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天论篇第十七_荀子

章节: 天论篇第十七
书名: 荀子
类目: 子部
原作者:
朝代:
写作年代: 约公元前-251年  至  公元后607年
视频: 天论篇第十七_荀子
音频: 天论篇第十七_荀子
新国学:
  天行有常,不为尧存,不为桀亡。应之以治则吉,应之以乱则凶。强本而节用,则天不能贫;养备而动时,则天不能病;修道而不贰,则天不能祸。故水旱不能使之饥,寒暑不能使之疾,祆怪不能使之凶。本荒而用侈,则天不能使之富;养略而动罕,则天不能使之全;倍道而妄行,则天不能使之吉。故水旱未至而饥,寒暑未薄而疾,祆怪未至而凶--受时与治世同,而殃祸与治世异,不可以怨天,其道然也。故明于天人之分,则可谓至人矣。

 
  不为而成,不求而得,夫是之谓天职。如是者,虽深、其人不加虑焉;虽大、不加能焉;虽精、不加察焉,夫是之谓不与天争职。天有其时,地有其财,人有其治,夫是之谓能参。舍其所以参,而愿其所参,则惑矣。
 
  列星随旋,日月递照,四时代御,阴阳大化,风雨博施,万物各得其和以生,各得其养以成,不见其事,而见其功,夫是之谓神。皆知其所以成,莫知其无形,夫是之谓天功。唯圣人为不求知天。
 
  天职既立,天功既成,形具而神生,好恶喜怒哀乐臧焉,夫是之谓天情。耳目鼻口形能各有接而不相能也,夫是之谓天官。心居中虚,以治五官,夫是之谓天君。财非其类以养其类,夫是之谓天养。顺其类者谓之福,逆其类者谓之祸,夫是之谓天政。暗其天君,乱其天官,弃其天养,逆其天政,背其天情,以丧天功,夫是之谓大凶。圣人清其天君,正其天官,备其天养,顺其天政,养其天情,以全其天功。如是,则知其所为,知其所不为矣;则天地官而万物役矣。其行曲治,其养曲适,其生不伤,夫是之谓知天。
 
  故大巧在所不为,大智在所不虑。所志于天者,已其见象之可以期者矣;所志于地者,已其见宜之可以息者矣:所志于四时者,已其见数之可以事者矣;所志于阴阳者,已其见和之可以治者矣。官人守天,而自为守道也。
 
  治乱,天邪?曰:日月星辰瑞历,是禹桀之所同也,禹以治,桀以乱;治乱非天也。
 
  时邪?曰:繁启蕃长于春夏,畜积收臧于秋冬,是禹桀之所同也,禹以治,桀以乱;治乱非时也。
 
  地邪?曰:得地则生,失地则死,是又禹桀之所同也,禹以治,桀以乱;治乱非地也。诗曰:“天作高山,大王荒之。彼作矣,文王康之。”此之谓也。
 
  天不为人之恶寒也辍冬,地不为人之恶辽远也辍广,君子不为小人之匈匈也辍行。天有常道矣,地有常数矣,君子有常体矣。君子道其常,而小人计其功。诗曰:“礼义之不愆,何恤人之言兮!”此之谓也。
 
  楚王后车千乘,非知也;君子啜菽饮水,非愚也;是节然也。若夫志意修,德行厚,知虑明,生于今而志乎古,则是其在我者也。故君子敬其在己者,而不慕其在天者;小人错其在己者,而慕其在天者。君子敬其在己者,而不慕其在天者,是以日进也;小人错其在己者,而慕其在天者,是以日退也。故君子之所以日进,与小人之所以日退,一也。君子小人之所以相县者,在此耳。
 
  星队木鸣,国人皆恐。曰:是何也?曰:无何也!是天地之变,阴阳之化,物之罕至者也。怪之,可也;而畏之,非也。夫日月之有蚀,风雨之不时,怪星之党见,是无世而不常有之。上明而政平,则是虽并世起,无伤也;上闇而政险,则是虽无一至者,无益也。夫星之队,木之鸣,是天地之变,阴阳之化,物之罕至者也;怪之,可也;而畏之,非也。
 
  物之已至者,人祆则可畏也:楛耕伤稼,楛耨失岁,政险失民;田薉稼恶,籴贵民饥,道路有死人:夫是之谓人祆。政令不明,举错不时,本事不理,勉力不时,则牛马相生,六畜作祆:夫是之谓人祆。礼义不修,内外无别,男女淫乱,则父子相疑,上下乖离,寇难并至:夫是之谓人祆。祆是生于乱。三者错,无安国。其说甚尔,其菑甚惨。勉力不时,则牛马相生,六畜作祆,可怪也,而亦可畏也。传曰:“万物之怪书不说。”无用之辩,不急之察,弃而不治。若夫君臣之义,父子之亲,夫妇之别,则日切瑳而不舍也。
 
  雩而雨,何也?曰:无何也,犹不雩而雨也。日月食而救之,天旱而雩,卜筮然后决大事,非以为得求也,以文之也。故君子以为文,而百姓以为神。以为文则吉,以为神则凶也。
 
  在天者莫明于日月,在地者莫明于水火,在物者莫明于珠玉,在人者莫明于礼义。故日月不高,则光明不赫;水火不积,则晖润不博;珠玉不睹乎外,则王公不以为宝;礼义不加于国家,则功名不白。故人之命在天,国之命在礼。君人者,隆礼尊贤而王,重法爱民而霸,好利多诈而危,权谋倾覆幽险而亡矣。
 
  大天而思之,孰与物畜而制之!从天而颂之,孰与制天命而用之!望时而待之,孰与应时而使之!因物而多之,孰与骋能而化之!思物而物之,孰与理物而勿失之也!愿于物之所以生,孰与有物之所以成!故错人而思天,则失万物之情。
 
  百王之无变,足以为道贯。一废一起,应之以贯,理贯不乱。不知贯,不知应变。贯之大体未尝亡也。乱生其差,治尽其详。故道之所善,中则可从,畸则不可为,匿则大惑。水行者表深,表不明则陷。治民者表道,表不明则乱。礼者,表也。非礼,昏世也;昏世,大乱也。故道无不明,外内异表,隐显有常,民陷乃去。
 
  万物为道一偏,一物为万物一偏。愚者为一物一偏,而自以为知道,无知也。慎子有见于后,无见于先。老子有见于诎,无见于信。墨子有见于齐,无见于畸。宋子有见于少,无见于多。有后而无先,则群众无门。有诎而无信,则贵贱不分。有齐而无畸,则政令不施,有少而无多,则群众不化。书曰:“无有作好,遵王之道;无有作恶,遵王之路。”此之谓也。

  • New Sinology Title:
    The day talks a Xun Zi of the seventeenth _

    New Sinology Chapter:
    The day is talked piece the seventeenth

    New Sinology BookName:
    Xun Zi

    New Sinology Catalog:
    Child ministry

    New Sinology Content:

    The day has all right constant, do not be Yao Cun, do not die for the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty. Answer in order to treat an auspicious, answer with chaos fierce. Strong this and husband, criterion day cannot deficient; When raise equipment and be being moved, criterion day cannot ill; Ascetic and not two, criterion day cannot disaster. The be hungry that reason water drought cannot make, the disease that cold hot weather cannot make, what Xian cannot make quite is fierce. This barren and with wasteful, criterion what the day cannot make is rich; Raise slightly and move rarely, criterion what the day cannot make is complete; Times and absurd goes, criterion the auspicious that the day cannot make. Reason water drought did not come and be hungry, cold hot weather is not poor and disease, xian did not come quite and fierce - - when sufferring, be the same as with times of peace and prosperity, and disaster disaster and different of times of peace and prosperity, can not blame a weather, its like that also. Reason the cent of bright Yutian's person, criterion it may be said comes person.

     
    Be and become, be not begged and get, the husband is call bounden duty. So person, although deep, its person does not add Lv Yan; Although big, do not add can Yan; Although essence of life, do not add examine Yan, the husband is call not to contend for duty with the day. The day has meantime, the ground has its money, the person has his to treat, the husband is call can join. Abandon its to be joined so, and wish its are joined, criterion be puzzled.
     
    Row star is followed come back, life is given according to, four timeses drive, yin and yang is changed greatly, harships rich is applied, everythings on earth is gotten each its and in order to be born, each get its to raise in order to become, do not see its thing, and see its result, the husband is call god. All know its to be become so, mo Zhi its are aeriform, the husband is call weather meritorious service. Only the sage is not curious day.
     
    Bounden duty stands already, weather meritorious service is become already, form provide and the god is unripe, zang Yan of feeling of likes and dislikes, the husband is call weather situation. Information nose degree of lip-rounding can have each receive and not can also, the husband is call weather official. Empty of heart be placed in the middle, in order to treat facial features, the husband is call Tian Jun. Money is not his kind in order to raise its kind, the husband is call the day is raised. Arrange its kind person calling blessing, go against its kind person calling disaster, the husband is call day politics. Dark its Tian Jun, random its weather official, abandon its day to raise, go against its day politics, carry its weather situation on the back, with funeral weather meritorious service, the husband is call big fierce. The wise man is quiet its Tian Jun, its weather official, have its day is raised, arrange its day politics, raise its weather situation, with complete its weather meritorious service. So, know its place to be, know its place to be; Criterion official of heaven and earth and battle of everythings on earth. Its travel music is treated, its raise Qu Kuo, its are born to be not hurt, the husband is call know a day.
     
    Reason is in place opportunely greatly, big wisdom in place not Lv. Place annals Yu Tian person, already what its see an elephant is OK period person; Place annals at the ground person, already its see the person can cease of appropriate: Place annals at the four seasons person, already what its see number is OK thing person; Place annals at yin and yang person, already its see the mixed person that can treat. Government-owned person observes a day, and to defend oneself also.
     
    Treat chaos, tian Xie? Say: All previous of luck of the heavenly bodies, the place that is Yu Jie is the same as also, yu Yizhi, the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty with chaos; Day of the blame that treat chaos also.
     
    When unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease? Say: Numerous open luxuriant to grow Yu Chunxia, cultivate accumulating receives Zang Yuqiu winter, the place that is Yu Jie is the same as also, yu Yizhi, When the blame that treat chaos also.
     
    Ground evil? Say: The land is raw, lost territory is dead, be Yu Jie's place is the same as also, yu Yizhi, the name of the last ruler of the Xia Dynasty with chaos; Ground of the blame that treat chaos also. The poem says: "The day makes a high mountain, of king barren. Those is made, of Wen Wangkang. " this call also.
     
    The aversion to cold that the day is not a person also stops winter, the evil distance that the ground is not a person also stops wide, the chest chest that gentleman is not Lilliputian also stops row. The day has constant way, the ground has constant, gentleman has constant system. Gentleman its constant, and Lilliputian plan its result. The poem says: "Of ceremony justice do not fault, he Xuren's character! " this call also.
     
    Hunan queen car 1000 by, blame know also; Gentleman sip beans waters, blame I also; It is a section like that also. If husband annals meaning is repaired, the mitzvah is thick, know Lv bright, unripe nowadays and annals ancient, it is its in me person also. Reason gentleman respects his to be in oneself person, and not its are in admire day person; Its are in Lilliputian fault oneself person, and its are in admire day person. Gentleman respects his to be in oneself person, and not its are in admire day person, be enter with day also; Its are in Lilliputian fault oneself person, and its are in admire day person, be retreat with day also. Reason gentleman day is entered, with Lilliputian day is retreated, one also. Gentleman as person of low position photograph county person, in this ear.
     
    Astral group wood cries, compatriots all fears. Say: Be He Ye? Say: Without He Ye! Be heaven and earth change, of yin and yang change, the person that the rarely of content comes also. Strange, but also; And of Wei, blame also. Of husband life have corrode, of harships often, the party of strange star sees, it is seldom without the world those who have. Go up bright and politics smooth, although,be and the world rises, without the injury also; Go up Zuo and politics danger, although do not have the person that come,be, profitless also. The team of husband star, mu Zhiming, be heaven and earth change, of yin and yang change, the person that the rarely of content comes also; Strange, but also; And of Wei, blame also.
     
    The person already came of content, person Xian criterion but Wei also: hurts sow n cultivated land, weedings hoe break year old, politics danger is broken civilian; Cropland Shu sow is evil, buy in is expensive civilian be hungry, road has a the dead: The husband is call person Xian. Government order is unidentified, lift a fault often, skill is paid no attention to, exert oneself force often, criterion photograph of oxen and hores-beeasts of burden is unripe, domestic animals makes Xian: The husband is call person Xian. Ceremony justice is not repaired, inside and outside is not had not, the men and women is licentious, criterion doubt of photograph of father and son, fluctuation is good from, kou Nan comes: The husband is call person Xian. Xian is to be born at chaos. 3 person wrong, without bring a country. Its say very Er, its Qia is very miserable. Exert oneself force often, criterion photograph of oxen and hores-beeasts of burden is unripe, domestic animals makes Xian, can blame also, and Yi Kewei also. Pass: "The strange book of everythings on earth does not say. " useless argue, not urgent examine, abandon and do not treat. Those who be like husband official justice, of father and son close, of the couple not, day cuts and do not abandon also.
     
    Yu and rain, he Ye? Say: Without He Ye, still not Yu and rain also. Life is fed and save, day drought and Yu, predict Shi next definitely important matter, blame think so that beg also, with Wen Zhi also. Reason gentleman thinks civil, and common people feels magical. Think Wen Zeji, think the god is fierce also.
     
    In the day person Mo Ming at life, mo Ming of the person that be in the ground at extreme misery, in content person Mo Ming Yu Zhuyu, in the person person Mo Ming Yu Liyi. Reason life is not tall, bright not hertz; Extreme misery is not accumulated, criterion sunshine embellish not rich; Bead jade is not seen outside, criterion princes and dukes does not think treasure; Ceremony justice is not added at the country, criterion the scholarly honour and official rank is not white. The life of old friend is in day, national life is in ceremony. Gentleman person person, long Lizun virtuous and king, serious way cherishs his fellow citizen and bully, good profit much bluff somebody into giving information and danger, tactics capsize hidden danger and die.
     
    Big day and think of, what makes with content cultivate! Of from the day eulogy, what and control destiny and use! Hope from time to time is waited for, what and in season and make! Much because of content, what and gallop can and those who change! Think thing and of content, what and reason other people and do not break also! Wish to be born at content, what and content is become! Reason wrong person and think a day, lose the favour of everythings on earth.
     
    Of 100 king without change, enough is be linked together. Abandon one case, answer in order to a string of 1000 cash, manage be linked together is not random. Do not know native place, do not know meet an emergency. The cardinal principle of be linked together has not die also. Give birth to its to differ in disorder, manage its minute. The place be apt to that reason, in criterion but from, abnormal cannot is, conceal criterion big be puzzled. Watch of the person that water goes is close, the watch is unidentified a defect. Treat civilian person watch line, the watch is unidentified random. Ceremony person, express also. Incivility, faint world also; Faint world, big chaos also. Cause course all without exception bright, outside inside different watch, concealed is shown have constant, civilian defect goes therefore.
     
    Everythings on earth is one-sided, one content is one-sided of everythings on earth. I person for one content one-sided, and flatter oneself knows, ignorant also. Shen Zi has see after, without see at first. Father has see at Qu, without see at the letter. Mo Zi has see Yu Qi, without see Yu Ji. Song Zi has see at little, without see at many. After having and without first, criterion masses does not have the door. Have Qu and do not have a letter, criterion gentle and simple is not divided. Have neat and without abnormal, criterion government order is not applied, have little and without many, criterion masses is not changed. The book says: "Without it is good to have, abide by Wang Zhi; Without have do evil, the road of abide by king. " this call also.
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