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荣辱篇第四_荀子

章节: 荣辱篇第四
书名: 荀子
类目: 子部
原作者:
朝代:
写作年代: 约公元前-392年  至  公元后738年
视频: 荣辱篇第四_荀子
音频: 荣辱篇第四_荀子
新国学:
  憍泄者,人之殃也;恭俭者,偋五兵也。虽有戈矛之刺,不如恭俭之利也。故与人善言,暖于布帛;伤人之言,深于矛戟。故薄薄之地,不得履之,非地不安也,危足无所履者,凡在言也。巨涂则让,小涂则殆,虽欲不谨,若云不使。

 
  快快而亡者、怒也,察察而残者、忮也,博而穷者、訾也,清之而俞浊者、口也,豢之而俞瘠者、交也,辩而不说者、争也,直立而不见知者、胜也,廉而不见贵者、刿也,勇而不见惮者、贪也,信而不见敬者、好剸行也。此小人之所务,而君子之所不为也。
 
  斗者,忘其身者也,忘其亲者也,忘其君者也。行其少顷之怒,而丧终身之躯,然且为之,是忘其身也;家室立残,亲戚不免乎刑戮,然且为之,是忘其亲也;君上之所恶也,刑法之所大禁也,然且为之,是忘其君也。忧忘其身,内忘其亲,上忘其君,是刑法之所不舍也,圣王之所不畜也。乳彘触虎,乳狗不远游,不忘其亲也。人也,忧忘其身,内忘其亲,上忘其君,则是人也,而曾狗彘之不若也。
 
  凡斗者,必自以为是,而以人为非也。己诚是也,人诚非也,则是己君子 ,而人小人也;以君子与小人相贼害也,忧以忘其身,内以忘其亲,上以忘其君,岂不过甚矣哉!是人也,所谓以狐父之戈钃牛矢也。将以为智邪?则愚莫大焉;将以为利邪?则害莫大焉;将以为荣邪?则辱莫大焉;将以为安邪?则危莫大焉。人之有斗,何哉?我欲属之狂惑疾病邪?则不可,圣王又诛之。我欲属之鸟鼠禽兽邪?则又不可,其形体又人,而好恶多同。人之有斗,何哉?我甚丑之。
 
  有狗彘之勇者,有贾盗之勇者,有小人之勇者,有士君子之勇者。争饮食,无廉耻,不知是非,不辟死伤,不畏众强,牟牟然惟利饮食之见,是狗彘之勇也。为事利,争货财,无辞让,果敢而振,猛贪而戾,牟牟然惟利之见,是贾盗之勇也。轻死而暴,是小人之勇也。义之所在,不倾于权,不顾其利,举国而与之不为改视,重死持义而不桡,是士君子之勇也。
 
  鯈魾者,浮阳之鱼也,胠于沙而思水,则无逮矣。挂于患而思谨,则无益矣。自知者不怨人,知命者不怨天;怨人者穷,怨天者无志。失之己,反之人,岂不迂乎哉!
 
  荣辱之大分,安危利害之常体:先义而后利者荣,先利而后义者辱;荣者常通,辱者常穷;通者常制人,穷者常制于人:是荣辱之大分也。材悫者常安利,荡悍者常危害;安利者常乐易,危害者常忧险;乐易者常寿长,忧险者常夭折:是安危利害之常体也。
 
  夫天生蒸民,有所以取之:志意致修,德行致厚,智虑致明,是天子之所以取天下也。政令法,举措时,听断公,上则能顺天子之命,下则能保百姓,是诸侯之所以取国家也。志行修,临官治,上则能顺上,下则能保其职,是士大夫之所以取田邑也。循法则、度量、刑辟、图籍、不知其义,谨守其数,慎不敢损益也;父子相传,以持王公,是故三代虽亡,治法犹存,是官人百吏之所以取禄职也。孝弟原悫,軥录疾力,以敦比其事业,而不敢怠傲,是庶人之所以取暖衣饱食,长生久视,以免于刑戮也。饰邪说,文奸言,为倚事,陶诞突盗,惕悍憍暴,以偷生反侧于乱世之间,是奸人之所以取危辱死刑也。其虑之不深,其择之不谨,其定取舍楛僈,是其所以危也。
 
  材性知能,君子小人一也;好荣恶辱,好利恶害,是君子小人之所同也;若其所以求之之道则异矣:小人也者,疾为诞而欲人之信己也,疾为诈而欲人之亲己也,禽兽之行而欲人之善己也;虑之难知也,行之难安也,持之难立也,成则必不得其所好,必遇其所恶焉。故君子者,信矣,而亦欲人之信己也;忠矣,而亦欲人之亲己也;修正治辨矣,而亦欲人之善己也;虑之易知也,行之易安也,持之易立也,成则必得其所好,必不遇其所恶焉。是故穷则不隐,通则大明,身死而名弥白。小人莫不延颈举踵而愿曰:“知虑材性,固有以贤人矣。”夫不知其与己无以异也。则君子注错之当,而小人注错之过也。故孰察小人之知能,足以知其有余,可以为君子之所为也。譬之越人安越,楚人安楚,君子安雅。是非知能材性然也,是注错习俗之节异也。仁义德行,常安之术也,然而未必不危也;污僈突盗,常危之术也,然而未必不安也。故君子道其常,而小人道其怪。
 
  凡人有所一同:饥而欲食,寒而欲暖,劳而欲息,好利而恶害,是人之所生而有也,是无待而然者也,是禹桀之所同也。目辨白黑美恶,耳辨声音清浊,口辨酸咸甘苦,鼻辨芬芳腥臊,骨体肤理辨寒暑疾养,是又人之所常生而有也,是无待而然者也,是禹桀之所同也。可以为尧禹,可以为桀跖,可以为工匠,可以为农贾,在埶注错习俗之所积耳。是又人之所生而有也,是无待而然者也,是禹桀之所同也。为尧禹则常安荣,为桀跖则常危辱;为尧禹则常愉佚,为工匠农贾则常烦劳;然而人力为此,而寡为彼,何也?曰:陋也。尧禹者,非生而具者也,夫起于变故,成乎修为,待尽而后备者也。人之生固小人,无师无法则唯利之见耳。人之生固小人,又以遇乱世,得乱俗,是以小重小也,以乱得乱也。君子非得埶以临之,则无由得开内焉。今是人之口腹,安知礼义?安知辞让?安知廉耻隅积?亦呥呥而嚼,乡乡而饱已矣。人无师无法,则其心正其口腹也。今使人生而未尝睹刍豢稻粱也,惟菽藿糟糠之为睹,则以至足为在此也,俄而粲然有秉刍豢稻梁而至者,则瞲然视之曰:此何怪也?彼臭之而嗛于鼻,尝之而甘于口,食之而安于体,则莫不弃此而取彼矣。今以夫先王之道,仁义之统,以相群居,以相持养,以相藩饰,以相安固邪。以夫桀跖之道,是其为相县也,几直夫刍豢稻梁之县糟糠尔哉!然而人力为此,而寡为彼,何也?曰:陋也。陋也者,天下之公患也,人之大殃大害也。故曰:仁者好告示人。告之、示之、靡之、儇之、鈆之、重之,则夫塞者俄且通也,陋者俄且僩也,愚者俄且知也。是若不行,则汤武在上曷益?桀纣在上曷损?汤武存,则天下从而治,桀纣存,则天下从而乱。如是者,岂非人之情,固可与如此,可与如彼也哉!
 
  人之情,食欲有刍豢,衣欲有文绣,行欲有舆马,又欲夫余财蓄积之富也;然而穷年累世不知不足,是人之情也。今人之生也,方知畜鸡狗猪彘,又蓄牛羊,然而食不敢有酒肉;余刀布,有囷窌,然而衣不敢有丝帛;约者有筐箧之藏,然而行不敢有舆马。是何也?非不欲也,几不长虑顾后,而恐无以继之故也?于是又节用御欲,收歛蓄藏以继之也。是于己长虑顾后,几不甚善矣哉!今夫偷生浅知之属,曾此而不知也,粮食大侈,不顾其后,俄则屈安穷矣。是其所以不免于冻饿,操瓢囊为沟壑中瘠者也。况夫先王之道,仁义之统,诗书礼乐之分乎!彼固为天下之大虑也,将为天下生民之属,长虑顾后而保万世也。其流长矣,其温厚矣,其功盛姚远矣,非顺孰修为之君子,莫之能知也。故曰:短绠不可以汲深井之泉,知不几者不可与及圣人之言。夫诗书礼乐之分,固非庸人之所知也。故曰:一之而可再也,有之而可久也,广之而可通也,虑之而可安也,反鈆察之而俞可好也。以治情则利,以为名则荣,以群则和,以独则足,乐意者其是邪!
 
  夫贵为天子,富有天下,是人情之所同欲也;然则从人之欲,则埶不能容,物不能赡也。故先王案为之制礼义以分之,使有贵贱之等,长幼之差,知愚能不能之分,皆使人载其事,而各得其宜。然后使谷禄多少厚薄之称,是夫群居和一之道也。故仁人在上,则农以力尽田,贾以察尽财,百工以巧尽械器,士大夫以上至于公侯,莫不以仁厚知能尽官职。夫是之谓至平。故或禄天下,而不自以为多,或监门御旅,抱关击柝,而不自以为寡。故曰:“斩而齐,枉而顺,不同而一。”夫是之谓人伦。诗曰:“受小共大共,为下国骏蒙。”此之谓也。
 
 

  • New Sinology Title:
    Honour or disgrace piece Xun Zi of the 4th _

    New Sinology Chapter:
    Honour or disgrace piece the 4th

    New Sinology BookName:
    Xun Zi

    New Sinology Catalog:
    Child ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    discharge person, the person's disaster also; Respectful frugal person, 5 arms of also. Although have Ge Mao's thorn, the benefit that is inferior to respectful frugal also. Reason and character of person be apt to, warm at cloth and silk; Hurt the person's character, deep Yu Maoji. Ground of reason thin Bao Zhi, must not walk on, the uneasiness that be not the ground also, danger is sufficient the person that walk on without place, fan Zaiyan also. Gigantic Tu Zerang, xiaotu criterion dangers, although desire not sincerely, if the cloud does not make.

     
    Fast and the person that die, angry also, examine examine and incomplete person, jealousy also, rich and poor person, Zi Ye, clear and Yu chaotic person, mouth also, of Huan and Yu barren person, hand in also, argue and the person that do not say, contend for also, erect and disappear the person that know, get the better of also, cheap and disappear expensive person, cut also, brave and the person that do not see fear, corrupt also, believe and do not see travel of the person that respect, good also. The place Wu of this Lilliputian, and the place of gentleman is also.
     
    The person that fight, the person that forget its body also, the person that forget its are close also, the person that forget its gentleman also. Row the anger of its after a short while, and the human body with lifelong funeral, like that and do it, it is to forget its body also; Domestic room establishs incomplete, kin is unavoidable punishment unites, like that and do it, it is to forget its are close also; The place on gentleman is evil also, the place of criminal law is banned greatly also, like that and do it, it is to forget its gentleman also. Care forgets its body, forget its are close inside, its gentleman forgets on, the place that is criminal law is not abandoned also, the place of holy king not cultivate also. Breast pigs touch a tiger, lacteal dog does not travel faraway, do not forget its are close also. Person also, care forgets its body, forget its are close inside, its gentleman forgets on, it is a person also, and ever the dog pigs do not be like also.
     
    The person that every is fought, surely self-righteous, and with factitious blame also. Oneself sincere be also, person sincere blame also, it is personal gentleman, and the person as person of low position also; Kill with gentleman and Lilliputian photograph thief also, care in order to forget its body, kiss with forgetting its inside, go up in order to forget its gentleman, do not pass very! It is a person also, alleged the dagger Zuo Niu Shi with fox father also. Will think Zhi Xie? Criterion I is greatest Yan; Will think benefit evil? Kill greatest Yan; Will think Rong Xie? Criterion disgrace is greatest Yan; Will think An Xie? High greatest Yan. Of the person have bottle, he Zai? The unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease of disease of mad be puzzled that my desire belongs to? Criterion cannot, holy king puts to death again. The evil of bird rat birds and beasts that my desire belongs to? Criterion cannot, its body person, and likes and dislikes is the same as more. Of the person have bottle, he Zai? I am very ugly.
     
    The person that have the brave that the dog pigs, have merchant the brave of pilfer person, the person that have the brave of Lilliputian, have person the brave of gentleman person. Contend for food, without sense of honor, do not know dispute, do not monarch casualty, not Wei is numerous strong, of food of benefit of Mou Mouran alone see, it is the brave that the dog pigs also. For issue interest, contend for money money, without politely decline, courageous and resolute and brace up, be had an insatiable desire for suddenly and crime, of benefit of Mou Mouran alone see, be merchant the brave of pilfer also. Die gently and cruel, the brave that is Lilliputian also. Justice place, not bend at authority, ignore its interest, the whole nation and do not inspect to change to it, hold to death again justice and not oar, be person the brave of gentleman also.
     
    Zuo Zuo person, the fish of float this world also, Man thinks of water at sand, do not have capture. Be hanged at sufferring from and Sai Jin, profitless. The person that know oneself does not blame a person, the person that know a lot does not blame a weather; The person that blame a person is poor, the person that blame a weather does not have annals. The oneself that break, conversely person, not circuitous!
     
    The large fraction of honour or disgrace, the constant body with terrible safety: First justice after that benefit person flourish, first benefit after that justice person disgrace; Flourish person often connect, disgrace person Chang Qiong; The person that connect often makes a person, poor person often make at the person: The large fraction that is honour or disgrace also. Material Que person Chang Anli, the person that swing bold often is endangered; Changle of the person that bring profit is easy, the person that endanger constant care danger; Le Yi person Chang Shouchang, care danger person often die young: It is the constant body with terrible safety also.
     
    The husband is inherent evaporate civilian, have what take so: Annals meaning is sent long, the mitzvah is sent thick, wisdom Lv is sent bright, it is the emperor takes the world also. Government order law, when act, listen fair, go up to be able to arrange the order of the emperor, fall to be able to protect common people, it is vassal take a country also. Annals is repaired all right, face Guan Zhi, can arrange on on, fall to be able to keep its job, it is scholar-bureaucrat takes Tian Yi also. Record of monarch of abide law, magnanimity, punishment, figure, do not know its justice, defend its number sincerely, careful not dare increase and decrease also; According to legend of father and son, in order to hold princes and dukes, hereat although 3 generation die, treat a law to still be put, it is government-owned person 100 official take salary office also. Former Que of filial piety younger brother, Zuo employs disease force, compare its career with honest, and not dare idle is proud, it is to of or by the concubine the person takes fleshpots, immortal long inspect, lest unite at punishment also. Act the role of fallacy, article evil character, to lean on a thing, contented birth dash forward pilfer, watchful bold is cruel, turn over side with drag out an ignoble existence between troubled times, it is serpent takes danger disgrace death sentence also. Of its Lv not deep, of its choose not sincerely, its accept or reject surely , it is its high so also.
     
    Material sex knows can, gentleman as person of low position one also; Good flourish evil disgrace, good profit is evil kill, the place that is gentleman Lilliputian is the same as also; The path that is like its to beg so criterion different: Lilliputian also person, disease is absurd and desire the person's letter oneself also, disease is cheat and desire close oneself of the person also, of birds and beasts go and desire the person's be apt to oneself also; Of Lv know hard also, of travel install hard also, those who hold is difficult stand also, into it is good to do not get its place surely, encounter its place evil Yan surely. Reason gentleman person, letter, and Yi Yuren's letter oneself also; Faithful, and close oneself of Yi Yuren also; Repair normal treatment differentiate, and Yi Yuren's be apt to oneself also; The Yi Zhi of Lv also, the Yi An of travel also, held Yi Li also, into must its place is good, do not encounter its place evil Yan surely. Hereat is poor criterion not concealed, general rule is old bright, the body is dead and renown cover is white. Lilliputian there's no one who doesn't or isn't delays a neck to lift heel and wish: "Know Lv material sex, inherent with a person of virtue. " the husband does not know its and oneself to not have with different also. Criterion gentleman notes a fault when, and Lilliputian notes a fault over- also. Reason what examine as person of low position know can, enough knows his superabundant, can be with the place that is gentleman also. The An Yue jumping over a person of example, hunan person installs Hunan, gentleman An Ya. Dispute knows can material sex like that also, it is to register the section surprise with consuetudinary fault also. Benevolence justice mitzvah, the art that often brings also, however may not does not high also; Corrupt dash forward pilfer, the art that often highs also, however may not is disturbed also. Reason gentleman its constant, and Lilliputian its are strange.
     
    Laic somewhat together: Be hungry and be about to feed, cold and be about to warm, fatigue and be about to cease, good profit and evil kill, the place that is a person is born and have also, it is to not have wait for and like that person also, the place that is Yu Jie is the same as also. Eye differentiate Bai Heimei is evil, clear chaotic of ear differentiate sound, xian Gan suffers from buccal differentiate acid, urine smell of nose differentiate fragrance, disease of cold hot weather of differentiate of texture of bone body skin is raised, be the person's place often is born and have again also, it is to not have wait for and like that person also, the place that is Yu Jie is the same as also. Can be Yao Yu, can be Zhi of the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty, can be craftsman, can be farming merchant, the place with consuetudinary fault is noted to accumulate ear in . Be the person's place is born and have again also, it is to not have wait for and like that person also, the place that is Yu Jie is the same as also. Often bring glory for Yao Yu, the Zhi that it is the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty often highs disgrace; It is comfort of Chang Yu of Yao Yu criterion, it is trouble of craftsman farming Gu Zechang; However manpower is this, and few is those, he Ye? Say: Humble also. Yao Yu person, be not the person that be born and provide also, husband result misfortune, into repair for, wait for the person that have after that also. Raw firm of the person as person of low position, do not have law without division only of benefit see side. Raw firm of the person as person of low position, in order to encounter troubled times, get random custom, be with small heavy small also, get chaos with chaos also. of gentleman have to with facing, not be in a position to do sth Dekainei Yan. It is the person's food today, how to know ceremony justice? How to know politely decline? How to know border of sense of honor to accumulate? Also and chew, country country and full already. The person does not have division cannot, criterion its heart its food also. Make today life and have not see Liang Ye of haying Huan paddy, of alone beans chaff leavessing of pulse plants to see, criterion down to is sufficient for here also, e Ercan has like that grasp bridge of haying Huan paddy and the person that come, criterion Bing inspects like that say: Why is this blamed also? Those is smelly and at bazoo, taste and ready mouth, feed and be content with body, there's no one who doesn't or isn't abandons this and take the other party. Today with the husband first Wang Zhi, ren Yizhi all, with gregarious, raise with be locked in a stalemate, act the role of with photograph hedge, with bringing solid unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease. The path with Zhi of husband the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty, it is its are photograph county also, the prefectural chaff Er of bridge of paddy of haying Huan of a few straight husbands! However manpower is this, and few is those, he Ye? Say: Humble also. Humble also person, of the world fair suffer from also, big disaster of the person is killed greatly also. Friend says: Benevolence person good annunciate person. Accuse, show, of blown away by wind, of Xuan, of Zuo , heavy, criterion Russia of the person that the husband fills in and connect also, humble person presently and also, I person presently and know also. If be no good,be, criterion is Shang Wu in on how beneficial? Is name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant of the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty in on how caustic? Shang Wu is put, criterion the world is treated thereby, name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant of the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty is put, criterion the world thereby random. So person, impersonal affection, solid but with such, but with be like those also!
     
    The person's affection, appetite has haying Huan, the garment is about to have article embroider, travel desire has area horse, desire of save up of husband beyond money rich also; However poor year for many generations does not know to be not worth, the affection that is a person also. Today of the person unripe also, pig of dog of square chicken knowing cultivate pigs, harbour flocks and herds, feed however dare not have wine flesh; Cloth of more than knife, have Er , however the garment dare not have a silk; The person that make an appointment with has the Tibet that basket smalls suitcase, go to dare not have area horse however. Be He Ye? Blame not desire also, after a few not long Lv are considered, and fear having the reason with afterwards also? Then husband drive desire, harbour receiving hides with afterwards also. Be after personal long Lv is considered, a few not very be apt to! Today Jianzhizhi belongs to husband drag out an ignoble existence, ever this and do not know also, commissariat wastefuls greatly, disregard ever since, russia bends An Qiong. It is its so unavoidable at aspic hunger, the person that bursa drill gourd ladle is the barren in gully also. Kuang Fuxian Wang Zhi, ren Yizhi all, shi Shuli's happy cent! The big Lv that those solid is the world also, will be born for the world civilian belong to, after long Lv is considered and protect all ages also. Its flow grow, its are gentle and kind, its result fills Yao Yuan, blame suitable what is repaired for it gentleman, mo Zhi can know also. Friend says: Short Geng is not OK the spring of draw water deep well, know not a few person cannot with the character that reachs a wise man. Le Zhi distributes gift of husband poetry book, the place of solid blame mediocre person knows also. Friend says: One and but again also, have and but long also, wide and can connect also, of Lv and can install also, of the examine that turn over Zuo and Yu Ke is good also. In order to wipe affection criterion profit, think name criterion flourish, with group mix, with alone sufficient, willing person its are unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease!
     
    The husband is expensive for the emperor, be full of the world, the place that is favor is the same as desire also; In that case from the person desire, criterion cannot be allowed, content cannot sufficient also. Reason first king case makes ceremony justice for it in order to divide, those who make have gentle and simple wait, long young poor, know I can cent, all make the person holds its job, and each get its appropriate. Make next Gu Lu of how many thickness say, it is a husband gregarious mix a also. Reason benevolence person is going up, criterion farming use up cropland with force, gu Yicha uses up money, 100 labour fetters with be being used up opportunely implement, scholar-bureaucrat above as to fair Hou, there's no one who doesn't or isn't knows to be able to use up official position with clemency. The husband is call to smooth. Reason or salary the world, and not flatter oneself is much, or brigade of inspect door drive, hold in the arms close attack watchman's clapper, and not flatter oneself few. Friend says: "Behead and neat, crooked and suitable, different and one. " the husband is call human relations. The poem says: "Suffer small Communist Labor University in all, to issue Guo Junmeng. " this call also.
     
     
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