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致思_孔子家语

章节: 致思
书名: 孔子家语
类目: 子部
原作者:
朝代:
写作年代: 约公元前171年  至  公元后805年
视频: 致思_孔子家语
音频: 致思_孔子家语
新国学:
  孔子北遊於農山,子路子貢顏淵侍側.孔子四望,喟然而嘆曰:「於斯致思,無所不至矣.二三子各言爾志,吾將擇焉.子路進曰:「由願得白羽若月,赤羽若日,鍾鼓之音,上震於天,旍旗繽紛,下蟠于地,由當一隊而敵之,必也攘地千里,搴旗執聝,唯由能之,使二子者從我焉.」夫子曰:「勇哉.」子貢復進曰:「賜願使齊楚合戰於漭瀁之野,兩壘相望,塵埃相接,挺刃交兵,賜著縞衣白冠,陳說其間,推論利害,釋國之患,唯賜能之,使夫二子者從我焉.」夫子曰:「辯哉.」顏回退而不對.孔子曰:「回來,汝奚獨無願乎?」顏回對曰:「文武之事,則二子者,既言之矣,回何云焉.」孔子曰:「雖然,各言爾志也,小子言之.」對曰:「回聞薰蕕不同器而藏,堯桀不共國而治,以其類異也,回願得明王聖主輔相之,敷其五教,導之以禮樂,使民城郭不修,溝池不越,鑄劍戟以為農器,放牛馬於原藪,室家無離曠之思,千歲無戰鬥之患,則由無所施其勇,而賜無所用其辯矣.」夫子凜然曰:「美哉!德也.」子路抗手而對曰:「夫子何選焉?」孔子曰:「不傷財,不害民,不繁詞,則顏氏之子有矣.」

 
  魯有儉嗇者,瓦鬲煮食,食之,自謂其美,盛之土型之器,以進孔子.孔子受之,歡然而悅,如受大牢之饋.子路曰:「瓦甂,陋器也,煮食,薄膳也,夫子何喜之如此乎?」子曰:「夫好諫者思其君,食美者念其親.吾非以饌具之為厚,以其食厚而我思焉.」孔子之楚,而有漁者,而獻魚焉,孔子不受.漁者曰:「天暑市遠,無所鬻也,思慮棄之糞壤,不如獻之君子,故敢以進焉.」於是夫子再拜受之,使弟子掃地將以享祭.門人曰:「彼將棄之,而夫子以祭之,何也?」孔子曰:「吾聞諸惜其腐〈食念〉,而欲以務施者,仁人之偶也,惡有受仁人之饋,而無祭者乎?」
 
  季羔為衛之士師,刖人之足,俄而衛有蒯聵之亂,季羔逃之,走郭門,刖者守門焉.謂季羔曰:「彼有竇.」季羔曰:「君子不踰.」又曰:「彼有竇.」季羔曰:「君子不隧.」又曰:「於此有室.」季羔乃入焉.既而追者罷,季羔將去,謂刖者:「吾不能虧主之法而親刖子之足矣,今吾在難,此正子之報怨之時,而逃我者三,何故哉?」刖者曰:「斷足固我之罪,無可奈何,曩者君治臣以法令,先人後臣,欲臣之免也,臣知獄決罪定,臨當論刑,君愀然不樂,見君顏色,臣又知之,君豈私臣哉?天生君子,其道固然,此臣之所以悅君也.」孔子聞之曰:「善哉為吏,其用法一也.思仁恕則樹德,加嚴暴則樹怨,公以行之,其子羔乎.」
 
  孔子曰:「季孫之賜我粟千鍾也,而交益親,自南宮敬叔之乘我車也,而道加行.故道雖貴,必有時而後重,有勢而後行,微夫二子之貺財,則丘之道,殆將廢矣.」
 
  孔子曰:「王者有似乎春秋,文王以王季為父,以太任為母,以太姒為妃,以武王周公為子,以太顛閎天為臣,其本美矣.武王正其身以正其國,正其國以正天下,伐無道,刑有罪,一動而天下正,其事成矣.春秋致其時而萬物皆及,王者致其道而萬民皆治,周公載己行化,而天下順之,其誠至矣.」
 
  曾子曰:「入是國也,言信於群臣,而留可也;見忠於卿大夫,則仕可也;澤施於百姓,則富可也.」孔子曰:「參之言此可謂善安身矣.」子路為蒲宰,為水備,與其民修溝瀆,以民之勞煩苦也,人與之一簞食一壺漿.孔子聞之,使子貢止之.子路忿不悅,徃見孔子,曰:「由也以暴雨將至,恐有水災,故與民修溝洫以備之,而民多匱餓者,是以簞食壺漿而與之.夫子使賜止之,是夫子止由之行仁也.夫子以仁教而禁其行,由不受也.」孔子曰:「汝以民為餓也,何不白於君,發倉廩以賑之,而私以爾食饋之,是汝明君之無惠,而見己之德美矣.汝速已則可,不則汝之見罪必矣.」
 
  子路問於孔子曰:「管仲之為人何如?」子曰:「仁也.」子路曰:「昔管仲說襄公,公不受,是不辯也;欲立公子糾而不能,是不智也;家殘於齊,而無憂色,是不慈也;桎梏而居檻車,無慚心,是無醜也;事所射之君,是不貞也;召忽死之,管仲不死,是不忠也.仁人之道,固若是乎?」孔子曰:「管仲說襄公,襄公不受,公之闇也;欲立子糾而不能,不遇時也;家殘於齊而無憂色,是知權命也;桎梏而無慚心,自裁審也;事所射之君,通於變也;不死子糾,量輕重也.夫子糾未成君,管仲未成臣,管仲才度義,管仲不死束縛,而立功名,未可非也.召忽雖死,過與取仁,未足多也.」
 
  孔子適齊,中路聞哭者之聲,其音甚哀.孔子謂其僕曰:「此哭哀則哀矣,然非喪者之哀矣.」驅而前,少進,見有異人焉,擁鐮帶素,哭者不哀.孔子下車,追而問曰:「子何人也?」對曰:「吾丘吾子也.」曰:「子今非喪之所,奚哭之悲也?」丘吾子曰:「吾有三失,晚而自覺,悔之何及.」曰:「三失可得聞乎?願子告吾,無隱也.」丘吾子曰:「吾少時好學,周遍天下,後還喪吾親,是一失也;長事齊君,君驕奢失士,臣節不遂,是二失也;吾平生厚交,而今皆離絕,是三失也.夫樹欲靜而風不停,子欲養而親不待,徃而不來者年也,不可再見者親也,請從此辭,遂投水而死.」孔子曰:「小子識之,斯足為戒矣.自是弟子辭歸養親者十有三.」
 
  孔子謂伯魚曰:「鯉乎,吾聞可以與人終日不倦者,其唯學焉.其容體不足觀也,其勇力不足憚也,其先祖不足稱也,其族姓不足道也.終而有大名,以顯聞四方,流聲後裔者,豈非學之效也.故君子不可以不學.其容不可以不飭,不飭無類,無類失親,失親不忠,不忠失禮,失禮不立.夫遠而有光者,飭也;近而愈明者,學也.譬之汙池,水潦注焉,雚葦生焉,雖或以觀之,孰知其源乎.」
 
  子路見於孔子曰:「負重涉遠,不擇地而休,家貧親老,不擇祿而仕.昔者由也,事二親之時,常食藜藿之實,為親負米百里之外.親歿之後,南遊於楚,從車百乘,積粟萬鍾,累茵而坐,列鼎而食,願欲食藜藿,為親負米,不可復得也.枯魚銜索,幾何不蠹,二親之壽,忽若過隙.」孔子曰:「由也事親,可謂生事盡力,死事盡思者也.」
 
  孔子之郯,遭程子於塗,傾蓋而語,終日,甚相親.顧謂子路曰:「取束帛以贈先生.」子路屑然對曰:「由聞之士不中間見,女嫁無媒,君子不以交禮也.」有間,又顧謂子路.子路又對如初.孔子曰:「由,詩不云乎:『有美一人,清揚宛兮,邂逅相遇,適我願兮.』今程子,天下賢士也,於斯不贈,則終身弗能見也,小子行之.」
 
  孔子自衛反魯,息駕于河梁而觀焉.有懸水三十仞,圜流九十里,魚鱉不能導,黿鼉不能居.有一丈夫方將厲之,孔子使人並涯止之曰:「此懸水三十仞,圜流九十里,魚鱉黿鼉不能居也,意者難可濟也.」丈夫不以措意,遂渡而出.孔子問之,曰:「子乎有道術乎,所以能入而出者,何也?」丈夫對曰:「始吾之入也,先以忠信,及吾之出也,又從以忠信,忠信措吾軀於波流,而吾不敢以用私,所以能入而復出也.」孔子謂弟子曰:「二三子識之,水且猶可以忠信成身親之,而況於人乎!」
 
  孔子將行,雨而無蓋.門人曰:「商也有之.」孔子曰:「商之為人也,甚恡於財,吾聞與人交,推其長者,違其短者故能久也.」楚王渡江,江中有物大如斗,圓而赤,直觸王舟,舟人取之,王大怪之,遍問群臣,莫之能識.王使使聘于魯,問於孔子.子曰:「此所謂萍實者也,可剖而食也,吉祥也,唯霸者為能獲焉.」使者反,王遂食之,大美.久之使來以告魯大夫,大夫因子游問曰:「夫子何以知其然乎?」曰:「吾昔之鄭,過乎陳之野,聞童謠曰:『楚王渡江得萍實,大如斗,赤如日,剖而食之甜如蜜.』此是楚王之應也.吾是以知之.」
 
  子貢問於孔子曰:「死者有知乎?將無知乎?」子曰:「吾欲言死之有知,將恐孝子順孫妨生以送死;吾欲言死之無知,將恐不孝之子棄其親而不葬.賜不欲知死者有知與無知,非今之急,後自知之.」
 
  子貢問治民於孔子.子曰:「懍懍焉若持腐索之扞馬.」子貢曰:「何其畏也?」孔子曰:「夫通達御皆人也,以道導之,則吾畜也;不以道導之,則吾讎也.如之何其無畏也.」
 
  魯國之法,贖人臣妾于諸侯者,皆取金於府,子貢贖之,辭而不取金.孔子聞之曰:「賜失之矣.夫聖人之舉事也,可以移風易俗,而教導可以施之於百姓,非獨適身之行也,今魯國富者寡而貧者眾,贖人受金則為不廉,則何以相贖乎?自今以後,魯人不復贖人於諸侯.」
 
  子路治蒲,請見於孔子曰:「由願受教於夫子.」子曰:「蒲其如何?」對曰:「邑多壯士,又難治也.」子曰:「然,吾語爾,恭而敬,可以攝勇;寬而正,可以懷強;愛而恕,可以容困;溫而斷,可以抑姦.如此而加之,則正不難矣.」

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    Confucius north Zuo at Zuo hill, child of serve of of way Zuo Zuo . Confucius 4 look, sigh however says: " at Si Zhisai, place does not come. 23 child annals of each character , yan of my . Child road Zuo says: " get Bai Yu to be like a month by Zuo , chi Yu is like day, the sound that Zuo rouses, go up shake Wu Tian, Ji of banner Kui , next coil at the ground, by one Zuo and of , also reject surely ground a thousand li, Long of Qian banner , only by can, make 2 child person my Yan. " the master says: " Yong Zai. " child Zuo Zuo says: " Zuo Zuo makes Zuo Hunan adds up to at Mang wild, photograph looks, dust is conterminous, hold out blade be at war, Zuo writes Jun Yi Baiguan, Zuo Zha its Zuo , push Zha terrible, of Zuo suffer from, only Zuo can, make husband 2 child person my Yan. " the master says: " Zuo . " Zuo is answered retreat and not . Confucius says: " answer , Zuo of of Ru Xi ? " Zuo answers to say: " the thing of civil and military, 2 child person, already of character, answer He Yunyan. " Confucius says: " Zuo like that, annals of each character also, of boy character. " says: " answer Long Sheng aing kind of sweet grass to differ implement and Tibet, the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty not in all and treat, with its Zuo also, answer Zuo to get bright king Long advocate of Zuo photograph, apply its 5 religion, of with Die , make civilian inner and outer city walls is not repaired, pool is not jumped over, Zuo halberd with Zuo implement, put Shu of bovine Zuo Wu Yuan, of of Zuo of room home think of, of Zuo of of 1000 suffer from, applies its brave by place, and Zuo place uses its Zuo . " master says like that: " beautiful! Heart also. " child the road fights a hand and says: " master why Zuo Yan? " Confucius says: " not Zuo , do not kill civilian, not numerous Yu , of Zuo child have. "

     
    The person that Zuo has , made of baked clay Ge is boiled feed, those who feed, from Zheng its are beautiful, flourishing earth implement, with Zuo Confucius. Confucius suffers, however , if suffer the Zuo of jail. Child the way says: " made of baked clay , humble implement also, boil feed, small meals also, what why the master is fond of is such? " child say: " husband good Zheng person Sai Jijun, the person that feed the United States reads aloud its Yin . The that my blame provide with Zuo is thick, feed with its thick and I think of Yan. " the Hunan of Confucius, and the person that have , and Zuo Yan, confucius does not suffer. person say: " Zuo of day heat city, place sells also, consider the Ji area of , be inferior to the gentleman of , reason dare with Zuo Yan. " at it is the master is done obeisance to again those who suffer, make of child ground in order to enjoy hold a memorial ceremony for. Zuo person says: " of those , and master with hold a memorial ceremony for, he Ye? " Confucius says: " cherish of my Long Zheng its corrupt < feed read aloud > , and the person that be about to apply with , of benevolence person occasionally also, has the Zuo that gets benevolence person, and hold a memorial ceremony for person? "
     
    The person of Xiao of season kid , of person of cutting of the feet sufficient, presently and the that Xiao has Long of a surnamewool grass, season kid escapes, walk along Guo Zuo , cutting of the feet person the Yan that defend Zuo . Zheng season kid says: " those has Fu . " season kid says: " gentleman not Zuo . " say again: " those has Fu . " season kid says: " gentleman not Sui. " say again: " have at this room. " season kid enters Yan therefore. Li of the person that chase after subsequently, season kid goes, Zheng cutting of the feet person: " I cannot Ta advocate law and Yin cutting of the feet child sufficient, today I is in Zuo , this child the that complains, and escape I person 3, why reason? " cutting of the feet person say: " sufficient solid my blame, but how, gentleman of the person that former treats me with the law, forefathers after official, desire of official avoid also, I know blame to decide, punishment of Ning Zha , gentleman is sorrowful-looking not , mr Yao Zuo is lubricious, I know again, gentleman Zuo illicit official? Inherent gentleman, its admittedly, this official Mr also. " of Confucius Long say: " be apt to official, its usage one also. Consider virtue of of Ren Shu , add of cruel to complain, fair with going, its child kid. "
     
    Confucius says: " the Zuo of season Zuo of my Su Qian also, and the Yin that make profit, from south Jing Shuzhi multiplies my Zuo also, and path add row. Zuo of cause course Zuo , have surely and after is heavy, have and after goes, small husband 2 child Zuo Zuo , Qiu Zhi, almost . "
     
    Confucius says: " Wang Zhe has it seems that age, father of of season of civil Wangyi king, aether holds the post of mother, the wife of a prince of aether Si , with Wu Wangzhou fair child, official of of day of aether Zuo Zuo , its this beauty. Wu Wangzheng its body with its , its with the world, cut down , punishment is guilty, one and the world, its thing is become. Age sends its and Qu content all is reached, wang Zhe sends his to and Qu civilian all is treated, personal travel changes Zhou Gong Zuo , and of the world Zuo , its Zha comes. "
     
    Ceng Zi says: " entering is also, character believes Wu Qunchen, and stay but also; Faithful Yao Dr Wu Qing, be an official but also; Shi Wubai is surnamed, is rich but also. " Confucius says: " the character of this but Zheng be apt to makes his home. " child road cattail is slaughtered, water , Ning its civilian the that repair , with civilian is sufferred from also, Ha feeds one of person Ning one . Of Confucius Long , make child Zuo stops. Child road angry not , Yao Confucius, say: " by also come with rainstorm , fear having water , reason Ning civilian the Xu that repair with , and civilian much Zuo person, be feed with Ha and of Ning . The master makes Zuo stops, it is the master stops by travel benevolence also. Master with benevolence teach and ban its to go, by do not suffer also. " Confucius says: " Zuo of Ru Yimin also, why not white Wu Jun, with Zuo , and illicit feed Zuo with , it is benefit of Ru Mingjun, and Yao personal heart is beautiful. You fast already but, not blame of Yao of Ru Zhi needs. "
     
    Child road Wu Kongzi says: " how about of person of Guan Zhongzhi ? " child say: " benevolence also. " child the way says: " assist of Zha of intermediate of former times canal is fair, fair do not suffer, be not Zuo also; Be about to establish childe Ji and cannot, it is impolicy also; Domestic at Zuo , and color, it is not to mother also; Fetters and handcuffs and the Zuo that reside , heart, it is Zuo also; The gentleman that work place shoots, be not Zuo also; Call together dies suddenly, guan Zhong is not dead, it is disloyal also. The path of benevolence person, solid if? " Confucius says: " assist of Guan Zhong Zha is fair, assist is fair do not suffer, fair Zuo also; Be about to stand child Ji and cannot, do not encounter also; Domestic at Zuo is lubricious, it is life knowing also; Fetters and handcuffs and heart, commit suicide also; The gentleman that work place shoots, connect at Zhu also; Not dead child Ji , quantity Zuo is heavy also. Master Ji did not become supreme ruler, guan Zhong did not become me, guan Zhongcai spends Li , guan Zhong does not die bundle of Jun , and make contributions name, cannot is not also. Call together ignore Zuo is dead, Zuo Ning is taken benevolence, not sufficient much also. "
     
    Confucius Zuo Zuo , the Long of the person that road Long cries in, its sound very sad. Confucius Zheng its says: " this cries sad sad, of the person that be not like that sad. " Zuo and before, little Zuo , Yao has person Yan, element of Zuo , the person that cry not sad. Confucius issues Zuo , chase after and says: " child He Ren also? " says: " my Qiu Wu child also. " say: " child the place that is not today, the Bei that why cries also? " Qiu Wu child say: " I has 3 to break, late and from Yin , of regret why to reach. " say: " 3 break can you get Long ? Zuo child accuse me, Zuo also. " Qiu Wu child say: " my little good , all around the world, my Yin of after Zuo , it is to be broken also; Zuo thing Mr Zuo , Zuo excessive breaks gentleman person, official Geng fails, be 2 break also; My all one's life are thick hand in, now all Zuo Jian , be 3 break also. Husband desire Zuo and Zuo is ceaseless, child desire Zuo and Yin prep before, and not person year also, cannot again Yao person Yin also, Zha this Zuo , throw water then and die. " Confucius says: " of boy Zhu , this sufficient give up. Yin of Zuo of of naturally child Zuo person 10 have 3. "
     
    Confucius Zheng uncle Zuo says: " Zuo , my Long are OK tireless of day of Ning person Jian person, its only Yan. Its allow Zuo to be not worth Yin also, its brave force is not worth also, its first ancestor insufficient Er also, its unimportance of a group of things with common features surname also. Jian and have a name, with Zuo Long all directions, the person that shed Long descendant, the effect of Zuo blame also. Reason gentleman not need not . Its are allowed not need not Zuo , not Zuo Zuo , Zuo breaks Yin , break Yin disloyal, disloyal break Die , break Die not to stand. Husband Zuo and glazed person, Zuo also; Close and more bright person, also. The pool of example, shui Lao notes Yan, Zuo Qu gives birth to Yan, Zuo or with Yin , what knows its cause. "
     
    Child road Yao Wu Kongzi says: " Zuo weighs experience Zuo , not ground and cease, domestic Zuo Yin is old, not Dai and be an official. Former times person by also, thing the of 2 Yin , often feed goosefoot the that leaves of pulse plants, besides a hunderd li of rice of Yin Zuo . The after of Yin , south Zuo Wu Chu, Zuo 100 by, Zuo of Er millet Qu , tired mattress and sit, list a vessel and feed, Zuo is about to feed goosefoot leaves of pulse plants, rice of Yin Zuo , cannot is gotten also. Withered Zuo Zuo alls alone, why not moth, the of 2 Yin , be like Zuo suddenly unoccupied place. " Confucius says: " by also thing Yin , but force of Bao of Zheng make trouble, the person that dead thing Bao is thought of also. "
     
    The Tan of Confucius, meet with Cheng Ziwu , San and Zha , Jian day, very photograph Yin . Zuo Zheng child the way says: " take Shu Bo with Mr Zuo . " child road bits like that says: " by Long person bos Zuo Yao , female marry intermediary, gentleman not in order to hand in Die also. " have Zuo , Zuo Zheng child road. Child road if first. Confucius says: " by, Yu not the cloud: "Have one person of United States, clear Wan Xi, encounter encountering, Zuo my Zuo . " today Cheng Zi, the world Zuo person also, wu Si not Zuo , Jian body nots can Yao also, boy goes. "
     
    Confucius turns over Zuo from Xiao , breath Zuo at river bridge Yin Yan. Water having 30 an ancient measure of length equal to seven or eight chi, zhuan3huan2 sheds 90 lis, Zuo Zuo cannot , Zuo Zuo cannot be resided. Have of one husband square , confucius makes person limit stops say: " this water 30 an ancient measure of length equal to seven or eight chi, zhuan3huan2 sheds 90 lis, Zuo of Zuo Zuo Zuo cannot be resided also, meaning person Zuo but also. " the husband not with arrange meaning, be crossed then and go out. Of Confucius , say: " child have Xiao , the person that can be entered so and go out, he Ye? " marital says: " only then my enter also, xian Yizhong is believed, reach me piece also, with faithful letter, my Zuo Wu Bo sheds faithful letter arrange, and I not dare in order to use illicit, can be entered so and goes out also. " Confucius Zheng child says: " 23 child of Zhu , water and is OK faithful letter becomes body Yin , and Wu Ren! "
     
    Confucius goes, rain and San . Zuo person says: " business also has. " Confucius says: " the person of business also, very at Zuo , person of my Long Ning is handed in, the person that push its Zuo , Zuo its are short person reason can be long also. " Chu Wangdu river, there is content to be like greatly in the river bottle, and bare, straight Yin Wang Zhou, boat person takes, wang Da is strange, all over group official, mo Zhi can Zhu . King make make hire at Zuo , Wu Kongzi. Child say: " of this Zheng duckweed person also, but analyse and feed also, lucky also, only bully person can Yan. " emissary is turned over, wang Sui feeds, great beauty. Make for a long time in order to tell Dr Zuo , doctor factor swims says: " why does the master know his like that? " say: " the Zuo of my former times, Zuo of Zuo wild, Long child Zheng says: "Chuwang crosses Jiang Deping , be like greatly bottle, bare is like day, analyse and those who feed is sweet be like honey. " this is Chu Wangzhi also. I is with knowing. "
     
    Child Zuo Wu Kongzi says: " does the dead have know? Does know? " child say: " I desire character has to death know, fears hamper of of dutiful son Zuo be born with court death; I desire the with dead character knows, fears disobedient child its Yin and not bury. Zuo is not about to know the dead to knowing Ning knows, blame today urgent, after knows oneself. "
     
    Child Zuo is treated civilian Wu Kongzi. Child say: " if Yan holds the Zuo that corrupt alls alone. " child Zuo says: " how Wei also? " Confucius says: " the husband opens Zuo drive all person also, with path , my cultivate also; Not with path , my Zhu also. The how Wei that be like also. "
     
    The law of Zuo , concubine of Zuo person official at Zheng Hou Zhe, all take Jin Wufu, child of Zuo Zuo , Zuo and do not extract gold. Of Confucius Long say: " Zuo breaks. The Ning thing of husband Long person also, can move Zuo Yi Su, and the Wu Bai that teachs to be able to be applied is surnamed, the travel of body of the Zuo that be not also, today Zuo is rich person few and Zuo person Bao , Zuo person suffers golden not cheap, why photograph Zuo ? From today after, Zuo person not Zuo person at Zheng Hou. "
     
    Child Lu Zhipu, Zha Yao Wu Kongzi says: " suffer by Zuo teach Wu Fu child. " child say: " cattail its how? " says: " city is much person, Zuo is treated also. " child say: " like that, my Zha , respectful and respect, can brave; and, can ; and excuse me, can allow tired; and , can or . Such and together with, not Zuo . "
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