not be an official and sincerely yours, be not offerred sacrifices to and respect ghost, straight oneself and music person. " Ceng Zi serve says: " former times constant Long master 3 character and not can go also, one of master Yao people be apt to and forget its 100 blame, the easy thing that is a master also; Of Yao person if,have kind oneself have, be a master not also; Long be apt to needs bend forward of travel, like that of after , be a master can also. The character of master and fail to go, with knowing Jian oneself not as good as 2 child person also. "
     
    Confucius says: " my dead after, business also increasingly, Zuo also day . " Ceng Zi says: " why Zheng also? " child say: " Zuo of Ning of business it may not be a bad idea oneself person Ta , Zha of Zuo it may not be a bad idea is like oneself person. Do not know its child Yao its father, do not tell its friend of its person Yao , do not know its place of its gentleman Yao to make, do not know its ground Yao its wood. Friend says house of Ning charitable person, if enter the room of Zhi Ta , long and not Long its are sweet, namely of Ning change. Ning not good at person is resided, if enter the shop of Zuo Zuo , long and not Long its are smelly, also of Ning change. Bare of the person that the place of red hides, the person that Qi Zhi is hidden is black, be need with gentleman careful Ta of its place Ning person Yan. "
     
    The Zuo of Confucius of Ceng Zi , Die of fair the following Qing Zhi hires Zuo condition Ceng Zi, Zuo of Ceng Zi solid. goes, yan Zi sends say: " the gentleman Zuo person of my Long is not like character of be apt to with Zuo , today husband Ta of 3 years of crystal clear with cervine Zuo , become already, a Zuo with easy , the nature that is not Ta also, so crystal clear person beautiful, Zuo child crystal clear of Yu its place person, husband gentleman house needs Ta , Zuo needs square, be an official needs Mr , mr seeks fill an office so, square so ascetic, Zuo Zuo moves common person of be addicted to moves quality, but inadvertent. " of Confucius Long say: " Yanzi's character, gentleman! Solid of the person that depend on Zuo is not tired, according to rich person solid not Fu , Zuo Ting is sufficient and goes, he Ye? With its Zuo person Bao . " Confucius says: " Ning rich Zuo and servent, he Ren not honour; With rich Zuo person, he Ren not Yin . character is not gone against, but Zheng knows word; Character and of Bao , but Zheng knows . Hereat with rich and can wealthy person person, desire Zuo cannot be gotten also. With Zuo can Zuo person person, desire Zuo cannot be gotten also; With Zuo can Zuo person person, desire Fu cannot be gotten also. "
     
    Confucius says: " the affection of go-between also, having Zuo wastefuls, be not worth , bans excessive, spends ease, of desire . Hereat whip Piao Zhizi, not of father religion, punishment unites civilian, not Jun Zhiling, the Zuo of this character disease is borne, urgent Zuo goes also. Reason gentleman is not urgent , make not urgently, make Zuo is fed have an amount, the dress has Geng , room has degree, cultivate Er has , Zuo implement finite, what prevent so is former also. Husband magnanimity cannot bright, it is go-between place by your. "
     
    Confucius says: " artful and good degree, attack surely; Brave and good , surely ; Wisdom and good Zheng , need. With I person conversely, be not in order to be not what its person accuses Long . Be not its ground, of not unripe. Get its person, if get together arenaceous and of rain; Be not its person, be like Man and rouse. Husband Ta weighs of arrogate to oneself, Zuo of thing be jealous of, I person affection also, tall highs, hold the post of the collapse that weigh , can stand and wait for. "
     
    Confucius says: " Zhou Fei water is no good, water is done not have into boat ; Jun Fei civilian is not treated, civilian of of go against one's superiors. Hereat gentleman cannot not also, lilliputian cannot be not rectified one also. "
     
    Wu Kongzi of of Zuo Gao Ting says: " front courtyard not hill, not straight ground, garment Rang and carry Zuo , the path of of essence of life with thing gentleman, Zuo master accuses. " Confucius says: " Zuo with , respect with Zuo , apply benevolence tired, of Ning of Yao gentleman , Yao Lilliputian retreats. Go your heart and of faithful Ning , effect its go, repair its Die , besides a thousand li, Yin is like brother. Row not effect, Die is not repaired, Zuo not you are connected, character of husband Jian day, not Zuo personal , Jian day goes not Zuo of oneself suffer from, only wisdom person can. Reason is self-educated person fear sufferring from in order to divide surely, respectful in order to avoid Zuo person also. Be apt to of Jian body , of of one character , but inadvertent. "
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