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卷八十·乐毅列传第二十_史记

  乐毅者,其先祖曰乐羊。乐羊为魏文侯将,伐取中山,魏文侯封乐羊以灵寿。乐羊死,葬於灵寿,其後子孙因家焉。中山复国,至赵武灵王时复灭中山,而乐氏後有乐毅。

 
  乐毅贤,好兵,赵人举之。及武灵王有沙丘之乱,乃去赵適魏。闻燕昭王以子之之乱而齐大败燕,燕昭王怨齐,未尝一日而忘报齐也。燕国小,辟远,力不能制,於是屈身下士,先礼郭隗以招贤者。乐毅於是为魏昭王使於燕,燕王以客礼待之。乐毅辞让,遂委质为臣,燕昭王以为亚卿,久之。
 
  当是时,齐湣王彊,南败楚相唐眛於重丘,西摧三晋於观津,遂与三晋击秦,助赵灭中山,破宋,广地千馀里。与秦昭王争重为帝,已而复归之。诸侯皆欲背秦而服於齐。湣王自矜,百姓弗堪。於是燕昭王问伐齐之事。乐毅对曰:“齐,霸国之馀业也,地大人众,未易独攻也。王必欲伐之,莫如与赵及楚、魏。”於是使乐毅约赵惠文王,别使连楚、魏,令赵嚪说秦以伐齐之利。诸侯害齐湣王之骄暴,皆争合从与燕伐齐。乐毅还报,燕昭王悉起兵,使乐毅为上将军,赵惠文王以相国印授乐毅。乐毅於是并护赵、楚、韩、魏、燕之兵以伐齐,破之济西。诸侯兵罢归,而燕军乐毅独追,至于临菑。齐湣王之败济西,亡走,保於莒。乐毅独留徇齐,齐皆城守。乐毅攻入临菑,尽取齐宝财物祭器输之燕。燕昭王大说,亲至济上劳军,行赏飨士,封乐毅於昌国,号为昌国君。於是燕昭王收齐卤获以归,而使乐毅复以兵平齐城之不下者。
 
  乐毅留徇齐五岁,下齐七十馀城,皆为郡县以属燕,唯独莒、即墨未服。会燕昭王死,子立为燕惠王。惠王自为太子时尝不快於乐毅,及即位,齐之田单闻之,乃纵反间於燕,曰:“齐城不下者两城耳。然所以不早拔者,闻乐毅与燕新王有隙,欲连兵且留齐,南面而王齐。齐之所患,唯恐他将之来。”於是燕惠王固已疑乐毅,得齐反间,乃使骑劫代将,而召乐毅。乐毅知燕惠王之不善代之,畏诛,遂西降赵。赵封乐毅於观津,号曰望诸君。尊宠乐毅以警动於燕、齐。
 
  齐田单後与骑劫战,果设诈诳燕军,遂破骑劫於即墨下,而转战逐燕,北至河上,尽复得齐城,而迎襄王於莒,入于临菑。
 
  燕惠王後悔使骑劫代乐毅,以故破军亡将失齐;又怨乐毅之降赵,恐赵用乐毅而乘燕之弊以伐燕。燕惠王乃使人让乐毅,且谢之曰:“先王举国而委将军,将军为燕破齐,报先王之雠,天下莫不震动,寡人岂敢一日而忘将军之功哉!会先王弃群臣,寡人新即位,左右误寡人。寡人之使骑劫代将军,为将军久暴露於外,故召将军且休,计事。将军过听,以与寡人有隙,遂捐燕归赵。将军自为计则可矣,而亦何以报先王之所以遇将军之意乎?”乐毅报遗燕惠王书曰:
 
  臣不佞,不能奉承王命,以顺左右之心,恐伤先王之明,有害足下之义,故遁逃走赵。今足下使人数之以罪,臣恐侍御者不察先王之所以畜幸臣之理,又不白臣之所以事先王之心,故敢以书对。
 
  臣闻贤圣之君不以禄私亲,其功多者赏之,其能当者处之。故察能而授官者,成功之君也;论行而结交者,立名之士也。臣窃观先王之举也,见有高世主之心,故假节於魏,以身得察於燕。先王过举,厕之宾客之中,立之群臣之上,不谋父兄,以为亚卿。臣窃不自知,自以为奉令承教,可幸无罪,故受令而不辞。
 
  先王命之曰:“我有积怨深怒於齐,不量轻弱,而欲以齐为事。”臣曰:“夫齐,霸国之馀业而最胜之遗事也。练於兵甲,习於战攻。王若欲伐之,必与天下图之。与天下图之,莫若结於赵。且又淮北、宋地,楚魏之所欲也,赵若许而约四国攻之,齐可大破也。”先王以为然,具符节南使臣於赵。顾反命,起兵击齐。以天之道,先王之灵,河北之地随先王而举之济上。济上之军受命击齐,大败齐人。轻卒锐兵,长驱至国。齐王遁而走莒,仅以身免;珠玉财宝车甲珍器尽收入于燕。齐器设於宁台,大吕陈於元英,故鼎反乎室,蓟丘之植植於汶篁,自五伯已来,功未有及先王者也。先王以为慊於志,故裂地而封之,使得比小国诸侯。臣窃不自知,自以为奉命承教,可幸无罪,是以受命不辞。
 
  臣闻贤圣之君,功立而不废,故著於春秋;蚤知之士,名成而不毁,故称於後世。若先王之报怨雪耻,夷万乘之彊国,收八百岁之蓄积,及至弃群臣之日,馀教未衰,执政任事之臣,脩法令,慎庶孽,施及乎萌隶,皆可以教後世。
 
  臣闻之,善作者不必善成,善始者不必善终。昔伍子胥说听於阖闾,而吴王远迹至郢;夫差弗是也,赐之鸱夷而浮之江。吴王不寤先论之可以立功,故沈子胥而不悔;子胥不蚤见主之不同量,是以至於入江而不化。
 
  夫免身立功,以明先王之迹,臣之上计也。离毁辱之诽谤,堕先王之名,臣之所大恐也。临不测之罪,以幸为利,义之所不敢出也。
 
  臣闻古之君子,交绝不出恶声;忠臣去国,不絜其名。臣虽不佞,数奉教於君子矣。恐侍御者之亲左右之说,不察疏远之行,故敢献书以闻,唯君王之留意焉。
 
  於是燕王复以乐毅子乐间为昌国君;而乐毅往来复通燕,燕、赵以为客卿。乐毅卒於赵。
 
  乐间居燕三十馀年,燕王喜用其相栗腹之计,欲攻赵,而问昌国君乐间。乐间曰:“赵,四战之国也,其民习兵,伐之不可。”燕王不听,遂伐赵。赵使廉颇击之,大破栗腹之军於鄗,禽栗腹、乐乘。乐乘者,乐间之宗也。於是乐间奔赵,赵遂围燕。燕重割地以与赵和,赵乃解而去。
 
  燕王恨不用乐间,乐间既在赵,乃遗乐间书曰:“纣之时,箕子不用,犯谏不怠,以冀其听;商容不达,身祇辱焉,以冀其变。及民志不入,狱囚自出,然後二子退隐。故纣负桀暴之累,二子不失忠圣之名。何者?其忧患之尽矣。今寡人虽愚,不若纣之暴也;燕民虽乱,不若殷民之甚也。室有语,不相尽,以告邻里。二者,寡人不为君取也。”
 
  乐间、乐乘怨燕不听其计,二人卒留赵。赵封乐乘为武襄君。
 
  其明年,乐乘、廉颇为赵围燕,燕重礼以和,乃解。後五岁,赵孝成王卒。襄王使乐乘代廉颇。廉颇攻乐乘,乐乘走,廉颇亡入魏。其後十六年而秦灭赵。
 
  其後二十馀年,高帝过赵,问:“乐毅有後世乎?”对曰:“有乐叔。”高帝封之乐卿,号曰华成君。华成君,乐毅之孙也。而乐氏之族有乐瑕公、乐臣公,赵且为秦所灭,亡之齐高密。乐臣公善修黄帝、老子之言,显闻於齐,称贤师。
 
  太史公曰:始齐之蒯通及主父偃读乐毅之报燕王书,未尝不废书而泣也。乐臣公学黄帝、老子,其本师号曰河上丈人,不知其所出。河上丈人教安期生,安期生教毛翕公,毛翕公教乐瑕公,乐瑕公教乐臣公,乐臣公教盖公。盖公教於齐高密、胶西,为曹相国师。
 
  昌国忠谠,人臣所无。连兵五国,济西为墟。燕王受间,空闻报书。义士慷慨,明君轼闾。间、乘继将,芳规不渝。



  • New Sinology Title:
    Roll biographies of 80 · Le Yi the 20th _ history write down

    New Sinology Chapter:
    Roll biographies of 80 · Le Yi the 20th

    New Sinology BookName:
    History write down

    New Sinology Catalog:
    History ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    Le Yi person, its first Zu Yuele sheep. Le Yang is Wei Wenhou will, cut down takes Zhongshan, wei Wenhou seals happy Yang Yiling birthday. Le Yang is dead, bury Wu Lingshou, its after descendants because domestic Yan. Zhongshan answer country, to Zhao Wu Ling Wang Shifu destroys Zhongshan, and after of happy family name has Le Yi.

     
    Le Yixian, good soldier, zhao Ren lifts. King of the spirit that reach fierce has the chaos of dune, go therefore Zhao Zuo the Kingdom of Wei. Hear the swallow of random and neat defeat utterly of swallow clear Wang Yizi, swallow clear Wang Yuanqi, have not a day and Qi Ye forgetting a reply. Swallow country is small, monarch is far, force cannot be made, at it is the corporal that bend a body, first ceremony Guo Kui Yizhao virtuous person. Le Yi at it is to be Wei Zhao king to make Wu Yan, swallow king waits for with guest ceremony. Le Yi politely decline, then appoint it is me character, swallow clear king thinks inferior dear, for a long time.
     
    Should be when, of neat king, wu Chongqiu of Chu Xiangtang Bao is defeated south, on the west break 3 Jin Wuguan ferry, attack the Qin Dynasty with 3 advance then, aid Zhao to destroy Zhongshan, defeat the Song Dynasty, extensive land in 1000 Yu. With Qin Zhao Wang Zheng is the Supreme Being again, soon of revert. Vassal all be about to bear a surname and take Wu Qi. Pity of Wang Zi, common people nots can. King of Wu Shiyan clear asks cut down neat thing. Le Yi is opposite: "Neat, the Yu course of study of bully country also, ground adult is numerous, attack not easily alone also. Of cut down of Wang Bi desire, it would be better and Zhao reach Hunan, the Kingdom of Wei. " at it is to make Le Yi makes an appointment with Zhao Huiwen king, do not make connect Hunan, the Kingdom of Wei, your Zhao says the interest with Qin Yi neat cut down. Vassal the arrogant that kills neat king is cruel, all contend for close from with Yan Faqi. Le Yi returns a newspaper, the arms since all of swallow clear king, make Le Yi is admiral army, king of Zhao benefit article imprints with photograph country award Le Yi. Le Yi at it is to protect Zhao, Hunan, Han, the Kingdom of Wei, Yan Zhibing with cut down neat, broken aid on the west. Vassal troops stops return, and Yan Jun Le Yi is chased after alone, as to face Qia . Neat Wang Zhi defeats aid on the west, die, protect at Ju. Le Yi stays alone give into neat, neat all castellan. Le Yi is scored face Qia , use up the swallow that sacrificial utensil of property of make even treasure is defeated by. Swallow clear king says greatly, go up to aid in person Lao Jun, admire all right provide dinner for person, seal Le Yi Wu Changguo, date is Chang Guojun. King of Wu Shiyan clear receives neat bittern to obtain in order to return, and make Le Yi answer the person do not fall with arms Ping Qicheng.
     
    Le Yi stays give into neat 5 years old, below neat 70 Yu city, all be county county in order to belong to swallow, only alone Ju, namely Chinese ink was not taken. King of meeting swallow clear is dead, child king of Li Weiyan benefit. Benefit tastes unhappy Wu Leyi when Wang Ziwei prince, reach accession, neat Tian Chan hears, it is Wu Yan of vertical sow distrust or dissension among one's enemies, say: "The person that Qi Cheng does not fall two cities ear. The person that unplug not early so like that, wen Leyi and Yan Xin Wang You are unoccupied place, desire Lian Bing and stay neat, south and Wang Qi. Qi Zhi is sufferred from, wary he will come. " king of Wu Shiyan benefit originallies already doubt Le Yi, get neat sow distrust or dissension among one's enemies, make ride disaster therefore era general, and call together Le Yi. Le Yi knows the not good at era of swallow benefit king, wei kill, zhao falls on the west then. Zhao seals Le Yi Wu Guanjin, number says look at Zhu Jun. Honour bestow favor on Le Yi with alarm move Wu Yan, neat.
     
    Neat cropland odd after and battle riding disaster, set cheat Kuang Yan Jun if really, defeat Wu Jimo riding disaster to fall then, and fight in some places one by one chases swallow, north comes on the river, all regain Qi Cheng, and the king that receive help at Ju, enter at facing Qia .
     
    Repent of swallow benefit king makes ride disaster Dai Leyi, defeat with reason army die will break neat; Complain Le Yi again fall Zhao, the abuse that fear Zhao using Le Yi and takes swallow with cut down swallow. Swallow benefit king makes the person lets Le Yi therefore, and Xie Zhi says: "First king the whole nation and appoint general, the general is defeated for swallow neat, newspaper first Wang Zhi Chou, the world there's no one who doesn't or isn't shakes, the sovereign you flatter me a day and the merit that overlooks a general! Meeting first Wang Qiqun's official, the sovereign new accession, the left and right sides by accident the sovereign. Of the sovereign make ride disaster acting general, for the general long expose at outside, general of reason call together and cease, plan thing. The general listens too, with having with the sovereign unoccupied place, contribute swallow to put in Zhao 's charge then. The general is oneself plan criterion but, and why to also sign up for first does Wang Zhi meet the general's desire so? " book of king of benefit of swallow of involuntary discharge of urine of Le Yi newspaper says:
     
    Official not given to flattery, cannot flatter king life, in order to arrange right-and-left heart, fear first Wang Zhiming, of harmful you justice, reason escape walks along Zhao. Today you makes of the number with the blame, the person that I fear Shi Yu not examine first Wang Zhi so cultivate Xing Chenzhi manages, not white official beforehand Wang Zhi heart, reason dare is opposite with the book.
     
    The gentleman of official Wen Xiansheng does not kiss with salary illicit, its work is much person admire, the person that its can be become is in. Reason examine can and the person that give an official, successful gentleman also; Theory go and associate with person, establish a name person also. I are stolen view first Wang Zhi is lifted also, see the heart that has Gao Shizhu, wu Wei of friend false red-letter day, get Cha Wuyan with the body. First Wang Guo is lifted, lavatory in guest, over Li Zhiqun's official, do not plan head of a family, think inferior dear. I are stolen do not know oneself, flatter oneself Feng Lingcheng teachs, can I hope innocent, reason suffers make and not demit.
     
    First Wang Mingzhi says: "I have Wu Qi of accumulated rancor deep anger, do not measure lose gently, and desire with Qi Wei thing. " I say: "The husband is neat, the Yu course of study of bully country and most the incidents of past ages that get the better of also. Lian Wubing armour, review Wu Zhan is attacked. Of cut down of Wang Re desire, pursue with the world surely. Pursue with the world, not be like knot Wu Zhao. And north of the Huaihe River, Song De, chu Wei's place desire also, zhao Re is made and make an appointment with Shikoku to attack, qi Ke is defeated greatly also. " first king think like that, make south the section that have magic figures drawn by Taoist priests to invoke or expel spirits and bring good or ill fortune official Wu Zhao. Consider return a lot, case arms attack neat. The path with the day, first Wang Zhiling, the ground of Heibei is followed first on Wang Erju's aid. On aid army recieve orders attack neat, defeat utterly neat person. Arms of light soldier acute, make a long drive comes country. Qi Wangdun and walk along Ju, avoid with the body only; Precious of armour of car of bead jade money and valuables implement use up income Yu Yan. Neat implement set Wu Ning stage, wu Yuanying of big Lv Chen, reason vessel is turned over room, the bamboo grove of Zhi Zhiwu short of Wenshui River of setose thiste grave, from 5 uncle already came, result have no reach first Wang Zhe also. First king think Qian Wu Zhi, reason splits the land and seal, make vassaller than Xiaoguo. I are stolen do not know oneself, flatter oneself acts under orders bear religion, can I hope innocent, be in order to recieve orders not demit.
     
    I hear the gentleman of virtuous emperor, result stand and do not abandon, reason writes Wu Chunqiu; Flea knows person, the name is become and do not destroy, friend says at later generations. If first the newspaper of king is complained avenge an insult, exterminate the 10 thousand countries that take, the save up that closes 800 years old, until abandons the day of group of official, yu teaching did not decline, be in office the official that assumes a responsibility, Man law, evil of careful be the concubine, apply reach bud be subordinate to, all can teach later generations.
     
    I hear, author of be apt to need not be apt to is become, be apt to only then person need not die a natural death. All of former times Wu Zi says to listen to Wu He gate, and Wu Wangyuan is slash to capital of the State of Chu; Husband difference nots is also, favor Chi smooths and the river of float. What Wu Wang does not awake to be talked first is OK make contributions, reason Shen Zi petties official and not regret; Child all not flea sees advocate different amount, it is down to Wu Rujiang and do not change.
     
    The husband exempts body render meritorious service, with bright first Wang Zhi is slash, over official plan also. Calumniatory from what destroy disgrace, fall first the name of king, official's place fears greatly also. Face the hardship of accident, with Xing Weili, justice place dare not go out also.
     
    I hear ancient gentleman, hand in do not give evil voice absolutely; Official loyal to his sovereign goes country, not Jian its name. Official although not given to flattery, number acts according to Jiao Wujun child. Of the close left and right sides of the person that fear Shi Yu say, not the travel with aloof examine, reason dare show a book in order to hear, only the advertent Yan of emperor.
     
    Wu Shiyan Wang Fu with Le Yi child happy a monarch that it is prosperous; And Le Yi come-and-go answer connect swallow, swallow, Zhao thinks a person from one feudal state serving in the court of another. Le Yicu Wu Zhao.
     
    Happy a Ju Yan 30 Yu year, yan Wangxi uses abdomen of its photograph chestnut plan, be about to attack Zhao, and monarch asking prosperous is happy. Happy say: "Zhao, the country of 4 battle also, its arms of civilian be used to, of cut down cannot. " swallow king does not listen, satisfy cut down Zhao. Zhao makes cheap is attacked quite, of abdomen of old broken chestnut army at Zuo , birds chestnut abdomen, Le Cheng. The happy person that multiply, happy between ancestor also. Zhao runs quickly between Wu Shile, zhao Sui surrounds swallow. Swallow weighs cede territory with be being mixed with Zhao, zhao Nai is solved and go.
     
    Swallow king is hated need not happy, happy be in already Zhao, offer as a gift therefore happy the book says: "Name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant when, dustpan child need not, make expostulate with not idle, with Ji Jiting; Business look is not amounted to, yan of body Dai disgrace, change with Ji Ji. Reach civilian annals to be not entered, jail prisoner goes oneself, like that after 2 child retire. Negative the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty of reason name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant is cruel tired, 2 child the name that does not lose faithful emperor. Why person? Of its hardship use up. Today the sovereign although I, what not be like name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant is cruel also; Although Yan Min is random, not be like Yan Min very also. Room have language, do not use up, in order to accuse neighborhood.
     
    Happy, Le Cheng complains swallow not to listen its plan, 2 people soldier leaves Zhao. Zhao seals Le Cheng to be Wu Xiangjun.
     
    Its next year, le Cheng, cheap very Zhao Weiyan, yan Chongli in order to mix, it is solution. After is 5 years old, zhao filial piety becomes Wang Cu. Assist king makes Le Cheng acting cheap quite. Cheap attacks Le Cheng quite, le Cheng goes, cheap dies quite the Kingdom of Wei. Its after 16 years and the Qin Dynasty destroys Zhao.
     
    Its after 20 Yu year, gao Di crosses Zhao, ask: "Does Le Yi have later generations? " to saying: "Have Le Shu. " Gao Difeng's Le Qing, number says Hua Chengjun. Hua Chengjun, le Yi's Sun Ye. And of happy family name a group of things with common features have Le Xia Le Chen is fair, fair, zhao Ju is place of the Qin Dynasty to destroy, the neat high density that die. Happy official public good writes the speech of Huang Di, father, show Wen Wuqi, weigh virtuous division.
     
    Too history fair say: Only then neat Kuai Tong and advocate the Wang Shu signing up for swallow that father cease reads Le Yi, do not have not not abandon a book and sob also. Le Chen is fair learn Huang Di, father, its this division number says the wife's father on the river, do not know its place to go out. The wife's father on the river teachs An Jisheng, an Jisheng teachs Mao Xigong, mao Xigong Jiao Lexia is fair, happy defect fair Jiao Lechen is fair, le Chen is fair teach a lid fair. The shell is public teach Wu Qi high density, glue on the west, for division of Cao photograph state.
     
    Chang Guozhong honest, person official place is not had. Lian Bing 5 countries, aid is ruins on the west. Between swallow Wang Shou, hear newspaper book for nothing. Generosity of a righteous person, ming Junshi gate. , multiply afterwards general, fragrant compasses not change.


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